宁波中考作文讲解复习过程.doc

2017年宁波中考作文讲解

精品资料
宁波市英语中考作文讲解
------江东英语张定蓉
一、 写作注意事项：结构+要点+逻辑+语法+亮点
1、 结构
中考最流行的结构就是三段式，观点----要点----总结
第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过2句话。
第二段：分2-3点说明什么
第三段：经过第二段的论述，可以得出结论，但要注意不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华，也可以提出希望、建议。
2、 要点
实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字“翻译”，因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要点必须在文章中有所体现。文章写得再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点，也就是文章的第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心。
3、 逻辑
实际上就是逻辑词，最常用的就是表示递进的，转折的，总结的逻辑词。
递进：first, second, third, finally等，还可以使用高级点的如：first of all, in addition, what’s more, moreover, in a word, all in all. 转折：but, yet, however等，有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了整个文章的思路。
4、 语法
其他几点都不是硬性的要求，不那样做不能说是错，只能说好与不好，但语法是硬性的。如单词的使用，时态。
5、 亮点
前八个字都做到很完美的时候只能得到一个二等文，要想得到一等文，最后两个字“亮点”至关重要。设想是阅卷老师，两篇写人美丽的作品摆在我们面前，都是结构清晰的三段式，要点都很全，都用了一些逻辑词，都没有语法错误，但是A篇只用beautiful, good-looking. B篇却用了attractive, charming, catching one’s sight. 正常人都会给B篇高分，这些高级的词汇、句型就是我们得到好作文的绝招。所以写作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。
二、 训练方法
1、 记。认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。
2、 练。每练一篇书面表达，都要自己学到一点东西，平时可以采用循序渐进，灵活多样的练习方式，从根据提示词写单句、翻译句子到写几句话，最后写到流利的文章。
3、 写。进行实践写作。
三、应试策略
1、审题目，要切中题意
认真审题，看到考题后，先不要着急动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在头脑中构思一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲的资料和信息审题。
2、图要点
防止要点遗漏，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出
3、 列提纲
为写作文做好准备，根据文章要点，短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。
4、 定基调
定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾等
5、 写全文
四、 实践准备
1、 常用的过渡词和连接词：first，second, third, finally ,in addition, furthermore, besides, what’s worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, since, now that, therefore, consequently, in that case, as a result/consequence, in conclusion, to sum up, in a word, in my view.
2、 万能句式
• the+ est+名+主词+have +ever+ v-ed
Helen in the most charming girl that I have ever seen.
Mr. Chang in the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

• nothing is + more+ adj. +than to + V
Nothing is more important than to receive education.
Nothing is more enjoyable than to listen to Mozard.

•cannot emphasize the importance of + n +too much
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
We cannot emphasize the importance of receiving education too much.

•there is + no+名+ that….
There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
There is no doubt that our educational system needs to be improved.

•it is universally acknowledged that….
It is universally acknowledged that trees are necessary to us.
It is widely known that trees are necessary to us.

•with the development of (引起话题的事情), there are heated discussions on the topic.

• many ways can contribute to (解决问题)，but I think the following may be the effective ones. First of all,…….. Besides, …… Last but not least,…..

•there are not the only ways we can do about (引起话题的事情), whatever we do, we must make a start right now.
五、 实践
1、 提纲类作文
固定句式：recently we had a heated discussion about whether….. different students hold different opinions(people’s ideas vary from person to person). 40% of the students are in favor of it. Here are the reasons (the reasons are as follows/ the following are the reasons); however, some are strongly against the opinion. In the first place, …… what’s more…… personally speaking…….
Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception
(1)观点表达类（列举某一现象，对该现象进行描述，发表自己的看法，建议并阐述自己的观点）
①真题回顾
随着手机使用的日益广泛，“作业帮”等手机运用软件的出现，现在，手机又有了新的用途 ---随时查找作业的答案
部分学生认为：有时作业太多、太难，不得不向手机求援。
自己的观点：抄写答案不能提高学生的学习能力，只能阻止学生思考。
恰当运用网络，不依赖网络。
【解析】1、主题和要点：本文的主题是就“利用手机做作业”这一现象谈谈部分学生和自己的观点。文章主要从两个方面进行写作：（1）部分学生对“利用手机做作业”的看法；（2）自己对“利用手机做作业”的看法。
2、时态：一般现在时 人称：第一、三人称
② 写作模板
段首句：….now have a new use for the Internet --- use mobile phones to find out …. But different people hold different ideas about….. (描述现象，引出话题)
中间句： some students think that they have so… that they don’t have….. And some of the …. Are too hard for them to ….So they have to use ….. to find out ….(介绍部分学生的看法)
I think ….can’t improve ….., In my opinion, we can …. And can’t depend on it(介绍自己的看法)
结尾句: Studying online can be a way to….., but the best way is ….(简要总结，表面如何正确对待网上学习问题)
③ 范文重现
Some students now have a new use for the Internet--- use mobile phones to find out the answers to their homework. But different people hold different ideas about it.
Some students think that they have so much homework every day that they don’t have enough time. And some of the problems are too hard for them to work out. so they have to use mobile phones to find out the answers.
However, I think copying the answers can’t improve the students’ abilities, and may make them stop thinking. In my view, we can make proper use of the Internet and can’t depend on it. Studying online can be a way to help study, but the best way is to study by oneself.

（2）利弊分析类（提出该现象本身的利弊，要求考生对此现象进行说明，对比此类事物的利弊，表明自己的观点态度）
①真题回顾
随着网络的发展和人们消费观念的转变，购物方式也在悄然地发生变化。“网购”成为一种时尚，越来越多的学生也正在加入到网购群体中。请你根据以下表格的提示，写一篇网上购物的文章。

优点
1、 足不出户；节约时间；避免拥挤、劳累
2、 价格通常较便宜
3、 可供选择的范围广，品种多

缺点
1、 只看到图片。看不到商品本身
2、 容易购买大量不太需要的东西，造成浪费
【解析】主题和要点：本文要求考生根据表格中的内容，介绍“网购”的优缺点。文章可以分成为两个部分来写：第一部分写“网购”的优点，第二部分写“网购”的缺点。时态：一般现在时。人称：第一人称
②写作模板
段首句：It has become a fashion in our daily life. Some of us students also join the group.
中间句：You can buy …. Without going outdoors. You can avoid getting tired and being trapped in the crowded people and cars and save time …..varieties of goods… prices are generally lower…. Different from the pictures you see on the Internet …. That are not badly needed…. A waste of money.
结尾句：All in all….

③范文重现
With the development of the Internet, many people are used to shopping online. It has become a fashion in our daily life. Some of us students also join the group.
Shopping online has many advantages. Just by a click of the mouse, You can buy what you are interested in without going outdoors. You can avoid getting tired and being trapped in the crowded people and cars and save time. When shopping online, you can choose from more varieties of goods whose prices are generally lower.
Every coin has two sides. Its disadvantages are obvious, too. On one hand, it’s very easy for you to buy goods different from the pictures you see on the Internet. On the other hand, shopping online may cause people to buy goods that are not badly needed. That’s a waste of money.
All in all, I appreciate shopping online.

（3） 问题解决类（提出生活中的某一问题，要求考生根据要点提示给出合理的解决方式）
真题回顾
同学们，你们生活中有烦恼，学习有压力吗？那我们应该如何正确面对烦恼，有效缓解心理压力呢？请根据以“How to solve our stress”为题写一篇80词左右的短文。开头已给出，不计入总词数，提示词必须用完。
提示：1.积极参加体育锻炼，有一个健康的身体；
2. 多与老师、家长和朋友交谈，说出自己的烦恼；
3. 多听听音乐，多看看书
4.尽自己最大的努力学习，勇敢面对自己的成绩
5.如果经常压力太大，可以去看看医生
【解析】主题和要点：本文的主题是如何解决我们的压力问题。文章主要从五个方面进行写作：体育锻炼；与人交谈，倾诉烦恼；听音乐看书，放松心情；努力学习，面对现实；压力过大，看医生；时态：一般现在时，人称为第一人称
‚写作模板
段首句：we all have some problems and stress in..(描述现象，引出话题)
中间句：Firstly, we should .....can help us to... Secondly, we need to... Thirdly, we can also... It’s a good way to... Fourthly, we should try our best to...（具体介绍解决压力问题的建议）
结尾句：if we have too much stress,we’d better ....(针对严重的情况。提出建议)
ƒ范文重现
How to solve our stress
We all have some problems and stress in our lives. How should we solve them?
Firstly, we should take more part in exercise. Sports can help us to have a healthier body and study better. Secondly, we need to talk with our teachers, parents and friends, try to tell them our trouble. They may give us some useful advice. Thirdly, we can also listen to music and read books. It’s a good way to relax ourselves. Fourthly, we should try our best to study hard and learn to face our grades bravely. Fifthly, if we have too much stress, we’d better see a doctor.

（4） 主题阐述类（ 针对社会生活中的某一现象进行必要的提示，要求考生根据提示紧紧围绕主题进行写作。常见话题有保护环境、助人为乐、保持健康、文明礼仪等）
真题回顾
为了进一步增强中学生的安全意识，提高自我保护能力，某校开展了以“安全”为主题的演讲比赛。请你根据以下要点提示写一篇演讲稿。
提示：慎重交友；遇险报警；安全饮食；其他（1-2点）
【解析】主题和要点：本文的主题是就“如何保持安全”这一话题，根据图片内容进行阐述。文章有四个要点：慎重交友，遇险报警，安全饮食和自己的观点。时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。
‚写作模板
段首句：...here are some of my suggestions.（提出建议）
中间句：first, we should be... When we...（慎重交友）second, if we are...we must..（遇险报警）also, we ought to ...（安全饮食）last, we must remember....（个人观点）
结尾句：in short...（简要总结）
ƒ范文重现
How to keep safe?
As teenagers, we should always keep safety in mind. But how can we keep safe? Here are some of my suggestions.
First,we should be careful when we make friends,especially on lone. Second, if we are in danger, we must call the police foe help in time so that we can keep ourselves safe. Also, we ought to eat healthily and safety. Eating food that goes bad will do harm to our health. Last but not least, summer is coming, and we must remember it is dangerous to swim in the river.
In short, safety must come first!

（5） 事实讲述类（针对某一事实设计考题，要求对考生对题目中的事实进行描写）
真题回顾
假如你即将在学校英语兴趣小组的活动中发言，请你用英语写一篇发言稿。
提示：1.几个月前，奶奶晚饭后去跳广场舞
2.从那时起，奶奶喜欢上了广场舞
3.现在，奶奶比以前健康了，有了很多朋友
4.有些邻居有意见，认为音乐很吵，无法入睡
5.你认为人们可以跳广场舞，但...
【解析】主题和要点：本文的主题是介绍奶奶跳广场舞的情况。文章主要从三个方面进行写作：奶奶跳舞的情况；邻居的看法；自己的观点。时态：介绍奶奶几个月前的情况用一般过去时；介绍邻居的看法和自己的观点用一般现在时。人称：第一、三人称
‚写作模板
段首句：I’m very happy to speak here and I’d like to talk about..（引出需要谈论的内容）
中间句：a few months ago, my grandma went to .. Since then, she has been in love with...now, she is much ...than before. What’s more, she has a lot of ...（介绍奶奶跳广场舞的情况）
Some neighbors have a complaint against... They think that the music is so...that they can’t...（介绍一些邻居的看法）
结尾句：in my view, people can... Because it is a good way to... They should think about... And they shouldn’t..（自己的观点）
ƒ范文重现
Boys and girls,
I’m very happy to speak here and I’d like to talk about my grandma.
A few months ago, my grandma went to do square dancing after supper. Since then, she has been in love with square dancing. Now, she is much healthier than before. What’s more, she has a lot of friends. However, some neighbors have a complaint against the people who do square dancing. They think that the music is so loud that they can’t fall asleep at night.
In my view, people can do square dancing because it is a good way to keep healthy. But they should think about the feelings of others and they shouldn’t make a lot of noise.
That’s all. Thank you!

2、 书信类
投诉信的开头和结尾常用句式
I am writing to inform you that I am dissatisfied with your …
　　I understand you will give immediate attention to this matter.
　　I would like to have this matter settled by the end of …
　　询问信的开头和结尾常用句式
　　I would be most grateful if you could send me information regarding/concerning …
　　I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding …
　　Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.
　　I am looking forward to hearing from you.
　　请求信的开头和结尾常用句式
　　I am writing to seek for your assistance in …
　　I would like to thank you for your generous help in this matter.
　　道歉信的开头和结尾常用句式
　　I am writing to apologize for …　I am writing to say sorry for …
　　I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.
　　感谢信的开头和结尾常用句式
　　I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for …
　　I must thank you again for your generous help.

介绍类（从人物、事物和地点等方面设计试题，要求考生利用书信的形式对试题中的人物、事物、地方进行介绍）
真题回顾
假如你是李华，你写电子邮件给外国朋友Tom介绍中国春节的情况。电子邮件包括以下内容：春节是中国最重要的节日；春节一般在一月或二月；除夕夜，家庭成员聚在一起吃年夜饭；年夜饭过后，人们通常会看春节联欢晚会；晚上，我们会放鞭炮；春节期间，爷爷奶奶、父母等长辈会给我们发红包
【解析】主题和要点：本文的主题是介绍有关中国春节的情况。文章从三个方面介绍有关中国春节的情况。时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。
‚写作模板
段首句：let me tell you something about...（提出春节的话题，引出下文）
中间句：it is the most ...festival in China. It is always in...（春节的重要性和时间）On the eve of the Spring Festival ...got together and then ...people like to ...we like to ...at night. During the Spring Festival, we get... From...（详细介绍春节期间人们的活动）
结尾句：we always have a ...time. Welcome to...（简要总结，对朋友表示欢迎）
ƒ范文重现
Dear Tom
Thank you very much for your email. Let me tell you something about the Spring Festival. It is the most important festival in China. It is always in January or February. On the eve of the Spring Festival, family members get together and then have a big dinner. After dinner, people like to watch TV. There is a great Spring Festival Gala on TV every year. We like to let off fireworks at night. They are really wonderful. During the Spring Festival, we get presents of money in red packets from our grandparents, parents, aunts and uncles.
We always have a good time. Welcome to our country.
Yours
Li hua

3、 图表图画类
窗体顶端
　首段的写作
　　图表作文有表格(table)、柱形图(bar chart)、饼状图(pie chart)和折线图(diagram)
　　From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004.
　　From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state?owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period.
　　第二段的写作
　　主观：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.
　　I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.
　　In my mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows.
　　主观之变体(使用插入语，突显主语)：Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon.
　　Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon.
　　Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon.
　　主观之变体(使用插入语)：Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this phenomenon.
客观：Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.

（1） 数据统计类（针对某一调查结果采用图表的形式来设计，考察考生对图表的观察能力、分析能力）

真题回顾
请根据以下交通事故因素（factors）统计图表，以“Major causes of traffic accidents” 为题，用英语写一篇简短的分析报告，向学校英语报投稿。
注意：
1. 报告需逐条陈述下面 pie chart 和 bar chart (柱状图) 中呈现的主 要内容。（至少 5 点）
2. 提出你对交通安全总的看法。（至少 2 点）
3. 词数：100 词左右，所给标题不计入总词数。

【解析】主题和要点：本文的主题是介绍交通事故产生的主要因素。文章主要从两个方面进行写作：一是描述pie chart 和bar chart中给出的信息，并指出交通事故产生的主要原因。二是对交通安全的看法。时态是一般现在时，人称为第三人称。
‚写作模板
段首句：there are all kinds of traffic accidents reports....as a result,it’s important for us to analyze..（描述现象，引出话题）
中间句：according to the pie chart, there are mainly three factors:85%...10%..5%...another bar chart points that there are 4 reasons... Including... Which is...（介绍交通事故的主要因素）
结尾句：in my view.... I hope....（说明自己的观点）

ƒ范文重现
Major Causes of Traffic Accidents
Nowadays, there are always kinds of traffic accidents reports from newspapers, TV news and so on. As a result, it’s important for us to analyze the major causes. The followings are two reports:
According to the pie chart, there are mainly three factors: 85% is about driver factors; 5% is from vehicle factors and 10% is environment factors. Among them, it’s quite clear that the first one is the key point. So another bar chart points that there are 4 reasons to causes it, including spending which is 50%, drunk driving which holds 15%, tired driving which is 25% as well as not using seat-belt which is 25%.
In my view, everyone should keep in mind that traffic safety is one of the most ways in