2021年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练系列5-Word版含答案.docx

2021高考高频词汇必背及训练系列5
1.surprise n．惊异，惊异的事
I have got a big surprise for you.
我给你带来了一个大的惊喜。
v．使吃惊
What surprised us most was that she had such a sweet voice.最让我们感到惊异的是她有如此甜蜜的嗓音。
to one's surprise 令人吃惊的是
To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days.
令我惊异的是他竟然在几天之内就完成了任务。
留意：surprising 表示令人惊异；主语通常是使人惊异的事；surprised 表示主语本身产生的心情，主语是人。
What you've told me is surprising.
你给我讲的状况真令人吃惊。
The news made us surprised.这消息使我们很惊异。
Though ________ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A． surprise B．was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised
2.disaster n．灾难，不幸，祸害
Fires，floods and earthquakes are disasters.
火灾、水灾和地震都是灾难。
This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.这是该地区所经受的最严峻的自然灾难之一。
考点提示：
disaster­affected area　　　受灾地区
a traffic disaster 交通惨祸
a disaster to sb 某人的灾难
escape disaster 躲避灾难
die in the disaster 死于灾祸
The voyage to the Atlantic Ocean ended________.
A．with disaster B．in disaster C．with destroy D．in fail
3.promote vt.
(1)促进，增进
Exercise promotes health.熬炼可增进健康。
The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友情。
(2)使(某人)升级，擢升(某人)至……(to)
The boy was promoted to the fourth grade.
这个男孩升到四班级。
The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.
这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。
(3)(在宣扬上)促销，推销(商品)
Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product？如何来推销这种产品你有什么方法吗？
考点提示：
promote...as　　　　　　　把……推广为
promote sb to the post of 升某人担当……职位
promote sb to... 晋升某人为……
留意：promote sb to之后表职位的名词不加冠词。
完成句子：
(1)我们的老师已被提升为校长了。
Our teacher has ________ ________ ________ headmaster.
(2)这家公司在电视上宣扬他们的新产品。
The company are ________ ________ ________ ________ on television.
(3)他晋升为新工厂的经理。
He ________ ________ ________ of the new workshop.
4.expect v．期望；认为；预料
The rent was much more than we had expected to pay.
租金比我们估量要付的多得多。
He didn't expect to see me.他没有料到会碰见我。
考点提示：
expect＋代词/名词/that从句　 期望；预料
expect to do sth 期望做某事
expect sb to do sth 期盼某人做某事
than expected 比预料中的
I expect so. 我想是这样的。
I expect not＝I don't expect so. 我认为不是这样。
I don't expect that... 我认为……不……(否定前移)
I've worked with children before，so I know what________in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect C．to be expecting D．expects
mit vt.
(1)犯(罪、错等)
They committed many horrible crimes against the people.
他们对人民犯下很多可怕的罪行。
If we don't understand this，we shall commit mistakes.
我们假如不理解这一点，就会犯错误。
commit suicide　　　　 自杀
commit crimes 犯罪
commit mistakes 犯错误
(2)交托；交付；移交(为保管或处理)
The boy was committed to the care of his uncle.
这个男孩被托付给他的叔叔照管。
He committed himself to the cause of education.
他投身于训练事业。
(3)承诺；受誓约的约束
He refused to commit himself to any sort of promise.
他拒不作出任何承诺。
翻译句子：
(1)The hero in the novel committed suicide at the end of the book.
______________________________________________________
(2)I committed the matter to the care of a friend.
______________________________________________________
6.injury n．损伤，损害
Don't do that.You'll do yourself an injury.
别那样做，你会把自己弄伤的。
Several train passengers received/sustained serious injuries in the crash.
在这次撞车事故中火车上几名乘客受重伤。
do sb an injury＝do an injury to sb 　　　损害某人
the injured n. 受伤的人，伤员
injury/wound/hurt/harm/damage辨析
(1)injury n．指平常的大小创伤或损害。
He got serious injuries to the legs at work.
他干活时腿受了重伤。
(2)wound指战斗中刀或枪的创伤，伤口。
The soldier received two wounds in the battle.
这位士兵在战斗中两处受伤。
(3)hurt尤指精神上和感情上的损害，肉体上的伤痛。
The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.他在感情上受到的损害比身体上的伤痛更严峻。
(4)harm；damage指损失，损害，不表示伤痛。
The storm did great harm to the crops.
这场暴风雨对庄稼危害很大。
The earthquake caused damage to the city.
这场地震对这城市造成了危害。
(1)You'd better have a first aid box at hand in case of some common________at home.
A．hurt B．damage C．wounds D．injuries
(2)As we all know，smoking does________to the health of smokers themselves and those around them.
A．harm B．injury C．hurt D．wound
(3)The cattle are to be driven away before they cause any________to the newly planted trees.
A．damage B．injury C．hurt D．wound
7.react vi.
(1)react on(upon)对……起作用，对……有影响
Your applause would react on(upon)the speaker.
你们的喝彩对演说者有影响。
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.
恶人有恶报。
(2)react against抵制，反对
People soon reacted against the new government.
人们不久便起来反对新政府。
He reacted against everything he had been taught.
教他什么他都会唱对台戏。
(3)react to对……作出反应
How did your mother react to the news?
你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样？
Our eyes react to light.我们的眼睛对光起反应。
(4)react with与……起反应
Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈。
介词填空：
(1)Dogs react________kindness________waging their tails.
(2)He reacted________his parents' strictness and left home.
(3)The rise of oil costs reacted ________the price of food.
(4)He didn't react________the loud noise and kept on working.
8.admire vt.鄙视，艳羡 ；观赏
admire sb for sth /doing sth 　　　由于做某事佩服某人
admiration n. 鄙视；观赏
have admiration for 对……表示鄙视
with/in admiration 鄙视地
I really admire your enthusiasm.我的确鄙视你的热忱。
I have great admiration for her as a writer.
我格外鄙视她这个作家。
完成句子：
我鄙视他的士气。
I ________ him ________ his courage.
9.impact n．影响；冲击；撞击
Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the crisis.
企业开头感受到了经济危机的全面影响。
The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.
这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。
have an impact on...对……有影响
完成句子：
His father's death ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ him.
他爸爸的去世对他造成了巨大的影响。
10.loss n．损失
The global financial crisis will lead to a number of job losses.全球金融风暴会让很多人失业。
When she died I was filled with a sense of loss.
她去世后我心里布满了失落感。
考点提示：
make up a loss　　　　 弥补损失
suffer losses 患病损失
at a loss 感到迷惑
—Kate, you look worried now.
—Well, I am at ________ loss as to how to solve ________ problem.
A．a; the B．a; a C．不填；a D．the; the

答案：1.C　[句意：虽然教授看到我们很吃惊，但还是吵闹欢迎我们。Though surprised to see us＝ Though he was surprised to see us。]
2.B
3.(1)been promoted to　(2)promoting their new products　(3)was promoted manager
4.B
5.(1)在故事的结尾，小说的仆人公自杀了。
(2)我把这件事托付一位伴侣照管。
6.(1)D　(2)A　(3)A
7.(1)to；by　(2)against　(3)on　(4)to
8.admire; for
9.had a great impact on
10.A　[句意：——Kate, 你看起来很忧愁。——是的，我不知道怎样解决这个问题。at a loss 不知所措。“解决这个问题”是特指。]