2021年高考英语二轮名校精讲精练讲义-专题-完形填空经典精讲(上).docx

完形填空经典精讲（上）
主讲老师：李俊和 北京四中英语教研组长
开篇语
题型说明
完形填空是综合考察语言学问和语言力气的试题。它的具体特征是：
1、一般是一篇故事性的短文，难度相当于高中第一册课文。
2、文章长度为200-250词左右。
3、挖空20个，空格之间的平均间隔为9个词左右。
4、文章的第一句话一般不留空。
5、每空的备选答案主要是单个的词，超过一个词的只有1-2个。
6、意思的考核代替了纯粹的语法学问的考核。
7、具有后线索的特征。
8、具有连环题的特点。
9、需要填充的词重点是实词。以名词和动词为主。
金题精讲
题一：
From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. And in each lunch, I 21 a note. Often written on a napkin (餐巾), it might be a thank-you for a 22 moment, a reminder of something we were happily expecting, or a bit of 23 for the coming test or sporting event.
In early grade school they 24 their notes. But as children grow older they become self-conscious(有自我意识的), and 25 he reached high school, my older son, Marc, informed me he no longer 26 my daily notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to 27 them but I still needed to write them, I 28 until the day he graduated.
Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move 29 for a couple of months. He had spent those years well, graduating from college, 30 two internship (实习) in Washington, D.C., and 31 , becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. 32 short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was 33 happy to have Marc back. Since I was 34 making lunch for his younger brother, I 35 one for Marc, too. Imagine my 36 when I got a call from my 24-year-old son, 37 his lunch.
“Did I do something 38 ? Don’t you love me 39 , Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I 40 asked him what was wrong.
“My note, Mom,” he answered. “Where’s my note?”
21. A. carried B. found C. included D. held
22. A. difficult B. special C. comfortable D. separate
23. A. congratulation B. improvement C. explanation D. encouragement
24. A. loved B. answered C. wrote D. examined
25. A. lately B. by the way C. by the time D. gradually
26. A. received B. understood C. enjoyed D. collected
27. A. copy B. read C. take D. send
28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued
29. A. out B. home C. to college D. to Sacramento
30. A. organizing B. planning C. comparing D. completing
31. A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly
32. A. Because of B. Instead of C. Except for D. As for
33. A. especially B. immediately C. equally D. generally
34. A. once B. again C. still D. even
35. A. packed B. fetched C. bought D. filled
36. A. fear B. surprise C. anger D. disappointment
37. A. waiting for B. worrying about C. caring for D. asking about
38. A. wrong B. funny C. strange D. smart
39. A. any more B. enough C. once more D. better
40. A. interestingly B. bitterly C. politely D. laughingly
做完形填空题要依据什么来推断
题一：
依据环境特点
Tom is not interested in sea food, so he didn’t eat much ________ that day.
A. vegetables B. flounder（比目鱼）
依据因果关系
He was badly ill, so he was ________.
A. present B. absent
依据转折线索
He was badly ill, however, he was ________.
A. present B. absent
依据让步连词
He didn’t ____the test, though he worked hard.
A. pass B. fail
依据动作挨次
After she wrote the letter, she ________ it and then ________ it.
A. posted/ signed B. signed/ posted
依据事物用途
I like my ________, which gives me great help in the rain.
A. umbrella B. bike C. Pot
依据反义词
He used to be lazy. But now he is quite ________.
A. hardworking B. handsome
依据同义词
He made a lot of mistakes in the last test. This time we can still find ________ a few in his paper.
A. quite B. only
依据比较句型
We are shorter than he, so he is the ________ among us.
A. tallest B. shortest
依据从一般到个别推理原则
He is very clever, so he ______get the answer.
A. can B. can’t
解题要领
要想有效地做好完形填空题，应当遵循以下原则：
整体性原则：一篇文章就是一个整体，有自己的内容、组织结构和语言特点，即使文中删掉了一些词语，但仍给同学供应了足够的线索、情景和信息，读后仍能给同学一个整体印象。因此，对于同学来说第一个步骤应当是跳过空格通读全文，初步了解文章大意，断定文章的体裁和基本内容。这样才能做到心中有数、有的放矢地答题，提高答题的精确率。
连贯性原则：正像句子不是把词任凭积累起来的一样，文章也不是把句子任凭排列在一起的。词与词之间、句与句之间、主句与从句之间，均有确定的连接性，这种连接是一种合乎规律的连接，既有确定的挨次，又有其特定的线索。因此，同学在做题时必需始终留意上下文、词与词之间从意义到语法上的合理搭配。
具体留意：
1、答题前务必粗读完型填空的全文，以便了解大意。
2、细读第一句，由于第一句一般不挖空，可得到较多信息。
3、第一遍做题争取填出有把握的空，约占三分之一。
4、其次遍做题则逐个解决，只留下个别不会的题。
5、充分留意文中连接词语的含义与作用，细心品尝全文脉络。
6、有时可依据动作挨次来推断。
7、时间关系是推断的又一依据。
8、借助上下文中的同义词确定答案。
9、借助上下文中的反义词来推断。
10、利用构词法学问理解生疏词。
11、留意后线索的现象，答案的提示不愿定在前边。
12、谨防连环题，各题答案之间有确定联系。
13、打算好答案后要留意不但在单句中合理、从全文看也合理。
14、实在不会的要猜，不要不填。
15、短文结尾经常是点睛之笔，说明全文的中心，应认真体会。
提高措施
1、阅读是解完型填空的首要力气。它是做好完形填空的基础。读得不好，单纯练完形填空永久也提高不了。
2、写作与完型也是不行分的。会造句，会写小短文，会笔头表达自己的思想，是做好完形填空的重要条件。
3、起点要低，不行操之过急。练习完形填空，应从较短、较简洁的文章入手，不要一上来就做高考模拟试题。有时可练不带选项的短文填空，这有助于增加猜词的力气。多练由记叙文编成的完型填空。完型填空的训练应主要放在总复习的后期，由于没有大量阅读和写作训练做铺垫，完型填空是练不好的。
4、把握好常用词汇的基本用法，包括词性、词义、搭配和辨析。还要学好高考考试说明上规定的构词法学问，尤其是各地考试说明上要求重点把握的5个前缀和17个后缀。
5、努力提高自己的思维力气。学会观看、分析、推断、推理、综合与概括。
合理的推断与联想很重要。做完形填空题时必需要依据短文概括出全文的主要内容和所要说明的哲理，并能通过已知内容来推断未知内容，推断出的结果即最终确定的选项必需符合短文各部分的规律联系，最好地揭示短文主题。
完形填空经典精讲（上）
讲义参考答案
金题精讲
题一：21-25 CBDAC 26-30 CBDBD 31-35 BCACA 36-40BDAAD
做完形填空题要依据什么来推断
题一：
依据环境特点 B 依据因果关系 B 依据转折线索 A 依据让步连词 A
依据动作挨次 B 依据事物用途 A 依据反义词 A 依据同义词 A
依据比较句型 A 依据从一般到个别推理原则 A