高中英语-人教版-必修三-第四单元-基础知识点-(笔记版)培训讲学.doc

高中英语_人教版_必修三_第四单元_基础知识点_(笔记版)

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Unit 4
system 系统，体系
solar system 太阳系 government systems 政府体系
interest vt. 使…感兴趣
常用：Sth. interest Sb.
interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 令人感兴趣的
eg: What he said interested all of us.
We are interested in the interesting story.

1. 根据一个普遍接受的理论，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸把物质射向四面八方。 （背过）
a widely accepted theory, the universe started with…. throw matter in all directions.

世界上独一无二的东西，前面加定冠词the, 例如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the university, the world.但是名词前若有adj修饰，一般用不定冠词a/an。例如：There is a big moon in the sky.
Start/begin with 以…开始；to start/begin with首先=first of all
wide adj.&adv. Wide做副词表示具体的宽 He lay here, with his eyes wide open./ wide awake.
widely adv. 修饰抽象的 广泛的 The book is widely read.

Direction表示方向常和in, from搭配。从某个方向用from, 朝某方向用in.
in all directions 四面八方
in the opposite direction 朝相反的方向
例如：The woman went to the direction from which she came.这个女士走向她来的方向。

to do一般做目的状语，但有时候也可做结果状语，见课本第一段最后。Only to do结果发现常表示意料之外的结果。例如：
She went to the supermarket, only to find/only to be told that all the salt had been sold out.

2. be to do用法，自己列出。

settle 定居；解决；停留，落下；使某人坐在某个位置；精神的镇静 例如：
We finally settled in Jinan. 定居

The question is hard to settle/solve. 解决
The bird settled on the branch. 停留在树枝上
My father settled himself in the sofa after work. 坐在沙发上
The medicine can help to settle your nerves. 镇静神经

3. last VI持续维持 其后的介词for经常省略。
The meeting lasted (for) three hours.

4. in time ①及时 in time to do/ in time for
②最终，迟早。相当于sooner or later ,eventually
例如：
We were just in time for the flight.= We were just in time to catch the plane.
Don’t worry. I am sure things will get better in time.

辨析：in time/ on time/ at a time(一次，每次)/at one time(曾经，一度)/ at times=sometimes(有时候)

5. atmosphere ① 大气层，经常与定冠词联用 the atmosphere ② 气氛，氛围 例如：
An atmosphere of tension(紧张) filled Japan after the earthquake.
The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.

6. As the earth cooled down,
…..as在本句中为连词，翻译为：随着。可以和with复合结构互换。例如：
As time goes by, we are older and older. = With time going by,…

11. unlike prep. 不像
Unlike his brother, he is diligent.
不像弟弟，他很勤奋。
It is unlike him to be late. 迟到可不像他的风格。

I dislike eating fish. I like eating meat. 我不喜欢吃鱼，我喜欢吃肉。
What is the weather like? 天气怎么样？
He is likely to come.= it is likely that he will come. 他很可能回来。

12. be fundamental to
对…至关重要，基础 fundamental differences 根本的不同

13. make it possible for life to develop 为make+宾语+宾补的结构 在此it形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。宾补可以有多种成分充当，但不能加ing形式。例如：
We made him president.
我们选他做总统。
We should try our best to make the room clean.
I spoke aloud to make myself heard. 让我自己被听见。
The mother made the boy do his work all day.被动 The boy was made to do his work all day.

14. multiply 繁殖，增加，乘 例如：
Cells multiply by means of cell division.
The answer is 30 if you multiply 6 and 5.
Your effort will multiply your chance of success.

15. call A B 叫...A 是B
The boy called Jim is a kind boy.
I lived in what you called Greece.

16. for the first time 第一次，为介词短语，一般做时间状语。
The first time为连词，连接句子
It is /was the first time that sb. have/had done sth.
例如：
Today, I climbed on the Qianfo Mount for the first time.
I fell in love with the car the first time I saw it.
It is the first time that I have visited the city.

lay eggs 下蛋
lie – lied---lied 撒谎
lie—lay—lain 躺，位于
lay—laid—laid 放置，下蛋

He laid the books on the shelf.他把书放在书架上了。
The hen lays an egg a day. 这只母鸡每天下一个蛋。
He lied to his mother. 他对母亲撒谎了。

18. exist
不及物动词，不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态。
名词：existence/
come into existence =come into being 形成，产生
例如：
There exist warm-hearted people everywhere.
We can’t exist without water.
No one knows when the earth came into existence.

19. remain vi&link-v 保持，维持，仍然，剩余
the remaining money 剩下的蛋糕
I am sorry. My work remains unfinished.
After many years, he remains single./ he remains a teacher.
The problem remains to be solved.
It remains to be see whether we can finish it in time.

20. spread 伸展；延伸；（消息，火）等蔓延，传播
The news spread through the school quickly.
The mother spread a cloth on the table.
The fire spread quickly, but all the people were able to escape.

21. thus adv相当于therefore 因此
The universities have expanded, thus allowing more students to get a higher education.
He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the news.
He knocked out Tom, thus becoming the champion.
22. in one’s turn 轮到…./ by turns 轮流/ in turn ① 依次，轮流 ②反之，从而/ in return (for)作为回报 例如：
Today, I am in my turn on duty to clean the room.
The two brothers looked after their sick mother by turns.
I gave him some money in return for his help.= He helped me. In return, I gave him some money.
高考再现：
A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ________ will promote its economic development.
A .in nature B.in return C.in turn D.in fact

23. prevent/keep/stop …from….
阻止。注意keep后的from不能省，省掉意思就是使…一直干….
Shelter/protect… from…保护…免受….
The heavy snow prevented all of us (from) arriving at school on time.
The sunglasses can shelter us from the sunlight.

24. depend on
依靠，依赖；取决于

When we are old, we have to depend on our children to earn money.
Whether you will stay or not depends on you.
It/that depends.看情况吧。
高考再现：
----How often do you eat out?
----_________, but usually once a week. A. I have no idea. B. it depends. C. as usual D. Generally speaking

25. the year to come= the coming year 在将要到来的一年。To come做后置定语】

26. block out 挡住（光线和声音等）；忘记，抹掉
The tall building blocked out the sunlight.
She wanted to block out the unhappy experience.

27. visit n&v visit sp.
Pay a visit to sp.
We are going to pay a visit to/visit the USA in the holiday.

28. explain sth. to sb.= explain to sb. sth. --explanation(n)

You had better explain to your mother the thing.

29. lessen
The pain is lessening after taking the medicine.
The government takes measures to lessen the impact of the earthquake.

30. get/be close(adj.) to 靠近
close adv. 具体的近 stand/sit close(adv.) to
closely 抽象的 仔细地，严谨地 密切地

The child examined the animal closely.

31. as…as结构中，若中间为第三人称单数名词需要这样：as+adj.+a/an+n+as
He is as kind a boy as you
.= He is a boy as kind as you.

31. 倍数表达法：
A + 动词+倍数+as… as……
A + 动词+倍数+ more than….
A + 动词+倍数+the +n+of 例如：
The hall is three times as large as our classroom.
= The hall is three times larger than the classroom.
= The hall is twice the size of our classroom.

32. now that 既然，和since相当，有时候that会省略。
Now that everyone is here, let’s begin our class.
Now that you have got such a chance, you might as well (不妨，最好)make good use of it.

33. break out （战争，疾病，灾难）的爆发，无被动语态
when did the first world war break out?
break up 分手，解散，粉碎，假期放假，成为碎片
break out 出故障，抛锚；失败；身体或精神的垮掉，分解

34. watch out
小心，注意
watch out for 小心….
Watch over 看管，照看，监视
Watch out! A train is coming.

Watch out for the cars whenyou cross the streets.

Can you watch over the clothes while we are swimming?

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