2022届高三牛津版英语一轮复习全书讲义-第二部分第十一讲特殊句式和主谓一致-.docx
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1、第十一讲特殊句式和主谓全都一、倒装种 类倒装条件例句全部倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,on the wall,under the tree等置于句首,且主语是名词时。Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away fled the thief.温馨提示上述状况中,若主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。Away they went.(2)代词such放在句首,且在句中作表语时。Such are the facts;no one can deny them.(3)为平衡句子结构
2、或使上下文连接紧密,常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首,引起全部倒装。Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.Hanging on the wall is a beautiful picture.部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。(2021高考江西卷)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.Only then did I know the importance of
3、 learning.(2)含有否定意义的副词或词组(never,seldom, little, hardly, by no means, not until等)位于句首时。Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.部分倒装(3)hardly. when, no sooner. than, not only. but(also).等引导两个分句时,若hardly, no sooner, not only位于句首,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变。Hardly had I reached th
4、e bus stop when the bus started.Not only was the coat soft,but it was also warm.(4)so/neither/nor置于句首,意为“也”或“也不”,表示前面所说的状况也适用于另一个人或事物时。He is a doctor.So is his wife.Lily cant ride,neither/nor can Lucy.(5)so/such.that.句型中,当suchn.或soadj./adv.位于句首时,主句部分倒装,that从句不倒装。So small was the market that I could
5、hardly see it.So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.(6)though/as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”,通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前;若表语是名词,其前不用冠词。常见结构:状语/表语/动词though/as主谓结构。Try as he would, he might fail again.Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(7)当if引导的虚拟条件
6、从句中含有had, were或should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were或should等移到主语之前。Had I attended the meeting,I would have met Jim.1(2022高考陕西卷)No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.Ahad Mo YanBMo Yan hadChas Mo YanDMo Yan has解析:选A。考查倒装句以准时态。句意:莫言一登上舞台,观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner.than.“
7、一就”是一个固定搭配,而且主句通常用过去完成时态;no sooner置于句首时,其后用部分倒装,所以选择A项。2(2022高考大纲全国卷)_ the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.ANot do onlyBDo not onlyCOnly not doDNot only do解析:选D。考查倒装句。句意:护士们不仅要求提高工资,还要求缩短工作时间。not only在句首引起句子时,该句用部分倒装,其结构为not only do/will/can etc.,因此D项正确。3(2022高考湖南卷)Only wh
8、en you can find peace in your heart _good relationships with others.Awill you keepByou will keepCyou keptDdid you keep解析:选A。考查倒装句。句意:唯有找到内心的安静,方能维持人际关系的和谐。“only副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时,句子(主句)要用部分倒装语序。本题中,时间状语从句when you can find peace in your heart 被only修饰,且置于句首,故主句用部分倒装结构。二、强调句强调句(1)It is/was.that/who可以对除
9、谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时,可用that或who,其他状况下用that。(2022高考湖南卷)Its not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.(2)一般疑问句:Is/Wasit.that/who.?特殊疑问句:疑问词is/wasitthat/who.?The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today?Was it on a lonely isl
10、and that he was saved one month after the boat went down?(3)“not.until.”句型的强调句:It is /was not until.that.(2021高考天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.强调谓语动词do/does/did动词原形(只用于确定句,并且只有现在时和过去时)I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.He did write to y
11、ou last night.1(2022高考四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school_ Mr. Smith got angry?AwhyBwhoCwhereDthat解析:选D。考查强调句型。强调句型结构为:It is/ was被强调部分that剩余部分。强调句的推断方法是将It is/was与that去掉,看剩余句子成分是否完整。经推断,“Because Jack came late for school,Mr. Smith got angry.”句子成分完整,因此可以断定本句是强调句,空格处应用that。另外,由“Was it.?”可知本句为
12、强调句型的一般疑问形式。2(2022高考福建卷)It was the culture,rather than the language,_made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.AwhereBwhyCthatDwhat解析:选C。考查强调句型。句意:是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。该题强调主语the culture,其中rather than the language为插入语,是迷惑部分,所以空格处应用that。扫一扫进入91导学网()强调句型第1讲三、省略状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语全都或从句的
13、主语为it且从句中有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。(2021芜湖一中高三模拟)Every day after I went home, if not tired from work, I will go out for a walk with my wife.(2021高考天津卷)Although small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.宾语从句“替代性”省略:not与be afraid, hope, think, believe, suppose, expect等连用,代替否定的宾语从句,s
14、o代替确定的宾语从句,但表示否定意义时,hope与be afraid只用I hope/am afraid not的形式,而think, believe, suppose等有两种形式,即:I think/believe/suppose not和I dont think/believe/suppose so。Do you think it will rain?I hope not/so.Do they mind you smoking there?I dont think so/I think not.动词不定式不定式符号to的省略(1)感官动词或使役动词(如feel, see, hear, no
15、tice, watch, observe, let, make, have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to,但在被动语态中不能省略(let除外)。I heard someone sing in the next room.My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.(2)在do nothing but do, cant help but do, why not do, would rather do. than do.,prefer to do. rather than do.等句型中省略to。I would prefer to swim rat
16、her than play football.不定式的省略(1)使用不定式符号to来代替不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like,love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want,wish等的后边。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.(2)在某些形容词如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替省略的动词。Will you join in the game?Id be gla
17、d to.(3)假如不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be, have和have been。Are you a sailor?No, but I used to be.1(2022高考湖南卷)Children,when_by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.Ato be accompaniedBto accompanyCaccompanyingDaccompanied解析:选D。考查省略。when引导时间状语从句,规律主语是题干的主语children,把该时间状语从句补充完整为when children are
18、 accompanied by their parents。依据状语从句省略的条件,可以省去主语和系动词,故选D。2(2021高考新课标全国卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _.Anot to doBnot toCnot doDdo not解析:选B。考查动词不定式符号to的保留、不定式符号to后面的省略以及不定式的否定形式。句意:那个司机想把他的小汽车停在路边,但是警察让他不要把车停在路边。通过分析题干,再结合句意可知,动词不定式符号to后面省略了“park hi
19、s car near the roadside”,全句补充完整是“The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside.”。在此种用法中可以只在句中保留不定式符号to,从而把与前面重复的内容省略;动词不定式的否定形式是直接在不定式符号to的前面加上否定副词not/never,故答案选B项。四、其他句式1祈使句的固定句式(1) 祈使句and简洁句,可译为“假如就”。(2) 祈使句or/otherwise简洁句,可译为
20、“否则”。(3) 名词词组(多含有more,another)and简洁句,可译为“假如再就”。(2022高考大纲全国卷)Call me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.明天给我打电话,我会让你知道试验结果的。2感叹句的固定句式(1) Whata/an形容词单数名词主语谓语!How形容词a/an单词名词主语谓语!(2)What(形容词)不行数名词/复数名词主语谓语! (3) How形容词/副词主语谓语! (4) How主语谓语!The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems
21、 we would face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严峻的问题。3反意疑问句(1)祈使句的反意疑问句确定的祈使句,简短问句用will you/wont you。否定的祈使句,简短问句用will you。Lets.,shall we?Let us.,will you?(2)主从复合句的反意疑问句,与主句的主谓语保持全都。但当陈述部分是I/We think/believe/expect/suppose加从句时,疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持全都。There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,is there?毫无疑问,
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