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2022届高三牛津版英语一轮复习全书讲义-第二部分第八讲定语从句-.docx
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1、第八讲定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句who人主语、宾语(2022高考新课标全国卷)And then,how many adults,who now complain (埋怨) about the long drives to work,eagerly drove for hours at a time when they first obtained their drivers licenses(执照)?然而,有多少最初拿到驾照的时候是很渴望开车几个小时的成年人也埋怨开车上班时间长。whom人宾语(2022高考山东卷)Four days later An
2、n was still looking after the dog,whom they had started to call Riley.四天后,安还在照看他们开头叫它Riley的狗。that人或物主语、宾语、表语(不引导非限制性定语从句)A plane is a machine that can fly.I dont know the man (that) you mentioned.which物主语、宾语(2022高考湖南卷)Over the years, Ive learned to iron shirts skillfully, which gives me a sense of p
3、ride.几年来,我已经学会了娴熟的熨衣服的技巧,这使我感到傲慢。whose人或物定语Do you know the boy whose father (the father of whom/of whom the father) is an engineer?He lives in a house whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows)face south.(2022高考江西卷)Among the many dangers_ sailors have to face,probably the greatest of a
4、ll is fog.AwhichBwhatCwhereDwhen 解析:选A。考查定语从句。句意:在这些水手们必需面对的众多危急中,或许最大的危急是雾。which在此引导定语从句,修饰先行词many dangers,在从句中作face的宾语。扫一扫进入91导学网()关系代词的用法二、只用that,which的状况情况用法说明例句只用that的状况(1)先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时;(2)先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时;(3)先行词由形容词最高级和序
5、数词修饰时;(4)先行词既指人又指物时;(5)先行词被the only,the very修饰时。He told me everything that he knows.All the books that you offered have been given out.This is the best film that I have ever seen.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.He is the only man that I want to see.只用which的状况当主句的主语是疑问词who或w
6、hich时。在非限制性定语从句中,只用which。My cousin Tina serves as a translator, which is quite popular in some foreign business firms.1(2021高考江苏卷)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.AwhereBwhichCwhatDwhen解析:选B。句意:世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始
7、于他的儿童时代。本题考查定语从句。先行词是a passion for China,在定语从句中作start的宾语,要用关系代词,所以选B项。2(2022高考陕西卷)Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.AthatBwhichCasDwhat解析:选A。考查定语从句。句意:请把你有的有关申请那个职位的人的全部信息发给我们。分析题意和句子结构可知,you have about the candidate for the position作定语修饰前面的informatio
8、n。选择什么样的引导词,关键是分析先行词以及定语从句中缺少什么成分。what不能引导定语从句,故排解D项。句中have是一个及物动词,由此可以看出定语从句中缺少宾语,故用关系代词。又由于information被all修饰,所以不能用which作关系代词,再排解B项。三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句when(at/on/in/during which)时间时间状语We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.where(at/in whi
9、ch)地点地点状语(2021高考新课标全国卷)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.why(for which)缘由缘由状语I dont know the reason why(for which)he was late.温馨提示(1)the way作先行词,当它在从句中充当方式状语时,其后的关系词可以是in which,that或省略;(2)当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。The way(that/in which) he explained th
10、e sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(状语)比较:The way (that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.(宾语)当先行词是situation,stage,process,activity,case,condition等,且关系词在从句中作状语时,要用关系副词where,作主语、宾语用which或that。(2021芜湖一中模拟)A house bubble is an economic situation which occurs when house prices rise
11、 much too fast. (2021高考浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform where visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.先行词为occasions,当“时机”讲时,用关系副词when;当“场合”讲时,用关系副词where。Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.1(2022高考湖南卷)I
12、am looking forward to the day _my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.AasBwhyCwhenDwhere解析:选C。考查定语从句。句意:我期盼着有一天,我的女儿能读懂这本书,并能理解我对她的感情。本句中含有定语从句,先行词是the day,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when引导定语从句。2(2022高考福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities _they can gain expe
13、rience for growth.AwhoBwhenCwhichDwhere解析:选D。考查定语从句。句意:同学们应当乐观参与社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的阅历。分析句子结构可知,本句的先行词是community activities,将其移到后面的定语从句中为:they can gain experience for growth (in) community activities,由此可知关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用where引导。扫一扫进入91导学网()关系副词when,where,why四、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句介词关系代词名(代)词介词whi
14、ch/whomPlease pass me the book,the cover of which is blue.数词/形容词最高级ofwhich/whomHe has ten cousins,the youngest of whom is clever.介词(短语)which/whom(2022高考天津卷)Our class is made up of 52 students, all of whom are friendly and hard working. 我们班有52名同学,他们都很友好,学习很努力。介词which/whose名词(2022高考江西卷)A safari park i
15、s a park in which wild animals are kept.南非动物园是养动物的地方。I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have got this far.温馨提示(1)“复合介词短语关系代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。I can see a mountain in the distance,on the top of which stands an old temple dating from the Ming
16、Dynasty.(2)不常见的“介词关系副词”结构,如from where,since when等,意思上相当于from there,since then。I came here in 1949,since when I have been engaged in this work.我1949年到这里,从那时起我就从事这项工作。China is the birth place of kites,from where kite flying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.中国是风筝的家乡,从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。(2022高考
17、天津卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,_ uses it differently.Aall of whichBeach of whichCall of themDeach of them解析:选B。考查定语从句及主谓全都。句意:英语是一种被好几种不同文化共享的语言,每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先依据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式知,空格处需用单数名词或代词,可从B、D两项中选择(A项和C项中的all示意空格后用use);再依据uses是谓语动词知空格处是主语,只有B项each of w
18、hich能作主语,由此本句构成了定语从句。若选D项each of them,空格前后两部分需用转折连词but连接,即构成but each of them uses,或用独立主格结构each of them using it differently。五、as引导的定语从句定语从句区别例句as引导限制性定语从句(1)“the same.that”that修饰的名词与原物是同一个;(2)“the same.as.”as修饰的是与先行词同类型的一个东西。This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.(同一个书包)This is the same bag as I
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