初中英语八种时态讲解复习过程.doc

初中英语八种时态讲解精品文档一般现在时1. 一般动词后加-s, 如：wears, reads, plays, likes, 2.以s, x, ch, sh结尾，后加-es, 如：watches, brushes, 3.以辅音字母+o结尾，一般加-es, 如：goes, does, 4.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加-es, 如：worries, carries. Be动词一般现在时的特殊形态是：am, is, are。Have的第三人称单数是has。1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sunday。always总是, often经常,usually通常, seldom很少, never从不, sometimes有时（以上频度副词位置放于行为动词之前）, every每（放于句首或者句末均可） I leave home for school at 7 every morning.It often snows here.2) 表示现在的状态、特征、能力、性格等。 I know him very well. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。4) 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.三. 一般现在时态的肯定形式，否定形式及疑问形式肯定形式是用动词原形，be动词用am, is, are, 注：动词的第三人称单数形式的变化；否定形式是在be动词后加否定词not(缩写成isnt, arent, am与not不能缩写),或者添加助动词do/does加not再加动词原形(缩写成dont/doesnt). 疑问形式是把be动词或助动词do/does提置句首, 动词还原，句末问号，人称上第一人称变第二人称，第二人称变第一人称，第三人称不变。一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用（tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next week (year, term), in (two days), soon, the day after tommorrow等。1) shall/will + 动词原形， shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替，will 用于各人称，表示未来的事实或对将来的预测。Which paragraph shall I read first.？Will you be at home at seven this evening?Students will use computers to learn.2)be going to +动词原形，表示打算，计划要做的事或根据有把握的判断要发生的事。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3)be to +动词原形，表示已作出的决定，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +动词原形，表示即刻，马上要发生的动作。He is about to leave for Beijing.be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。Be 动词的形式与主语保持一直。四. 某些将来时结构在用法上的区别 1）be going to 和 will用于条件句时，be going to表将来； will表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.2）be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事；be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)五一般将来时的肯定形式，否定形式及疑问形式 肯定形式正常语序，否定形式在be动词或will/shall后加not，疑问形式把be动词或shall/will提置句首。l 现在进行时、结构：be (am, is, are) + 现在分词（即动词-ing形式）。动词现在分词的变化规律：1. 一般情况下，动词后直接加-ing，如：working, buying, visiting, 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，然后再加-ing, 如：taking, having, leaving, 3. 以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母，然后加-ing，如：stopping, running, swimming, 4. 特殊变化，如：lielying.现在进行时的基本用法：1） 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在进行或发生的动作。 We are waiting for you.2） 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3） 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4） 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.三. 不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。I need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。You seem a little tired.四现在进行时态的否定形式是在be后加not，疑问形式是把be动词提置句首。一般过去时一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作，动词用过去式（即动词-ed形式）,动词过去式的变化规律：1 一般动词词尾加-ed, 如：walked, looked, finished, 2 以字母e结尾的动词后加-d，如：lived, decided, noticed, 3 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed，如：hurried, carried, 4 以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed, 如：stopped, stepped。以上是规则变化，还有一些动词的过去式是不规则变化，如：dodid, havehad, bewas/were, swimswam等，参见初一下英语书后不规则动词表。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型： a. It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 b. would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。三.一般过去时的一些特殊用法1比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)2. 注意： 用过去时态表示现在含义，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词 could, would.Cou ld you lend me your bike?四一般过去时的肯定形式动词用过去式，否定形式用did+not+动词原形（did not缩写成didnt），疑问形式用Did +主语+动词原形+？现在完成时态现在完成时由“ have/has + 过去分词 ”构成1 现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式以及简略回答：肯定式：I / We / You / They have cleaned the room . He / She has cleaned the room .否定式：I / We / You / They have not / havnt cleaned the room . He / She has not / hasnt cleaned the room .疑问式：Have I / we / you / they cleaned the room ? Has he / she cleaned the room ?简略回答：肯定Yes, I / we / you / they have . 否定No, I / we / you / they have not / havnt . 肯定Yes, he / she has . 否定 No, he / she has not / hasnt .1现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这种用法有时不带时间状语，有时同just, already, yet, recently, never, ever, before 等表示不确定时间的副词连用。Ive just sent a fax to them. 我刚刚给他们发了一份传真。The film hasnt started yet. 电影还没有开始。-Have you typed my letter already ?-Yes, I have. 你已经把我的信打好了吗？已经打好了。Weve bought a new house. 我们已经买了座新房子。注意：在有表示过去的时间状语（last, yesterday, ago, when等）时，不能用现在完成时。2 现在完成时表示开始于过去并持续到现在（也许还会持续下去）的动作或状态 现在完成时的这种用法通常与since 和for 连用。 Since + 一段时间的起点（在since引导的从句中一般用过去时） For + 一段时间（如，three days, two years ）They have lived here since 1989. 从1989年起他们就住在这里了。He has been here since two oclock. 他从十点种就在这里了。Ive known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。注意：have gone (to) 表示“到某地去了”，此时人还在那里。 -Where is Tom ? -He has gone to London. 汤姆在哪儿？ 他已经去伦敦了。 have been (to) 表示“到过某地”，此时人并不在那里。 I have been to the Great Wall of China twice. 我去过两次中国的长城。 现在完成时与so far (到目前为止), up till now (直到现在) 等短语连用Up till now Ive only learned a thousand English words. 到现在我只学了1000个英语单词。过去完成时一 过去完成时的构成：had + 动词过去分词，否定式在had后加not，疑问式把had提前。1. 过去完成时表示在过去某时之前结束的动作或状态，也就时说时在“过去的过去”。When we got there the basketball match had already started.我们到那里时，篮球比赛已经开始了。He told me that he had seen the film the day before.他告诉我，他前一天看过这部电影。2. 过去完成时表示持续到过去某时之前的动作或状态。He had worked here for ten years by the end of last month.到上个月底，他已在这里工作10年了。He said that the university had changed a lot since he left.他说，自他离开之后，这所大学发生了很大的变化。过去进行时at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等1.过去进行时的构成：由be的过去式（was/were）+ 现在分词（doing）构成，主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。其否定式在was/were加not缩写成wasnt/werent，疑问式把was/were提前。1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这个动作或情况在这以前已经开始了，但还没完成或结束。This time last year I was living in New York.去年这个时候我住在纽约。What were you doing at 10 oclocl last night ?昨天晚上10点钟你在干什么？2.过去进行时和一般过去时经常在同一个句子里使用，表示一个动作发生在另一个动作的进行中，状语从句往往由连词等引导。Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. 汤姆在做饭时烫伤了手。While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. 我在花园干活时，弄伤了后背。收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除