2021高考英语语法填空、阅读类训练(11)及答案(含短文改错).docx

2021高考英语语法填空、阅读类训练（11）及答案（含短文改错）
语法填空。
　　阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　(原创)The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2021 is awarded to the Canadian author Alice Munro, “master of the contemporary short story”.
　　Canada’s Alice Munro—　1　(call)the“master of the contemporary short story”—won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences announced Thursday.
The prize committee compared the 82-year-old author　2　Anton Chekhov, the 19th century Russian　3　is considered one of the greatest short story writers in history.
　　She’s the first Canadian-based writer　4　(win)the literature award. Saul Bellow, who won it in 1976, was born in Quebec but moved to the United States as a child and is regarded as　5　U. S. author.
Munro is the 13th woman to receive the literature prize.
“On behalf of all Canadians, ”Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper said in a tweet, “　6　(congratulation)to Alice Munro. ”
After the prestigious award　7　(announce), the Nobel committee said on Twitter that it hadn’t been able to contact Munro and left a phone message to tell　8　the good news. But The Canadian Press contacted her, and she was quoted as saying the award was“quite wonderful”and she was“　9　(terrible)surprised”.
　　“I knew I was in the running, yes, 　10　I never thought I would win, ”she said, according to a Toronto Star story quoting The Canadian Press.
【文章大意】诺贝尔奖官方宣布, 2021年诺贝尔文学奖授予加拿大女作家爱丽丝·门罗, 颁奖词称其为“当代短篇小说大师”。
1. 【解析】called。考查过去分词。call和规律主语Alice Munro之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态作定语。
2. 【解析】to。考查介词。compare. . . to . . . 把……比作……。本句句意是: 组委会把这位82岁的女作者比作19世纪俄国作家契诃夫。
3. 【解析】who。考查关系代词。who引导定语从句修饰Anton Chekhov, the 19th century Russian, 并在从句中作主语。
4. 【解析】to win。考查不定式。the first / second. . . 后要接不定式作定语。
5. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处是泛指一位美国作家, 应用不定冠词表泛指。
6. 【解析】congratulations。考查名词。表示庆贺时, 应用congratulation的复数形式。
7. 【解析】was announced。考查被动语态。announce和award之间是被动关系, 且是发生在过去的事情, 应用一般过去时的被动语态。
8. 【解析】her。考查人称代词。指代上文中提到的Munro。
9. 【解析】terribly。考查副词。修饰形容词(surprised), 应用副词。
10. 【解析】but。考查连词。句意: 我知道我有期望, 但我从来没想过会获奖。上下文之间是转折关系, 应用but连接。

【福建省福州市2022高考英语3月质检试题】
完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a teacher．I often make it a rule that when we are on a field trip，there will be no talking as
we enter a building．This rule 36 to entering any place，whether it is a cinema，a church，a theatre, or any other place．
Once，in New York City，I took my class to see a(n) 37 near Times Square．When we
arrived at the theatre，there were about twenty other classes 38 outside waiting to get in．The students from the other schools were not 39 and there was pandemonium(乌烟瘴气)．I told my students to stay in a line and keep 40 ．I told them that we would not carry ourselves like those other 41 ．Soon we started to file into the theatre，and it was very disorganized．There was a 42 the groups and get them to their seats，43 students were everywhere and 44 really knew where to go．My class，observing our rule，walked in 45
in two single-file lines．We stood near the door behind everyone else，and we 46 ．All of a sudden，the lady who was 47 noticed us and she walked 48 our direction．She asked the students 49 the teacher was for our group, and I raised my 50 ．She asked,“Very, very nice to meet you．Come this way．”We were led into the theatre， 51 ，and we were given front-row seats．
Sometimes 52 for others may not seem like it is going to have an effect，especially when you 53 no one around who is taking manners into 54 ．However，that is usually the time when such 55 actions will be most appreciated and recognized．
36．A．leads B．applies C．turns D．belongs
37．A．play B．lady C．teacher D．exhibition
38．A．sorted out B．settled down C．turned away D．lined up
39．A．behaving B．listening C．concentrating D．watching
40．A．order B．contact C．watch D．time
41．A．places B．seats C．classes D．teachers
42．A．scold B．dismiss C．attract D．organize
43．A．and B．but C．so D．while
44．A．anyone B．nobody C．everyone D．somebody
45．A．anxiously B．immediately C．quietly D．hurriedly
46．A．passed B．chatted C．rushed D．waited
47．A．in trouble B．on guard C．in charge D．on business
48．A．in B．to C．for D．under
49．A．how B．where C．what D．whether
50．A．voice B．arm C．head D．hand
51．A．finally B．somehow C．first D．instead
52．A．respect B．love C．concern D．support
53．A．receive B．visit C．recognize D．meet
54．A．practice B．effect C．account D．operation
55．A．urgent B．kind C．legal D．firm
【参考答案】
36. B 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. A
41. C 42.D 43. B 44. B 45. C
46.D 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. D
51. C 52.A 53. D 54. C 55. B

【阅读理解】
Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people，say skeptics，spread nothing but bad news about the environment.The “eco­guilt”brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity.That book ，The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world”as fine. Of course ，another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry­funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.
So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”
Such one­sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's “preference for unexamined materials is incredible(不行信的)”．
A critical (批判的)eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half­blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.
本文叙述了怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境造成的危胁，认为地球状况是良好的，这迎合了一些追求利益的商业公司。但是关系地球健康的问题是相当重要的，人们确定要严峻 对待。
1. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”？
A. People who agree on the popularity of “eco­guilt”．
B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.
C. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.
D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.
答案：B。细节理解题。依据短文第一段可知，怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境的影响。短文其次段其次句话中提到，他们认为世界的真正状态是好的，由此可知B项正确。
2. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's book?
A．Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.
B．The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.
C．The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.
D．Industry­funded media present confusing information.
答案：A。细节理解题。依据短文其次段最终一句话可知Lomborg的观点与一些由工业资助的组织的观点是相像的。因此可知这些大的组织为了自己的利益也不会留意环保。
3. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to ______.
A. voice a different opinion B. find fault with Lomborg's book
C. challenge the authority of the media D. point out the value of scientific views
答案：A。推理推断题。第三段提到加拿大的一家报纸对Lomborg的书大加赞扬，第四段又提到这片面的观点应当受到挑战，然后说“Nature”杂志上就有不同的评论。由此可知A项正确。
4. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.
B. To warn the public of the danger of half­blindness with reviews.
C. To blame the media's lack of responsibility in presenting information.
D. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.
答案：D。作者意图题。由短文最终一段其次句话可知，媒体应当供应全方位的信息，让人们在了解状况的前提下做出打算。由此可知D项正确。

阅读理解。
Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.
Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.
This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”
Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.
The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.
( ) 1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.
B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.
C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.
D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.
( ) 2. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.
A. affect B. change C. disturb D. reject
( ) 3. According to Harry Morrison, businesses .
A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissions
B. should buy carbon allowances for shoppers
C. are required to make up for their carbon emissions
D. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere
( ) 4. We can learn from the passage that businesses will .
A. have a strong desire to reduce costs
B. use the same logo in their marketing
C. gain advantages by taking early action
D. attract more shoppers by storing goods
【语篇解读】本篇文章为说明文。现在顾客购物已经开头考虑环保的问题。面临顾客环保的心理需求，企业只有主动实行措施，削减排放，才会更好地赢得顾客的信任，进而获得更好的收益
1、答案 D。
【解析】主旨大意题。依据第一段最终一句“However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns”及最终一段第一句可知，企业因购买者的环保意识而去减排。故选D项。K^S*5U.C
2、答案 A。
【解析】词义猜想题。由本段中“while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy”可知，现在三分之二的顾客在购物时对环境的考虑比一年前程度加深了。因此A项符合句子意思
3、答案 A。
解析】推理推断题。依据第四段最终一句“cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand”可以推断出：商业会受益于减排。因此A项符合文章。
4、答案 C。
【解析】推理推断题。依据第五段最终一句“This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers”可知，早实行行动减排的企业可以更好地吸引顾客。因此可以推断出C项。

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
留意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Three years ago, I became a student in an ordinary school． Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom, I find the teachers patient and considerate． However, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class． I decided to make the best for it． I worked hardly and got along well with teachers and classmates． Whenever I had difficulties, they were always available． Soon, I became one of the top student in my class, what greatly increased my confidence and I got more motivated．
My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but that how you use it that determine who you are．
【参考答案】3.
1.disappointing—disappointed 2． find—found
3.However—Besides或Also 4． for—of
5.hardly—hard 6． teachers 前加my或the
7.student—students 8． what—which
9.去掉but后的that 10． determine—determines