宾语从句详解及专项练习讲课稿.doc

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宾语从句（Object Clause）
一、定义与分类
1、在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
2、宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
3、时态：
a主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
b主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
c主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。
二、宾语从句的连接词
1、从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，在从句中不充当任何句子成分。
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
Eg：
He told me that he would go to the college the next year。他告诉我他下一年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试.
2、连接代词
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.在从句中充当名词性成分。
Eg：
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?
I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
3、连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.在从句中充当状语成分。
Eg：
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没人知道这些新的零件能在哪里买到.
三、动词的宾语从句
1、大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
2、部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
3、动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
4、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语 从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it，此时it无实际意义。
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
Eg：
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
Eg：
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
四、介词的宾语从句
1、用wh-类的介词宾语从句
Eg：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.
2、用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
四、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
Eg：
I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④ 在不定式前只能用whether.
I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
1、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
2、当宾语从句较长时;
3、当宾语从句前置时；eg．That our team will win，I believe．
4、当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
5、当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;
6、当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
7、当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;
8、当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;
9、当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
七、宾语从句的否定转移
1、主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Eg：
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
2、如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
八、宾语从句的时态和语序
1、 当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
2、当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.
②从句用过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
3、如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
4、当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
5、运用虚拟语气的情况
在表示：建议（suggest , advise）要求（demand、desire、require、request、propose)决定（decide)命令(order、command) 坚决主张(insist)等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）
eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard．
He ordered that we should go out at once．
九、学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。
1.连接词
连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which（指事）,who（指人）
a．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。
b．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
c．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。
2、语序
宾语从句一般用陈述语序。当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
3.判断时态情况：
1.主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。
2.主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。

宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris
( )5. Could you tell me ___________?
　 A. where do you live 　 B. who you are waiting for
　 C. who were you waiting for  D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
　 A. why she left 　 B. why did she leave 　C. why she had left　 D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
　 A. rise 　B. rose 　C. rises 　D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see __________.
　 A. what was the matter 　B. what the matter was C. what the matter is    D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father _______.
　 A. where it happens   B. where did it happen C. how it happened    D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
　 A. how we should do   B. what should we do C. how to do it       D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
　 A. how check  B. to check  C. how to check  D. to how checking
( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which

( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?
─ Sorry, I've no idea.
　 A./, bought   B. has, bought   C. did, buy   D. did bought
( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
　 A. how, another  B. what, more  C. how ,other  D. what, another
( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.
　 A. where is he/ has been    B. where he is/ has gone
　 C. where was he/ has been   D. where he was/ has gone
( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
　 ─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
　 A. you have/ will rain      B. you will have/ will rain
　 C. you will have/ rains     D. will you have/ rains
( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
　 A. finds/ arrives    B. finds/ will arrive   C. will find/ will arrive   D. will find/ arrives
( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
( )20. He asked me _______.
A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held
C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held
( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
( )22. You must remember _______.
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
B. C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
( )23. I don”t know ______ .
A. which room I can live B. which room can I live
C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in
( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?
－－Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you .
A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come
( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how             
三、用合适的连接词填空。
1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)
四、句型转换。
1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.
2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句）
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句）
　Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句）
　I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.
1. These wild flowers are so special I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
2. A computer can only do_________ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
3. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?
A．where B．what C．how D．which
4. —I think it’s going to be a big problem. —Yes, it could be.
—I wonder we can do about it.
A. if B. how C. what D. that
5. This depends on _________ the weather is fine.