2020-2021学年高中英语人教版必修3-双基限时练10.docx

双基限时练(十)　Unit 4　Part Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. He was interested in a________ and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.
答案　astronomy
2. On May 12, 2008, an v________ earthquake struck Wenchuan County, Sichuan, China.
答案　violent
3. Computer hackers have broken down security s________， raising questions about the safety of information.
答案　system
4. The mixture of gases that surround the earth is called a________.
答案　atmosphere
5. Forming a good habit of studying is ________ (基础) to one's achievements in the years to come.
答案　fundamental
6. He stuck to his ________ (理论) and it proved to be correct at last.
答案　theory
7. This produces ________ (连串) of reactions.
答案　chain
8. Smoking is h________ to your health.
答案　harmful
9. If you m________ 4 by 5, the answer is 20.
答案　multiply
10. Now we still don't know whether life e________ on Mars.
答案　exists
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(不多于3个单词)
1．I advise you to give up smoking, for smoking is ________ (harm) to health.
答案与解析　harmful　句意：我建议你戒烟，由于抽烟有害健康。此处应填其形容词形式。
2．We usually take turns ________ (do) cleaning, and today it is my turn ________ (do) it.
答案与解析　to do; to do　考查搭配take turns to do sth. “轮番干某事”及It is one's turn to do sth. “轮到某人干某事”。
3．There is a ________ (puzzle) look on her face. Actually, she felt ________ (puzzle) about all of this.
答案与解析　puzzled; puzzled　puzzled“感到困惑的”， puzzling“令人困惑的”。
4．The novel written by the author sells best, but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he was ________ (play) in the literary world.
答案与解析　to play　was to play表示后来将要发生的事情。
5．________ Alice will be able to get help for the rescue is not certain yet.
答案与解析　Whether　whether (是否)在句中引导主语从句。if作“是否”解，引导主语从句时，从句不能位于句首。
6．As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ________ her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town.
答案与解析　it　it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语。
7．Cindy didn't leave the office last night ________ she finished her job.
答案与解析　until　句意：辛迪昨晚直到完成了工作才离开办公室。not ... until“直到……才”， until引导的时间状语从句中用短暂性动词。
8．Although the traffic was heavy, I managed to be ________ time for the important lecture.
答案与解析　in　句意：尽管遇到了交通堵塞，我还是设法准时地参与了那个重要的讲座。in time“准时”，符合句意。
9．Before she goes to class, she usually chains her bike ________ a tree.
答案与解析　to　chain ... to ... “用链子把……拴在……上”。
10．It is ________ (unlike) that he will come to help soon because he has just gone out.
答案与解析　unlikely　此句考查句型It is likely/unlikely that ...依据语意，应为“不行能”之意。
11．They kept the door of the house ________ (lock), so nobody could get in through it.
答案与解析　locked　此处考查“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。lock与door为动宾关系，故用过去分词作补语。
12．The direction ________ which the president would go was kept secret ________ safety concern.
答案与解析　in; for　句意：为了平安起见，总统的去向保密。第一空用in, in ... direction表示“向某个方向”。其次空用for, for ... concern表示“出于……的考虑”。
Ⅲ.同义句转换
1. He came to Beijing for the first time.
→It is the first time that he ________ been ________ Beijing.
答案　has; in
2. My classmates as well as I went to the park yesterday.
→My classmates went to the park yesterday. I went ________ ________.
答案　as well
3. You will regret sooner or later.
→You will regret ________ ________.
答案　in time
4. My little son filled the tank with water.
→The tank was ________ ________ water.
答案　full of
5. There is a difference between this book and that one.
→This book ________ ________ ________ that one.
答案　is different from
Ⅳ.依据课文内容，完成语法填空
According __1__a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”. For several billion years after the “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust, __2__settled into a solid globe. The earth became very __3__(violence), and later it produced many gases, which were __4__(make) the earth's atmosphere. Water had also appeared on the earth, which allowed the earth to dissolve __5__(harm) gases __6__acids into the oceans and seas. Then life began to develop.
__7__ understood plants were the start of changes. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas. Small land animals appeared and produced young generally by __8__(lay) eggs. After that, some huge animals existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
Mammals were different from all life forms in the past; they gave birth __9__the young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping __10__ the earth into space.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案　1.to　2.which　3.violent　4.to make　5.harmful
6．and　7.Nobody　8.laying　9.to　10.from
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problem.
However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆形)．
Now Halley set to work. He figured out (计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (预言) of what would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.
In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley's comet，in his honour.
1．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ________.
A. some different comets appearing several times
B. the same comet appearing at different times
C. three different comets appearing three times
D. several comets appearing at the same time
答案与解析　B　依据第四段和最终一段可得出答案。
2．Halley made his discovery ________.
A. by doing experiments
B. by means of his own careful observation
C. by using the work of other scientists
D. by chance
答案与解析　C　依据第三段内容可知，哈雷是在计算其他科学家的数据。
3．Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year ________.
A. 1704　　　B. 1705 C. 1706　　　D. 1707
答案与解析　B　依据倒数其次段，1758－53＝1705。
4．This passage in general is about ________.
A. Halley and other scientists
B. the orbit of a comet
C. Newton and Halley
D. Halley and his discovery
答案与解析　D　全篇在叙述哈雷和哈雷彗星。
5．Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Edmund Halley was an American scientist.
B. Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.
C. Isaac Newton was a famous mathematician.
D. The orbit of a comet had the shape of a triangle.
答案与解析　C　Isaac Newton(牛顿)是一个有名的数学家和物理学家。其余三项均可在文中找到排解依据。Halley是英国人，从第一段第一句可知； Halley靠计算和预言不是靠做试验；彗星的轨道是椭圆形，不是三角形，从其次段可以找到。
B

Welcome to the Astronomy (天文学) Club of Akron (ACA) webpage. The purpose of the ACA is to further an interest in and to promote the study of the subject of astronomy through the use of lectures, discussion groups, publications，programs and other activities.
The ACA will educate the general public through monthly programs. These programs, lectures and events cover the planets, solar/lunar observing, comets (彗星) showers，deep sky objects and so on.
The ACA activities provide opportunities for its general club members to get together and take part in a variety of general astronomy related matters.
Membership is open to anyone with an interest in astronomy. No equipment is necessary and no knowledge is needed. There is no age limit. Club members meet on the 4th Friday of every month at 8 a. m. at the Kiwanis Hall in Portage Lakes. During the meeting, a one­hour talk will be on astronomy, space exploration or weather. The date of the meeting will change if the 4th Friday is part of a holiday weekend. Check the calendar, view the most recent newsletter (简报), send e­mails or call the number listed on our home page if in doubt. The ACA publishes a monthly newsletter, The Night Sky, which contains information on the coming meetings, observing sessions and articles by members.
Club dues are $30 a year for adults (18 and over), $15 for juniors (12 to 17). The family only needs $ 40 a year. Welcome to our club and you can call 1­866­339­9783 to find more information about us.
6．The ACA is really a(n) ________.
A. webpage B. club
C. office D. magazine
答案与解析　B　依据文章第一段的第一句“Welcome to the Astronomy Club of Akron (ACA) webpage”可知， the ACA是一个俱乐部。故该题的正确答案为B项。
7．From the passage, we can know the ACA wants to ________.
A. make much money
B. get more people interested in astronomy
C. sell equipment
D. hold more meetings
答案与解析　B　依据文章第一段的其次句“... further an interest in and to promote the study of the subject of astronomy ...”可知，这个组织是想推动宽敞群众对天文学的爱好。故该题的正确答案为B项。
8．If you wonder when the meeting will be held, you can do all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A. visit the manager's office
B. consult the latest The Night Sky
C. call the number listed on the home page
D. send e­mails
答案与解析　A　依据文章第四段的最终两句“Check the calendar, view the most recent newsletter, send e­mails, or call the number listed on our home page if in doubt.The ACA publishes a monthly newsletter, The Night Sky, which contains ...”可知，本题应选A项。
9．Which of the following things should the club members do?
A. Attend the programs of this club.
B. Have a meeting every Friday.
C. Spend money in using the club's equipment.
D. Give a lecture on astronomy every month.
答案与解析　A　依据文章其次段“The ACA will educate the general public through monthly programs”可知，A项正确。
10．How much should Lucy and her parents pay a year if they join the club?
A. $75. B. $60.
C. $40. D. $15.
答案与解析　C　从题干看应是Lucy一家人，故应按“The family only needs$40 a year”付费。故该题的正确答案为C项。