2021年高考英语二轮精讲精练讲义-专题-听力经典精讲(上)-.docx

听力经典精讲（上）
主讲老师：林斌 北京八十中学英语高级老师
开篇语
本讲在高中学习中的地位及考查形式：

主要考点梳理
听力的考查方式
场景题型
⑴地点题型
⑵时间题型
⑶人物关系题型
⑷职业推断题型
推断题型
建议题型听取信息（新题型）

场景题型地点题型。
常见的提问形式有：
①Where does this conversation probably take place?
②Where did it happen?
③Where is. . . ?
④What kind of store is she going to?
例如：
Where does the conversation take place?
A.In the library.
B.In the office.
C.In the bookstore.
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
A.In a restaurant.
B.In a grocery
C.In a library.

时间题型。常见的提问方式有：
①When does the conversation take place？
②When does the man want to leave？
③How long did it take the man to write his paper？
④When did the football match start？

When did the man probably leave the gate?
A.At 12：00. B.At 12：30. C.At 1：00.
What time does the last train start for Oxford?
A.At 8：35 am
B.At 8：35 pm
C.At 7：25 pm

人物关系题型。常见的提问形式是：
What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
What is the relationship between the two speakers?
A.Doctor and patient.
B.Teacher and student.
C.Boss and employee.

职业推断题型。常见的提问形式有：
① What's the woman's job?
② What's the profession (职业)of the man?
③ Who is the woman probably speaking to?
1. What is the man?
A. A taxi driver . B.A bus driver.
C. A cinema manager.

推断题型
常见的提问形式有：
①What do we learn from the conversation?
②What does the conversation tell us?
③Why can't the woman find the book?
④What is the man doing?
⑤What will the weather be like?
⑥What's their opinion of Linda's brother?
⑦What does the man mean?
⑧What can we conclude from the man's reply?
⑨What happened to the woman?
⑩What was the consequence of the accident?

What is the man doing?
A. Asking for help.
B. Making suggestions .
C. Showing the way.

What are they talking about?
A. A book. B. An American. C. A club.
建议题型
What does the woman suggest?
A. Seeing the movie.
B. Going to bed early.
C. Staying up till eleven.

听取信息
Details of the Job Interview
Name
Mr. Carter Bragg
Telephone No.
8956061
What the man can do
·Speak English and Spanish.
·Use a 16 .
·Swim.
·Work as a 17 in the restaurant.
·Like working with 18 .
Work Time
Every day, except 19 .
Payment
About $ 20 a day.
听力考试留意事项
数字。
数字型试题主要考查数字，包括数量、年龄、时间、价格等，可以毁灭在听力考试的全部题型中。针对不同的数字型试题，考生可以实行记录、推断以及推断等不同技巧进行答题。
提示1：如对电话号码、门牌号、航班号、车牌号等，考生可实行听写记录所需数字。
提示2：对推断类数字题需要在听到的两个或两个以上数字中推断符合题意的数字。
提示3：对推断类数字题则通常涉及到简洁的数学四则运算，需稍加计算，才能得出正确答案。
由于听力材料中往往会毁灭干扰内容，这就要求考生认真听清原文，对数字格外敏感，任何数字数据都需要精确记录并能理清不同数字的来龙去脉。
地点。
地点型试题主要考查地点，该项内容的考查多为以where开头的特殊疑问句，如： Where does the conversation most probably take place?（这段对话最可能发生在什么场合？）解这类试题时，我们需要有一些积累和推断。
提示1：生疏、积累常用地名，如国家、首都、大城市、出名的标志性建筑以及出名山川河流的名称等。
提示2：生疏、积累与各个地点场全部关的单词、短语、句型和场景。
提示3：依据对话内容，结合生活常识进行规律推断，从而得知对话发生地点。
由于地点型试题可能毁灭在填空中，因此考生还需要留意地点名称的大小写，做到拼写精确规范。
推断。
推断型试题不仅包括推断数字和地点，还常考查同学对人物身份、关系、人物态度、情感以及大事缘由的推断。一般来说，此类题通常毁灭在短对话中。

提示1：平常生疏、积累不同人物身份及人物关系所对应的单词、短语、句型和场景，测试时依据对话内容所供应的称呼语、关键词，结合生活常识进行推断。
提示2：生疏、积累不同语音语调所表达的不同意思，以及特定单词、短语和句型所表达的隐含信息，进行精确推断。
提示3：认真听清大事发生的全部过程及前因后果，去粗取精，去伪存真，才能找出大事发生的真正缘由。
主题内容。
主题型试题主要考查同学对短对话或短文独白的主要内容的把握力气。同学需要抓住关键字或主题句，依据所获得的关键信息，进行分析概括主题。
听力训练的几个留意事项
听力力气的提高必需要进行听力训练。但是听力是受到多种因素制约的，一味地追求听录音的时间，不留意语言力气的培育，不讲究听力训练的策略的话，是很难有效提高自己的听力水平的。因此，建议考生高考复习时在听力训练上留意把握以下几个方面：
培育正确的语音和语言技能。考生必需把握单词的正确发音，要能正确区分单词的重读、弱读、爆破及失去爆破，学会辨别句子的连读、节奏以及语调的变化。
坚持听说训练。每天坚持确定时间量的练习，形式可以是多种多样的，如大声朗读课文或其他阅读材料，边听磁带边朗读，做些听写单词、句子和短文填空之类的练习，也可以与同学一起练习对话等等。同是对大脑感官的刺激，听与说是相辅相成的。
留意语篇较长的听力技巧训练。在听较长的语篇时要留意整体的把握。留意的焦点应当是整个语篇的大意，而不是在个别词语上。不要强迫听清每一个词，要把重点放在听关键词即实词上，一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词登记来。留意重复的词语，这些词通常会给你一些线索，还会帮你回忆起在题目中听过的人名和事物等名称。留意听短文的首句和首段，文章的开首和开首段，这些往往是对短文内容的概括，如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。
答题时学会利用听录音前的时间，快速地捕获每个小题题干选项所供应的信息，猜想短文或对话可能涉及到的内容，这样听录音材料时就有的放矢，有所侧重，提高答题的精确率。
留意各选项中的主要区分。考生可能会看到一些不同的名字或地点或不同的动词，这些不同之处将会帮你确定这道题中哪些是要听的关键，即关键词。
听力常见词汇及句型
重要词汇：
reserve/reservation, reception/receptionist/reception desk, register/registration/book
名词：rent, style, reservation, conference, grades, return flights, accommodation, details, destination, flat/apartment, section, a king’s room, shower, deadline
动词：reserve, spare, register, sign, appreciate
形容词：available, amazing, scaring, boring, incredible, grand, extra, awful, digital, punctual
副词：definitely, down, though, slightly
词组：check out, start off, look into, now that, in a long run, on behalf of, bound for, apart from, tour/scenic spots, take/leave a message, drop in on/at, put sb. at ease, drop sb. off, in stock
句型：
1.Then all set?
2.Take your time.
3.Anything but cheap.
4.No wonder…
5.It’s a deal.
6.You’re kidding.
7.Can we make it…?
8.That’s the way it is.
9.It depends.
10.It’s not intended for scientists, either.
北京听力新题型
重点是要留意要有对听力材料进行加工整理的意识，5道听力听写题中至少有一道是这样的题型。留意大小写，名词单复数，动词的适当形式等。
另外，对于单词的拼写确定要重视，例如：
星期：Saturday, Wednesday
月份：February, November
职业：clerk, accountant, receptionist, secretary
地点：reception desk, gym, café, clinic
人名：Johnson, Stevenson, Margaret
其它: optimistic, environment, receive, belief…
听力题中听取信息必备词汇
星期
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
月份
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
一般人名/姓
Mary, John, Tom, George, Susan, David, James, Jack, Jane…Smith, Brown, Taylor, Johnson, White, Williams, Black…
常见国家/人民/语言
America-American-American
Canada-Canadian-Canadian
Australia-Australian-Australian
Austria-Austrian-Austrian (奥地利)
Brazil-Brazilian-Brazilian
Denmark-Danish-Dane
Egypt-Egyptian-Egyptian
France- Frenchman/Frenchwoman - French
Germany-German(s)-German
Britain-British-British
Greece-Greek-Greek
Holland-Dutchman-Dutch
India-Indian-Indian
Indonesia-Indonesian-Indonesian
Iran-Iranian-Iranian
Iraq-Iraqi-Iraqi
Ireland-Irish-Irish
Italy-Italian-Italian
Korea-Korean-Korean
Mexico-Mexican-Mexican
Singapore-Singaporean-Singaporean
Spain-Spaniard-Spanish
Poland-Pole-Polish
Russia-Russian-Russian
常见城市
London, New York, Athens(雅典)，Boston, Chicago, Hong Kong, Macao, Seattle, Tokyo,
Soul(首尔)，Toronto, Washington, Ottawa(渥太华), Vancouver (温哥华)，Paris, Berlin(柏林),
Moscow(莫斯科), Sydney(悉尼)
七大洲/四大洋
Asian, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica(南极洲)，Oceania(大洋洲)
Pacific, Atlantic(大西洋)，Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean
科目名称
Physics(物理), Chemistry (化学),
Biology(生物), Politics(政治), History(历史), Geography(地理) , Maths (数学)
天气状况常用词
weather report, wet, warm, cloudy, grey(阴天), sunny, snowy, dark, rainy, icy, foggy, storm，windy, fine, sunshine, snow, heavy rain, strong wind, cold , cool, hot, spring, summer, autumn/fall, winter
旅馆、餐厅常用词
book a bed, go Dutch（各付各的帐）, tip, soup, menu, pay the bill, food, beef, fish, egg, soup, dumpling, soft drink, steak, main dish(主菜)，waiter, waitress, wine, soft drink, salad, order, fast food shop, reception desk， restaurant, a single/double room, check in（登记）, check out（退房）
商场、超市常用词
do some shopping, salesman, saleswoman, shopping cart (购物手推车)，price tag（价格标签）, fashion, men’s suit, department store, supermarket, on sale
（减价出售）,check-out counter（付账台）, size, color, T-shirt, shirt, sweater, shoes, trousers, jacket, shop assistant,try on, style（款式）
银行、邮局常用词
bank, money, bank officer, check, interest(利息),
credit card（信用卡），mail, postage（邮资）, envelop, stamp, cash, post office, airmail, package, letter, savings account(储蓄存款账户)
学校、家庭常用词
homework, exam, test, mid-term/ final examination, marks, text book, playground, department, Bachelor’s degree, Master’s degree, Doctor’s degree, campus, lecture, dormitory, semester, term, dining-hall, swimming-pool, courses, foreign language, gym,
housewife, housework, bed-room, kitchen, waiting-room, dining-room, sofa, chair, table, dressing-table, cupboard(厨柜), furniture
机场、车站等交通常用词：
luggage, baggage, airline, airport, passport, check, railway/train station, express train(快车), platform, sleeping car, seat belt, take off, land, boarding card（登机卡）, Gate 1, flight number(班机号码),
nonstop flight(直达航班)， arrival time, conductor, ticket office, plane, passenger; warning light, road sign, motorway, one-way(单程的), round-trip(双程的)
图书馆、阅览室常用词：
library, reading-room, renew（续借）, book-shelf, novel, story-book, picture-book, fine(v.罚款), newspaper, magazine, reference book
办公室常用词：
computer, typewriter, copy, make a phone call, arrange an appointment, secretary, manager
人与人关系的常用词：
father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother, nephew(侄子, 外甥), cousin, niece, children, grandchildren, grandson, uncle, aunt, teacher, student, friend, enemy, husband, wife, neighbor, girlfriend, boyfriend, classmate, workmate, boss
职业常用词：
student, teacher, worker, engineer, doctor, nurse, professor, actor, actress, waiter, waitress, player, film-maker, director, tailor(裁缝), cleaner, writer, singer, dancer, conductor售票员(市内有轨电车或公共汽车), salesman, saleswoman, sailor, dentist(牙医)
医院常用词：
pain, cough, fever, a headache, stomachache, temperature, heart, lung, blood-pressure, take medicine, pills, toothache