八年级下册第一单元知识点总结知识分享.doc

Unit 1 What’s the matter?
语法：情态动词should的用法及反身代词
u 词形变换
1. foot (n.) 脚→ feet（复数）
2. hurt(v.)(使）疼痛；受伤→hurt（过去式）
3. hit (v.)击；打 →hit（过去式）
4. sick (adj.)生病的；有病的→sickneess(n.)疾病
ill (adj.)生病的→illness(n.)疾病
5. climber (n.)登山者 →climb (v.）攀登
6. knife (n.)刀→knives(复数）
7. importance(n.)重要性→important(adj.)重要的
8. decision(n.) 决定；抉择→decide(v.) 决定
u 短语归纳
1. have a cold 感冒 2. have a headache 头痛
3. have a cough 咳嗽 4. have a toothache 牙疼
5. have a fever 发烧 6. have a stomachache 胃痛
7.have a sore throat 喉咙痛 8. have a sore back 背疼
9. have the flu 患流感 10. see a dentist 看牙医
11. get an X-ray 拍X光片 12. take one’s temperature 量体温
13. drink some hot tea with honey 喝带蜂蜜的热茶
14. lie down 躺下 15. take breaks (take a break) 休息
16. all weekend 整个周末 17. in the same way 以同样的方式
18. sound like 听起来像 19. go to a /the doctor 去看医生
20. go along 沿着……走 21. on the side of the road 在马路边
22. shout for help 大声呼救 23. 24-year-old 24岁的
24. get on 上车 （公共汽车） get off 下车（公共汽车）
get into 上小汽车 get out of 下小汽车
25. to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是 26. thanks to 幸亏，由于
27.in time 及时 on time 准时，按时
28.right away=right now=at once 立刻 ，马上
29. get into trouble 陷入麻烦 30. have a nosebleed 流鼻血
31.hit sb. on the +身体硬的部位 hit sb. in the +身体软的部位
32. fall down 跌倒 33. lose one’s life 失去某人的生命
34. take risks (take a risk)冒险 35. cut off 切除
36. get out of离开；从……出来 37. make a decision 作决定
38.be in control of 掌管；管理 39. give up 放弃
40. the importance of … ……的重要性
u 考点集萃
1. enough 的用法：① adj. enough+名词 enough time
②adv. 形容词/副词+enough big enough
She is not old enough to go to school.
= She so young that she can’t go to school. =She is too young to go to school.
2. 询问“某人怎么了”句型
What’s wrong (with sb.) ?=What’s the matter (with sb.) ?
=What’s the trouble with sb.? =What happened to sb.?
3. too much 、too many、 much too 辨析
too much+ 不可数名词 太多……
too many+可数名词 太多……
much too+ 形容词 太……
4. lie 和lay 用法辨析

意思
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
平躺
lay
lain
lying
说谎
lied
lied
lying
lay
放置，下蛋
laid
laid
laying
那个男孩撒谎说有只公鸡（躺）在树下下蛋。
The boy that a cock was under the tree laying eggs .
5. think of, think about, think twice
think of 想起；认为
think about 思考；思索
think twice 认真思考；三思
6.“疼痛”的四种表达方式
①have/has a +表示身体部位的名词+词缀-ache I have a stomachache.
②have/has a sore+表示身体部位的名词 I have a sore stomach.
③表示体部位的名词+hurt(s) My stomach hurts.
④have/has a pain + in + the+表示身体部位的名词 I have a pain in the stomach.
7.with的用法
① “带有；具有” drink some hot tea with honey
②“和……一起”
③“使用”
注：with引导的介词短语置于主语之后时，句中谓语动词的单复数要与该短语前的主语的单复数保持一致（就前原则）
A woman with two children is coming into the shop.
8. surprise、surprised、surprising单词辨析
(n.) to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是…… in surprise 惊奇地
surprise
(v.) surprise sb.使某人吃惊的是
surprised(adj.) be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊奇
(主语是人) be surprised to do sth.做某事感到惊奇
surprising(adj.) “令人惊讶的是”主语通常是物
9. thanks to 和thanks for辨析
thanks to “幸亏，由于” ，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式
thanks for 因……而感谢 ，后跟感谢的原因
10. happen 的用法
① sth. happen(s/ed)+时间/地点 某时/某地发生了某事
② sth. happen(s/ed) to sb. 某人发生了某事
③ sb. happen(s/ed) to do sth. 某要碰巧做某事
11. be used to 习惯于……；适应于
be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于（做）某事
be used to do sth . 被用来做某事
used to do sth . 过去常常做某事
12. run out 和run out of 辨析
sb. run out of sth. =sb. use up sth. 某人用完某物
sth. run out =sth. be used up 某物被用完
13. mean (v.) 意思是；打算；意欲 （meant)
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
meaning(n.)意思 the meaning of ……的意思
meaningless (adj.) 毫无意义的
14. death (n.) 死；死亡 the death of … ……的死亡
die(v.) 死
dead(adj. )死的
dying(adj.）垂死的
u 必备句型
1. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在进行）
see sb. do sth . 看见某人做某事的全过程 （强调动作的结果或过程）
2. take sb./sth. to sp.把某人/某物带到某地
3. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 agree with sb. 赞同某人
4.expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事
5. have trouble / problems (in ) doing sth .做某事有困难
6. be interested in (doing) sth. 对（做）某事感兴趣
7. be ready to do sth .准备好做某事；乐意做某事
8. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 9. mind doing sht. 介意做某事
10.give up doing sth .放弃做某事
11. decide to do sth. =make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事
u 必备句子
1. You need to take breaks away from the computer.
2. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
(without可与if……not 同义句转换) I can’t finish the work without his help.
=I can’t finish the work if he doesn’t help me.
3. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.
4.The driver didn’t think about himeself. He only thought about saving a life.
5. Did you hurt yourself playing soccer?
6. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.
7. This means being a difficult situationg that you cannot seem to get out of.

反身代词

第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself/herself/itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
yourselves

enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun 玩得开心，过得愉快
help oneself (to) sth. 请自便……
teach oneself=learn ……by oneself 自学
dress oneself 某人自己穿衣服
hurt oneself 伤到某人自己