上海市中考英语首字母填空练习-附详解讲解学习.docx

上海市中考英语首字母填空练习-附详解精品文档上海市中考英语首字母填空练习首字母填空类短文题是近几年各省、市中考题经常采用的题型之一，这种题难度相对较大，考生失分现象很严重。主观型首字母填空也称为限制型完形填空。它的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”，留下该词的首字母，它既作为提示又作为限制，让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整，使文章连贯。学生们在通读全文、掌握大意的前提下，采用先易后难，再逐项填空的应试策略。做题时要通过字里行间来捕捉信息，既要理清逻辑，又要综合考虑，最后通过复读全文来消除疏漏。给首字母填空类短文的阅读题属于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。下面就讲一讲做这类题的方法与技巧：1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲技巧再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。从实际中看，很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词，但是，问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上。比如填 q ，要求填写 quickly ，而多数考生只知道填写 quick ，忽略了词性问题。因此，深思熟虑很重要。通过以上对首字母填空类型题的讲解，同学们一定对这类题型有了更多的了解，掌握了此类题的考点和做题的技巧后，给同学们准备了以下的练习题，请同学们及时巩固学习内容。收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 上海市中考英语首字母填空练习 第一部分14篇Passage OneWe call the Chinese New Year the Spring Festival. There is a n_(1)_ for each Chinese year - the year of the sheep, the year of the monkey, the year of the tiger, etc.Before New Years Day, people are b_(2)_ cleaning their houses and doing some shopping. On New Years Eve, there is a big family dinner. After dinner, all the family stay up late to w_(3)_ the New Year. On the f_(4)_ day of the New Year, people put on their new c_(5)_ and go to visit their relatives and friends. They say Happy New Year! a_(6)_ some other greetings to each other. People u_(7)_ have a very good time during the festival.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Passage TwoA: Hi, how are you?B: Fine, thanks. Yesterday morning I saw your father in the street, I went up to talk to him, but he said he didnt know me. I was confused.A: It c_(1)_ be him! My father was at home studying English at that time.B: Oh, sorry! I must have made a mistake. But why is your father studying English now?A: He wants to i_(2)_ his English. Last month he went to New York, U.S.A. He couldnt go anywhere alone because he didnt understand people there. Once he was almost l_(3)_. And when he felt h_(4)_, he even didnt know i_(5)_ theres a good place to eat.B: What a pity! He should have studied English really hard if he often goes to English-speaking countries.A: Youre right. Now he is studying English b_(6)_ listening to tapes.B: Good. By the way, are you free tonight? How about having dinner and then see the latest 3D m_(7)_?A: OK, thats great! See you later.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Passage ThreeDreams may be more important than sleep. Some people dont need much sleep. H_(1)_, we all need to dream according to the scientists.Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams e_(2)_ night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are l_(3)_ old films. They come to us over and again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something.Dreaming may be a w_(4)_ of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They could have been t_(5)_ about their work all day. Then these things go into their dreams.Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we cant remember the dream. Dreams can d_(6)_ quickly from memory.Too much dreaming isnt good. The m_(7)_ we sleep, the longer we dream. Our mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Passage FourShould children stop playing computer games or not? Thats always a hot topic.Computer games may h_(1)_ you learn how to use computers skillfully. And they are more f_(2)_ than going to acomputer class. You will learn all kinds of things through playing games on your computer.Games a _(3)_ get your brain（脑子）to work fast. When you play games, you have to work out w_(4)_ to do in a very short time. Your brain, eyes and hands must work quickly. It makes you free from schoolwork and helps you e_(5)_ yourself and relax.But wait, youd better not take that as an excuse and play computer games all day. If you sit before your computer for a long time, your hands, back and eyes will get h_(6)_. Children shouldnt use a computer for more than 30 minutes w_(7)_ a rest.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Passage FiveWhen the Chinese swimmer Liu Zige won the gold medal in the womens 200-meter butterfly at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, many people said her success was just good l_(1)_. Now, Lius talent and effort has proved that she is no falling star in world swimming.At the World Cup short-course meet in Berlin on November 15, 2009, Liu broke her own world record that had been set four days earlier in Stockholm, Sweden, in the womens 200-meter butterfly. During the past month, she has won gold medals andb_(2)_ the world record three times in this event.Liu attributes her great success to her tough training. The 20-year-old girl says she hasnt had a day off s_(3)_ she won the silver medal at Rome World Championships in July, 2009.When shes not training, Liu keeps herself away from the noisy world outside. Thats w_(4)_ she never appears on front pages but wins top results in competions.Unlike most players who struggle for victory, Liu doesnt care too m_(5)_ about setting the world record. Even tiny progress can makea new record, which is very common in the pool, Liu said.I believe hard work pays off.Liu started swimming at the age of seven. A_(6)_ being trained at a sports school in Benxi, Liaoning for two years, she joined a swimming club and began her career. In 2007, Liu joined the national s_(7)_ team.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Passage SixIn the early days, using a computer was very hard because of its large size. Douglas Engelbart, a researcher who worked in Silicon Valley, wanted to find a way to make using computers e_(1)_. In 1963, he invented the first computer mouse.Nowadays, a computer mouse is a standard p _(2)_ of a computer. It is used to tell a computer what to do. It got its name because the wire coming out of the end of the first computer mouse reminded people of the t_(3)_ of a real mouse. Many mice today are wireless and run on batteries.The user can move the mouse to move the cursor（指针）shown on the screen in the same direction. If there is something on the screen that the user wants to c_(4)_, he can move the cursor over it and click the l_(5)_ button of the mouse. The right button is used to open menus. Most computer mice have only two or three buttons, but some have more buttons to do more work. They also have a scroll wheel - a small wheel b_(6)_ the two main mouse buttons. The user can move the wheel back or forth to scroll through things like a website or folder（文件夹）, which m_(7)_ moving it up or down on the screen.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Passage SevenIn Denmark, parents are allowed to set up a new school if they are not satisfied with the school in the area where they are living. A_(1)_ these schools have to follow the national courses, they have a lot of c_(2)_ in deciding what to teach. Some of these new schools are called small schools because the number of pupils is only sixty, but at l_(3)_ there should be twenty-seven pupils.Cooleenbridge School in Ireland is a small school similar to the ones in Denmark. It was set up by parents who came from Holland, Germany, England and o_(4)_ parts of Ireland. They came because they wanted to live in the countryside and to grow their own food. In June 1986, they decided to start a school. They m_(5)_ to get an old, disused（废弃的）primary school building and started with twenty-four children a_(6)_ from four to twelve.The teacher says, The important thing in school is doing, not sitting. And so the courses include yoga, cooking, knitting, kite-making, music, fishing, drama and environment s_(7)_, as well as reading, writing, maths and science.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Passage EightBlog is one form of communication that has appeared on the Internet. Blog is short way of saying web log. Through these p_(1)_ web pages, people can share their lives, ideas and opinions with anyone on the Internet. Millions of people throughout the world c_(2)_ and read blogs. There are reportedly thirteen million blogs in the United States alone.People of all ages may have their own blogs. For young people, blogs are a way to show their writings and o_(3)_ forms of self-expression. Blogs can also connect people who have the same i_(4)_.Many websites offer free services to create personal blogs. You can fill your blogs w_(5)_ writing and pictures. These sites are used mainly by teenagers and young adults. My Space, for example, is an online community that lets people s_(6)_ messages and pictures with an increasing number of friends. About one hundred twenty million people now are using My Space. It is one of the most p_(7)_ networking site on the Internet.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Passage NineWhen the London Underground goes on strike, my journey to work can be terrible. I remember a strike, which happened a few years a_1_the station near my house was closed and I had to use another station and take a different train. This a_2_about an hour to my journey, so I wasnt very happy. E_3_went wrong at the station. People were late and they were panicking! By the time I go to the train, I was feeling upset and sorry for myself. Then I saw this man. There was something about him-he had such a familiar f_4_. A few minutes later, I realized that he was Jack, a fiend from my school days in Scotland. At the same time he a_5_realized who I was. Then we started talking about school days and the people we both used to k_6_. I was even more surprised when the train came into my station and he started to get off too! I asked himw_7_he was going and he said he was going to work. He told me he worked in Fitzroy Street. You see, I work in Fitzroy Street, too. Its a small w_8_! It was such an amazing coincidence!1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _Passage TenMost American families are smaller than the families in o 81 countries. Most American families e 82 have one or two children.C 83 in the US will leave their parents home when they grow up. They usually live far f 84 their parents because they want to find good jobs. They often w 85 to their parents or telephone them. And they often go to visit their parents on h 86 .Parents usually let their children choose their o 87 jobs. Americans think it important for young people to decide on their lives by themselves.Children are asked to do some work around their house. And in many families, children are paid (付钱)for d 88 some housework so that they learn how to make money for their own use.Do you often help y 89 parents do housework? Do you want to live with your parents w 90 you grow up ?81. _ 82. _ 83. _ 84. _ 85. _ 86. _ 87. _ 88. _ 89. _ 90. _Passage ElevenLofton is a little village （村庄）in England. It is not f_81_ from the city of Manchester. Not many families l_82_ around the village, so the people all know each o_83_. Most of them are friendly and helpful.Though their homes are in Lofton, many people have jobs in Manchester. S_84_ work in large factories there. A few work in shops o_85_ offices. Most of these people go to work by train. It usually t_86_ _ about half an hour to go from Lofton to Manchester.In the evening a lot of people like watching TV. But if they go to see a film or go to a concert (音乐会), they have to go to Manchester, because there are n_87_ cinemas in Lofton.Like many other villages near towns or cities, it is clean and quiet. So life in Lofton may not be so e_88_ as the life in the b_89_ cities, but it can be just as interesting. That is w_90_ people in Lofton love their village.81. _ 82. _ 83. _ 84. _ 85. _ 86. _ 87. _ 88. _ 89. _ 90. _Passage TwelveYears ago，I lived in a building in a large cityThe building next door was only a few f_1_ away from mineThere was a woman who lived there，whom I had never met，yet I could see her seated by her window each afternoon，sewing or reading After several months had gone by，I began to n_2_ that her window was dirtyEverything was unclear through the dirty windowI would say to myself，“1 wonder why that woman doesnt wash her windowIt really looks t_3_” One bright morning I decided to clean my flat，i_4_ washing the window on the inside Late in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning，I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest What a s_5_! Across the way，the woman s_6_ by her window was clearly visibleHer window was clean! Then it d_7_ on meI had been criticizing(批评)her dirty window，but all the time I was watching hers through my own dirty window That was quite an important l_8_ for meHow often had I looked at and criticized others through the dirty window of my heart，through my own s_9_? Since then，whenever I wanted to judge(评判)someone，I asked myseIf first，“Am I looking at him through my own dirty window?” Then I try to clean the window of my own world so that I may see the world about me m_10_ clearly.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _Passage ThirteenA jobless man applied for the position of “office boy” at a big firm.The HR manager i_1_ him, then a test: clean the floor. “You are hired,” he said, “give me your email address, a_2_ Ill send you the application to fill.” The man replied “I dont have a computer l_3_ alone an email”.“Im sorry,” said the HR manager, “that means you do not exist. And w_4_ doesnt exist cannot have the job.” The man slowly left w_5_ hope. He didnt know what to do, with