2022届高三牛津版英语一轮复习全书讲义-第二部分第十一讲特殊句式和主谓一致-.docx

第十一讲　特殊句式和主谓全都

一、倒装

种 类
倒装条件
例　句
全部倒装
(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall，under the tree等置于句首，且主语是名词时。
①Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief.
温馨提示　上述状况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。
②Away they went.
(2)代词such放在句首，且在句中作表语时。
Such are the facts；no one can deny them.
(3)为平衡句子结构或使上下文连接紧密，常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，引起全部倒装。
①Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.
②Hanging on the wall is a beautiful picture.
部分倒装
(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。
①(2021·高考江西卷)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.
②Only then did I know the importance of learning.
(2)含有否定意义的副词或词组(never，seldom, little, hardly, by no means, not until等)位于句首时。
Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
部分倒装
(3)hardly... when, no sooner... than, not only... but(also)．..等引导两个分句时，若hardly, no sooner, not only位于句首，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。
①Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
②Not only was the coat soft，but it was also warm.
(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也”或“也不”，表示前面所说的状况也适用于另一个人或事物时。
①He is a doctor.So is his wife.
②Lily can’t ride，neither/nor can Lucy.
(5)so/such...that...句型中，当such＋n.或so＋adj./adv.位于句首时，主句部分倒装，that从句不倒装。
①So small was the market that I could hardly see it.
②So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
(6)though/as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管”，通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前；若表语是名词，其前不用冠词。常见结构：状语/表语/动词＋though/as＋主谓结构。
①Try as he would, he might fail again.
②Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.
(7)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were或should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were或should等移到主语之前。
Had I attended the meeting，I would have met Jim.

1．(2022·高考陕西卷)No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
A．had Mo Yan　　　　　　 B．Mo Yan had
C．has Mo Yan　　　　　　　 D．Mo Yan has
解析：选A。考查倒装句以准时态。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner...than...“一……就……”是一个固定搭配，而且主句通常用过去完成时态；no sooner置于句首时，其后用部分倒装，所以选择A项。
2．(2022·高考大纲全国卷)________ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.
A．Not do only　　　　　　　 B．Do not only
C．Only not do　　　　　　　 D．Not only do
解析：选D。考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅要求提高工资，还要求缩短工作时间。not only在句首引起句子时，该句用部分倒装，其结构为not only do/will/can etc.，因此D项正确。
3．(2022·高考湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________good relationships with others.
A．will you keep　　　　　 B．you will keep
C．you kept　　　　　　　 D．did you keep
解析：选A。考查倒装句。句意：唯有找到内心的安静，方能维持人际关系的和谐。“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装语序。本题中，时间状语从句when you can find peace in your heart 被only修饰，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒装结构。
二、强调句

强调句
(1)It is/was...that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时，可用that或who，其他状况下用that。
(2022·高考湖南卷)It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.
(2)一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋...that/who...？　
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/
was＋it＋that/who...？
①The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today?
②Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down？
(3)“not...until...”句型的强调句：It is /was not until...that...
(2021·高考天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
强调谓语动词
do/does/did＋动词原形(只用于确定句，并且只有现在时和过去时)
①I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.
②He did write to you last night.

1．(2022·高考四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school________ Mr. Smith got angry?
A．why　　　　　　　 B．who
C．where　　　　　　　 D．that
解析：选D。考查强调句型。强调句型结构为：It is/ was＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分。强调句的推断方法是将It is/was与that去掉，看剩余句子成分是否完整。经推断，“Because Jack came late for school，Mr. Smith got angry.”句子成分完整，因此可以断定本句是强调句，空格处应用that。另外，由“Was it...？”可知本句为强调句型的一般疑问形式。
2．(2022·高考福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language，________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A．where　　　　　　　 B．why
C．that　　　　　　　 D．what
解析：选C。考查强调句型。句意：是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。该题强调主语the culture，其中rather than the language为插入语，是迷惑部分，所以空格处应用that。
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强调句型第1讲

三、省略

状语从句
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语全都或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
①(2021·芜湖一中高三模拟)Every day after I went home, if not tired from work, I will go out for a walk with my wife.
②(2021·高考天津卷)Although small，the company has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.
宾语从句
“替代性”省略：not与be afraid, hope, think, believe, suppose, expect等连用，代替否定的宾语从句，so代替确定的宾语从句，但表示否定意义时，hope与be afraid只用I hope/am afraid not的形式，而think, believe, suppose等有两种形式，即：I think/believe/suppose not和I don’t think/believe/suppose so。
①—Do you think it will rain？
—I hope not/so.
②—Do they mind you smoking there？
—I don’t think so/I think not.
动词不定式
不定式符号to的省略
(1)感官动词或使役动词(如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, let, make, have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，但在被动语态中不能省略(let除外)。
①I heard someone sing in the next room.
②My mother wouldn’t
let me go to see the film.
(2)在do nothing but do, can’t help but do, why not do, would rather do... than do...，prefer to do... rather than do...等句型中省略to。
I would prefer to swim rather than play football.
不定式的省略
(1)使用不定式符号to来代替不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like，love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want，wish等的后边。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
(2)在某些形容词如glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替省略的动词。
—Will you join in the game？
—I’d be glad to.
(3)假如不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be, have和have been。
—Are you a sailor？
—No, but I used to be.

1．(2022·高考湖南卷)Children，when________by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
A．to be accompanied　　　　　　 B．to accompany
C．accompanying　　　　　　　 D．accompanied
解析：选D。考查省略。when引导时间状语从句，规律主语是题干的主语children，把该时间状语从句补充完整为when children are accompanied by their parents。依据状语从句省略的条件，可以省去主语和系动词，故选D。
2．(2021·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________.
A．not to do　　　　　　　 B．not to
C．not do　　　　　　　 D．do not
解析：选B。考查动词不定式符号to的保留、不定式符号to后面的省略以及不定式的否定形式。句意：那个司机想把他的小汽车停在路边，但是警察让他不要把车停在路边。通过分析题干，再结合句意可知，动词不定式符号to后面省略了“park his car near the roadside”，全句补充完整是“The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside.”。在此种用法中可以只在句中保留不定式符号to，从而把与前面重复的内容省略；动词不定式的否定形式是直接在不定式符号to的前面加上否定副词not/never，故答案选B项。
四、其他句式
1．祈使句的固定句式
(1) 祈使句＋and＋简洁句，可译为“假如……就……”。
(2) 祈使句＋or/otherwise＋简洁句，可译为“……否则……”。
(3) 名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简洁句，可译为“假如再……就……”。
(2022·高考大纲全国卷)Call me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.
明天给我打电话，我会让你知道试验结果的。
2．感叹句的固定句式
(1) What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！＝How＋形容词＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(形容词)＋不行数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3) How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
(4) How＋主语＋谓语！
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严峻的问题。
3．反意疑问句
(1)祈使句的反意疑问句
①确定的祈使句，简短问句用will you/won’t you。
②否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。
③Let’s...，shall we?
④Let us...，will you?
(2)主从复合句的反意疑问句，与主句的主谓语保持全都。但当陈述部分是I/We think/believe/expect/suppose加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持全都。
There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，is there?
毫无疑问，你认为他是无辜的。莫非不是吗？
温馨提示　当陈述部分为否定式，反意疑问部分为确定式时，其回答往往与汉语不全都，要特殊留意！
—Tom doesn’t know it，does he?
——汤姆不知道这事，对吧？
—No，he doesn’t./Yes，he does.
——对，他不知道。/不，他知道。

(2022·高考重庆卷)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you?
A．mustn’t　　　　　　　 B．haven’t
C．didn’t　　　　　　　 D．hadn’t
解析：选C。考查反意疑问句。句意：——去年夏天，我在伦敦度过了两个星期。——那么，在此期间你确定参观了英国博物馆，是不是？must have done结构在句中表示对过去事情的推想，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种状况： (1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“haven’t/hasn’t...”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“didn’t...？”。依据题干中的过去时间状语last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑问句的结构应用其次种状况。
五、主谓全都

含all，most，half，rest等的名词词组作主语，所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数；反之，用单数。
①All of my classmates work hard.
②All of the water is up now.
在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语全都。
Between the two windows hangs a picture.
用and或both...and连接并列主语，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数。若and连接的两个单数主语指同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。
①The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.
②Both my brother and my sister are workers.
主语后面接连接性短语时，谓语动词的数与主语的数保持全都。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。
①Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.
②She，like you and Betty，is very clever.
以or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与就近的名词或代词全都。
①Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
②Are not only you but also he wrong？
lots of，plenty of，a great/large number of等以及分数、百分数表示“很多”，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。(large) quantities of修饰可数名词或不行数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；a(large)quantity of作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于后面的名词。
①There are large quantities of food in the shop.
②A number of students like English very much.
the number of＋复数名词，the amount of＋不行数名词等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The amount of money spent on the project is great.
many a＋名词单数，more than one＋名词单数，“no/each/every/many a＋名词单数＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
①Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
②More than one question was raised.
当其他名词性从句或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
What he said leaves much for us to think about.

1．(2022·高考湖南卷)All we need ________a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A．are　　　　　　　 B．was
C．is　　　　　　　 D．were
解析：选C。考查主谓全都和时态。句意：我们所需要的就是一小块地而已，在那里我们可以在整个作物生长期内栽种各种各样的果树。当all，all of，half of，the rest of，most of及“百分数或分数＋of”等后接名词作主语时，句子谓语动词形式依据其后的名词而定。而依据句中的All we need可知，这里说的是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。
2．(2021·高考江苏卷)Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others________essential to their development.
A．is 　　　　　　　 B．are
C．was 　　　　　　　 D．were
解析：选A。句意：一般说来，别人对其期望值高的同学，他们的内在动机对自身的进展是至关重要的。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语部分为students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心词inner motivation明显为第三人称单数。再依据generally(一般说来)推断该句话讲的是通常状况，所以用一般现在时。解答该类题目的关键在于找准中心词。

1．(2021·合肥质量检测)—________you got Wang Feng’s autograph photo?
—Didn’t you know I went to his live concert？See？Easy!
A．How it was　　　　　　　 B．When it was that
C．How was it that　　　　　 D．When was it
解析：选C。考查强调句型的特殊疑问句。句意：——你怎么会有汪峰亲笔签名的照片的？——莫非你不知道我去他的现场演唱会了吗？看到了吗？很简洁！依据答句可知，此处解释了答话人是如何拥有汪峰亲笔签名的照片的，故用引导词how。结合句中的时态可知应用一般过去时。由强调句型的特殊疑问句形式“特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋从句”可知，C项正确。
2．(2021·安徽合肥名校试验部高三模拟)It was not the word you said________angered Mr. Zhang，but ________ you said it.
A．that；how　　　　　　　 B．which；what
C．that；that　　　　　　　 D．which；why
解析：选A。考查强调句和名词性从句。句意：不是你说的话激怒了张老师，而是你说话的方式(激怒了他)。第一空填“that”，与It was构成强调句型；其次空填how，how表方式，在此引导名词性从句。
3．(2021·湖南部分重点中学联考)When we________a mistake，we must correct it fully，openly，and as quickly as possible.
A．do make　　　　　　　 B．don’t make
C．making　　　　　　　 D．not making
解析：选A。考查强调句。句意：当我们的确犯错误时，我们必需尽快地、公开地并完全地改正它。在谓语动词前面加一个助动词do，表示强调。
4．(2021·湖南湘潭模拟)Only after the teacher explained it to me a second time ________ the question.
A．I did understand　　　　　　　 B．did I understand
C．I had understood　　　　　　　 D．had I understood
解析：选B。考查倒装句。句意：只有在老师向我再次解释以后我才明白这个问题。“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，且依据explained可知，用一般过去时，故选B项。
5．To my great surprise，there at the door________trembling in wet clothes.
A．stood a girl　　　　　　　 B．a girl stood
C．did a girl stand　　　　　 D．had a girl stood
解析：选A。考查倒装句。句意：让我很吃惊的是，门口站着一个正在颤抖的女孩，衣服湿透了。介词短语置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子要用全部倒装，即“介词短语＋谓语＋主语”结构。故选A项。
6．(2021·天津六校联考)________，they couldn’t make her change her mind.
A．Hard as they tried　　　　　　　 B．Tried hard as they
C．As they tried hard　　　　　　　 D．They tried as hard
解析：选A。考查倒装句。句意：尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她转变方法。as引导让步状语从句时可以把状语或者表语放于句子的前面，接受部分倒装的形式，故选A项。
7．(2021·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if________for television，would be a hit.
A．adapted　　　　　　　 B．being adapted
C．to be adapted　　　　　　 D．having been adapted
解析：选A。考查省略。此处为条件状语从句中的省略，省略了主语及系动词，补全后为if it was adapted for television，因此选择A。
8．(2021·陕西长安一中、高新一中等五校模拟)Hey，look at your pale face；you must have stayed up late last night，________？
A．have you　　　　　　　 B．haven’t you
C．did you　　　　　　　 D．didn’t you
解析：选D。考查反意疑问句。句意：嘿，看看你苍白的脸色，你昨天晚上确定熬夜了，是不是？由句中的“must have stayed up late last night”可知，此处是对过去状况的确定推想，故附加问句应用否定形式didn’t you。
9．Each of the students who________coming to the party ________ bringing a gift.
A．is；are　　　　　　　 B．are；is
C．have；is　　　　　　　 D．are；have been
解析：选B。考查主谓全都。句意：来参与聚会的每个同学都会带来一份礼物。先行词“the students”在定语从句中作主语，表示复数概念，所以定语从句中的谓语动词用复数；主语“Each of the students”作整个主句的主语，表示单数概念，所以主句中的谓语动词用单数。故选B项。
10．(2021·湖南五市十校联合检测)You should be fully prepared before going walking in the mountain.Above all，________plenty of drinking water with you.
A．to bring　　　　　　　 B．brought
C．bringing　　　　　　　 D．bring
解析：选D。考查祈使句。句意：去山里闲逛     之前你应当做好充分的预备。最重要的是要带足够多的饮用水。分析句子结构及语境可知后一句缺少谓语，故选D项。此处为祈使句结构。
11．I don’t believe you can do today’s job with yesterday’s methods and be in tomorrow’s business，________？
A．do I　　　　　　　 B．don’t I
C．can you　　　　　　　 D．can’t you
解析：选C。考查反意疑问句。在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分是“I don’t think/suppose/expect/believe等＋宾语从句”结构时，附加问句应与从句全都，同时要留意陈述部分的否定转移现象。分析本题的句子结构可知应选C。
12．Then________，each waiting for the other to let the cat out of the bag.
A．did the silence come　　　　　　　 B．came the silence
C．the silence coming　　　　　　　 D．the silence came
解析：选B。考查倒装句。在题干中，副词“Then”位于句首时，句子应使用全部倒装结构，由此可排解未使用倒装的C、D两项；A项为部分倒装形式，也可排解；B项为全部倒装结构。
13．So well________that she has won her first Australian Open title in Melbourne.
A．was Li Na performed　　　　　 B．Li Na has performed
C．did Li Na perform　　　　　　　 D．Li Na is performing
解析：选C。考查倒装和时态。句意：李娜的表现如此好，她已在墨尔本赢得了自己的第一个澳网冠军。so...that...引导的状语从句， so强调的部分位于句首时，其后的主句部分要用部分倒装形式，故排解B、D两项；李娜和perform是主动关系，并且此处表示发生在过去的事情，故排解A项而选C项。
14．(2021·成都第一次诊断)Don’t press the red button，________you will set off the alarm.
A．but　　　　　　　 B．or
C．so　　　　　　　 D．and
解析：选B。考查祈使句。句意：不要按红色按钮，不然警报就会拉响。在固定句式“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中，祈使句相当于一个条件，符合该条件就会有后面的结果，就用连词and；不符合该条件就不会有后面的结果，就用连词or。故B项正确。
15．—Hey！Here is a message on my cellphone，telling me that I have won first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.
—Delete it！It’s a trick.Many a person________by such tricks.
A．has been cheated　　　　　 B．have been cheated
C．were cheated　　　　　　 D．was cheated
解析：选A。考查动词的时态、语态和主谓全都。句意：——嘿，我手机上有一个短信，告知我已获得巴黎周末双人游的大奖。——删掉吧，那是个骗局。很多人被这样的短信骗过。“many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，表示复数的含义，依据句意可知，很多人已经被骗过，故用现在完成时的被动语态。