2021西安市高考英语短文改错、阅读理解【四月】选练及答案--1.docx

阅读理解
Lisa Pina never thought she would need the fire safety
training she received during her apprenticeship (学徒期) as
a union painter and dry waller.On Friday morning，she was
thanking God she had it.
On Thursday night，while Pina was babysitting her granddaughter，nephew and two nieces in her sister’s apartment，she smelled smoke and realized the apartment building was on fire.When her 4­year­old granddaughter Ilean Garcia began saying，“We’re going to die，”she knew she had to act.Pina,39，first sealed the door，and then told all four children to get on the floor.After calling 911，she told the children to start singing and promised them all treats as soon as they reached safety.
“I said，‘OK，we’re going to lie down and we’re all going to play a game，’”Pina said.“We all started singing our ABCs and 123s.I was just trying to make it fun.”
Pina patiently waited，and a few minutes later，Riverside County sheriff’s deputies (治安官的助手) arrived.Pina，Ilean,8­year­old Gabriel Parga,5­year­old Aubreyana Parga and 4­year­old Meriyah Parga were all trapped on the second floor as flames filled the first story.
Pina did the only thing she could.She opened the window and dropped the children，one­by­one，into the arms of the sheriff’s deputies about 15 to 20 feet below.
“I just needed to keep the kids calm so they wouldn’t be afraid，”Pina said.“I was deathly afraid inside，but I couldn’t let them know that.”
Not long after dropping the children out of the window，firefighters arrived with a ladder and rescued her.Ten people were treated at the scene for suffering smoke，but nobody was seriously injured.
1.The text is mainly about________.
A.a big fire without serious injury B.an urgent call 911
C.a brave babysitter D.a babysitter rescuing kids from a big fire
2.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refers to________.
A.a union painter B.a dry waller
C.the fire safety training D.the apprenticeship
3.Before Lisa Pina called 911，in order to prevent the fire，she________.
A.let children get on the floor B.opened the windows of the second floor
C.closed the door hard D.had children start singing
4.According to the text，we know that________.
A.Lisa Pina was the last one to be rescued
B.the fire didn’t cause any injury
C.the children were sent to hospital after the fire
D.during the fire Lisa Pina wasn’t afraid at all

1.Carrying their heavy load，the two brothers walked along the riverbank，hardly noticing the distance or the sun beating down.(完形填空其次段第一句)
带着他们沉重的行囊，兄弟二人沿着河岸行走，几乎没有留意到远行的距离和太阳的曝晒。
(1)The sun beat down on the desert sand.
太阳曝晒着沙漠。
(2)The thieves had beaten the door down.
小偷破门而入。
(3)The wheat had been beaten down by the rain.
麦子被雨打倒了。
(4)He wanted ￡800 for the car but I beat him down to ￡600.
那部车他索价八百英镑，但我把他的价钱讲到六百英镑。
2....then decided to find their way back to the river to catch some fish.(完形填空其次段末句)
……然后，(他们)打算设法回到河里，捉几条鱼。
(1)They found their way out of the crowded market.
他们设法从拥挤的市场里挤出来。
(2)The hunter found his way into the deep forest in search of the injured deer.
猎人设法进入森林深处查找那只受伤的鹿。
(3)He thought hard and found a way to solve the problem at last.
他努力思考，最终最终想出一个解决这个问题的方法。
3.After calling 911，she told the children to start singing and promised them all treats as soon as they reached safety.(阅读理解其次段末句)
拨打完911求救电话，他们一到达平安地方，她就告知孩子们开头唱歌，并承诺他们全部欢快的事情。
(1)It was a real treat to visit them!
访问他们真是一件乐事！
(2)Now remember this is to be my treat，so I’ll pay for everything.
别忘了这次该我请客，所以一切由我付款。
【参考答案】1.D　2.C　3.C　4.A　

阅读理解。
(2022·绍兴统考)
When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.
Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material—some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska—to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they’re useful to eat. ”
Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化)of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.
Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层)until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. “The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native American dogs, ”Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from North America.
Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本)from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”Wayne said. “They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource. ”
【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。说明白在几千年前狗伴随人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆, 并且在此繁殖起来。而通过检测发掘出的狗骨头的DNA也证明白这一点。
1. The underlined word“remains”is closest in meaning to“　　　”.
A. leftover food　　　　　 B. animal waste
C. dead bodies D. living environment
【解析】选C。词义猜想题。依据第四段其次句话“Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost”说明是在永冻层发觉的狗的骨头, 所以remains应当是尸体。故C正确。
2. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that　　　.
A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 A. D.
B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs
C. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves
D. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans
【解析】选D。细节理解题。依据“They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. . . ”可推断出被争辩的骨头不是欧洲人带到北美的狗的骨头。所以D正确。
3. What can we know from the passage?
A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.
B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s.
C. Latin America’s dogs are different from North America’s in genes.
D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。依据第一段“When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. ”可知D正确。
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The origin of the North American dogs.
B. The DNA study of ancient dogs in America.
C. The reasons why early people entered America.
D. The difference between Asian and American dogs.
【解析】选A。推理推断题。文章第一段提到狗和人们一同跨过the Bering Land Bridge, 其次、三、四、五段争辩狗的DNA“to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia”, “Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication of wolves thousands of years ago”, 所以文章中心是谈论北美的狗的起源。

4.短文改错
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一个横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。　　
留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、 只允许修改10处，多者（从十一处起）不计分。
I watch TV until 12 o’clock, so I couldn’t go over my lessons. This morning I got up very late that I had to go to school without breakfast in hurry, but I was still late for the first class. When I entered the classroom, the maths teacher had to stop explain an important problem, and all the eyes were fixed upon me. My face turned red. Something even worse was happened to me in English class. The teacher asked me recite the text. However, I could say nothing and sorry, for I did not spend some time preparing my lessons. The teacher looked at me with his coldly eyes. I stood at my bench without daring to raise my head. How a terrible day I had! I will never do anything like this.
【参考答案】4.
I watch TV until 12 o’clock, so I couldn’t go over my lessons. This morning I got up very late
watched so
that I had to go to school without breakfast in∧ hurry, but I was still late for the first class. When
a
I entered the classroom, the maths teacher had to stop explain an important problem, and all the
explaining
eyes were fixed upon me. My face turned red. Something even worse was happened to me in
去掉
English class. The teacher asked me∧ recite the text. However, I could say nothing and sorry, for
to but
I did not spend some time preparing my lessons. The teacher looked at me with his coldly eyes. I
any cold
stood at my bench without daring to raise my head. How a terrible day I had! I will never do
What
anything like this.

5.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（^），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
留意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
As we know, when senior students finish their school, most of their reference
books are thrown away, which are still in good conditions．What a great waste it is!
I suggested that we should recycle all this books．On the one hand, recycling them
can save a lot of natural resources, which are used to make textbooks．On the other
hand, the notes on the books are helpful to whoever need them．
In fact, recycling textbooks has been increasing popular in such countries as
America and Australia．We should learn from them, but make every effort to build
energy-saving society．In my opinion, it is of many benefit both to our present and to
our future．
【参考答案】5.
As we know, when senior students finish their school, most of their reference

books are thrown away, which are still in good conditions. What a great waste it is!
condition
I suggested that we should recycle all this books. On the one hand, recycling them
suggest these
can save a lot of natural resources, which are used to make textbooks. On the other
hand, the notes on the books are helpful to whoever need them.
in needs
In fact, recycling textbooks has been increasing popular in such countries as
increasingly
America and Australia. We should learn from them, but make every effort to
and
build∧energy-saving society. In my opinion, it is of many benefit both to
an much
our present and to our future.

6. 短文改错
Mrs. Williams, my next-door neighbor, have a big house with a beautiful

garden in front of them. She is very proud of her house because of it is always

clean and tidy. While cleaned the carpets one day she suddenly saw a little mice run

across her dining room. She felt terrible ashamed, for she used to telling others that

mice were found only in dirty houses. She quickly asked her daughter Jenny help

catch the mouse. It takes them almost half an hour to catch the mouse. Afraid of

being laughed at by other people around her, Mrs. Williams wanted her daughter to

keep it the secret.
【参考答案】6.
1.have—has 2.them—it 3.of去掉 4.cleaned—cleaning
5. mice—mouse 6.terrible—terribly 7.telling—tell
8. help前加to 9.takes—took 10.the—a