新课标2021年高二英语暑假作业-3.docx

新课标2021年高二英语暑假作业 3
（满分100分）

其次部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. 
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”．
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能)．
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior. 
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US，for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 
【小题1】This passage is mainly concerned with ________.
A. relation between personality and behavior
B. relation between behavior and environment
C. different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D. different theories of the formation of human behavior 
【小题2】The underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. creators                 B. advisors                 C. advocates                  D. judges 
【小题3】In Paragraph 5, the author mainly writes about ________.
A. the considerable influence of the two theories
B. differences between the blacks and whites
C. racial discrimination in the United States
D. different responds to intelligence tests 
【小题4】What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.
B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
D. To present an argument in the field of social science.

其次节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Procrastination (拖延) is a phenomenon we are familiar with. When we procrastinate, we waste our free time and put off important tasks we should do till it’s too late.    1   Here, I will share some personal steps taken to overcome procrastination with great success.
Break your work down into little parts. Part of the reason why we procrastinate is that we find the work too overwhelming (巨大的)for us. Break it down into little parts, and then focus on one part at a time. If you still procrastinate after doing so, break it down even further.    2 
Change your environment. Look at your work desk and your room. Do they make you want to work or do they make you sleepy?   3  
Create a detailed timeline with specific deadlines. Having just one deadline for your work is like an invitation to procrastinate. That’s because we would get the impression that we have time and keep pushing everything back until it’s too late.   4  In this way, you know you have to finish each task by a certain date.
   5   I’m pretty sure if you spend just 10 minutes talking to people like Steve Jobs or Bill Gates, you’ll be more inspired to act than if you spend the 10 minutes doing nothing. The people we are with influence our behavior.
A. Soon, your task will be so simple that you will be thinking you can do it now.
B. Seek out someone who has already achieved the similar outcome to your goals.
C. Hang out with people who inspire you to take action.
D. Having a companion makes the whole process much more fun.
E. If it’s the latter, you should begin to change your workspace.
F. It’s a bad habit eating us away and stopping us achieving greater success in life.
G. Break down your project, and then create an overall timeline with specific deadlines for each small task.

第三部分 英语学问运用 （共两节，满分40）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Mr. Glen is a millionaire. Five years ago, after returning from abroad to his motherland, he   1   up his small company. Speaking of success, Glen often tells us a story about his   2   expensive “school” fees. He always   3   his success to it.
At that time, Glen, who already got a Ph. Degree, decided to return to the homeland, starting an undertaking. Before   4  , he bought a Rolex watch with the   5   made through years of work after school and the scholarships. At the airport he had to accept the routine customs check. The watch on his wrist was also demanded to be   6   down for inspection. Glen knew that carrying the specific goods out had to pay the tax. And he worried about paying   7   for his watch. So when he was checked, he told a lie that his watch was a worthless   8  . When he was   9   of his ‘smarts’, immediately,   10   the presence of Glen, the officers hit the watch, which   11   nearly ￥100,000, into pieces at hearing Glen’s words. Glen was amazed.   12   he understood why, he was taken to the office to be   13  strictly. For many times of entry-exit   14   he knew that only those people in the “blacklist” would “enjoy” this special treatment. The officers   15   every thing carefully in the box, and warned him no matter what time of entry and exit he must accept the check and if   16   reusing and carrying fake and shoddy（伪劣）goods, he would be   17   according to law! Suddenly, his face turned red, and he had nothing in mind after boarding the plane for long.
After returning to the homeland, he often told the story to his family, and his employees, too. He said that this made a deep   18   on him, because an additional high “school” fee that he had ever paid made him realize the value of   19  , which he would   20   as the secret of his success forever.

1. A. set
B. came
C. went
D. called
2. A. good
B. bad
C. extra
D. few
3. A. owns
B. owes
C. belongs
D. possesses
4. A. staying
B. leaving
C. living
D. coming
5. A. books
B. things
C. savings
D. pounds
6. A. put
B. looked
C. taken
D. lied
7. A. one
B. it
C. them
D. these
8. A. present
B. trade
C. toy
D. fake
9. A. afraid
B. proud
C. well
D. hard
10. A. in
B. on
C. before
D. after
11. A. paid
B. spent
C. took
D. cost
12. A. Before
B. After
C. If
D. Though
13. A. appreciated
B. beaten
C. spoken
D. examined
14. A. conditions
B. experiences
C. experiments
D. chances
15. A. looked out
B. looked up 
C. looked over
D. looked round
16. A. came out
B. found out
C. sent out
D. set out
17. A. hit
B. blamed
C. praised
D. charged
18. A. expression
B. idea
C. thought
D. impression
19. A. honesty
B. lies
C. goods
D .things
20. A. remember
B. learn
C. revise
D. read

第二节 阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空(10)
Many years ago, when I worked __1___ a volunteer at Stanford Hospital, I got to know a little girl name Liza ___2___ was suffering from a rare and serious disease. Her only chance of recovering appeared to be a blood transfusion from __3___ five-year-old brother, who ___4___ (survive) the same disease and developed the antibodies needed to combat the illness. The doctor explained the situation to her little brother, and asked the boy ___5___ he would be willing to give his blood to his sister. I saw him hesitate for a moment ___6___ taking a deep breath and saying, “Yes, I’ll do it if it will save Liza.”
       As the transfusion progressed, he lay in a bed next to his sister, ___7___ (smile). But then his face grew pale and his smile faded. He looked at the doctor and asked with ___8___ trembling voice, “Will I start to die right away?”
       Being young, the boy had ____9______ (understand) the doctor. He thought he was going to have to give her ___10__ his blood..

第四部分 写作 （共两节 满分30）
第一节 短文改错（10分）
One day, I was cooking in the kitchen while the telephone rings. I went to answer it immediately. She was my close friend, Lisa. When we were talking on a phone, the fire alarm sounded. I ran back to the kitchen. The room full of smoke and the beef was badly burnt. I quickly turned off the gases, opening all the windows, and then went out of the house. In my surprise, two fire engines were outside my house. I was rather worried. I told about the firemen that it was my careless cooking which caused the heavy smoke.
第二节 书面表达（20分）
湖南卫视策划的“超级女生”节目热播，在很多观众特殊是中同学中引起了很大反响, 上周你们班也为此开放了一场争辩。请你依据提示将争辩状况写成一篇英语短文

                           观点
支持者
对竞赛高度赞扬，理由是它给一些平凡却爱唱歌的女孩子供应了一个通过竞赛呈现才华/呈现自我的舞台或机会。激励了她们的竞争意识（sense of competing）。
反对者
不赞成，理由是花费了太多的时间和精力，这些女孩大部分还是同学，不能集中留意力(concentrate on)学习，对他们的学习产生不良影响。
你的观点
·······
留意：1、行文连贯，内容应完整： 2、题目和开头语已经给出；3、词数100左右。

答案：

其次部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）
第二节 （共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
答案及解析：
D C A D
试题分析: 本文主要争辩了人的共性和智力是先天形成的还是受环境影响的
[小题1]D主旨大意题。首段首句指出作者要争辩的问题，第 2 段开头从两个方面解释该问题，末段是总结段，由此看来，首段首句和末段首句提到的 human behavior 是本文的中心内容，虽然文章首段第2句就提到 intelligent 一词，但该句的 intelligent， cooperative， competitive 等都只是举例说明首句有关 personalities 和 behaviors 的问题， 由此可见，选项 B 并非本文主旨；作者提到两种理论是为了解释性格和行为形成的缘由，并非争辩这两种理论形成的缘由，因此 A和C两项均不正确。选D
[小题2]C猜词题。依据文章内容，我们可以推断 proponent 应指人，指这两种理论的支持者，只有 advocates“拥护者”符合这种推想，故选 C。
[小题3]A段落大意题：题干问第五段主要关于什么，这要看第五段的结构。第一句Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching.很明显是个概括句，下面的论据是为了证明这两个理论的相当大的影响。选A
[小题4]D写作意图题：结合文章的首尾可知作者的写作目的是为了介绍社会科学领域的一个争辩吗，答案选D

其次节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

答案及解析：
FAEGC

第三部分 英语学问运用 （共两节，满分40）
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

答案及解析：
ACBBC    CBDBA    DADBC    BDDAA

第三节 阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空(10)
答案及解析：
1. as                   2. who                3. her                 4. had survived          5.  whether      
6. before            7. smiling            8. a                    9. misunderstood       10. all

第四部分 写作 （共两节 满分30）
第三节 短文改错（10分）
as---when                                                  rings---rang 
She---It                                                  on a phone---on the phone
the room full of---the room was full of 
opening ---opened                               window---windows
In my surprise---To my surprise
told about去掉about                              which---that

第四节 书面表达（20分）
Super girls’ voice
         Recently many people especially high school students have been fascinated by a singing competition “ Super girls’ voice”, which was held by Hunan TV station. Last weekend students in our class also head a heated discussion about it.
On the one hand, some students supporting it think highly of the competition. They think it has offered a wonderful stage/chance to ordinary girls but singing well to show their singing talents in public, and encourages people to develop their sense of competing during competitions.
On the other hand, the others don’t agree with them. They think a series of competitions costs lots of time and energy. As most of girls are still students who should concentrate on their study / devote their energies to their study and, taking part in it is not good for / is bad for / has bad effect on their study .
In my opinion, it is just a successful program, which has attracted lots of audience’s attention. But seeing the girls with passion try hard to realize their dreams / make their dreams come true in the competition, we are greatly inspired/ encouraged by them to study harder.