历年高考英语宾语英语宾语从句上课讲义.doc

历年高考英语宾语英语宾语从句

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高考英语宾语从句

. 宾语从句的定义
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

一、 关联词
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
从属连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
连接代词：who, whose, what ,which
连接副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
2、 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3、 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
I can’t tell him that his mother died.
4、当it作形式宾语时
例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe．
6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
②在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：
b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1、 if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2、 if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
3、 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
He talks as if he has known all about it.
连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
②连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
③连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.

在试卷中一般依据从句中“缺什么补什么”的原则，结合上下文选用恰当的连词。如：
1. I don’t know who will be our headteacher next semester. 缺指人的主语用who，如缺指物的主语则用what。
2. I doubt what my epal will write soon. 缺指物的宾语用what，如缺指人的宾语则用whom。
3. I think that my deskmate will get through all the major subjects. 句子不缺成分，用that; 如果that后跟有代词，可省略that。
4. She let me know when the meeting would be held. 缺时间状语，用when；缺地点状语，用where；缺原因状语，用why；缺方式状语，用how。
5. I don’t know which / what topic I should choose. 缺定语，用what或which。
6. The teacher asked whether / if I was getting ready for the coming test. 表示“是否（有，能，已经……）”等含义，用whether或if。
7. I’d be interested to know whether he will see the movie“Dawn” or not. 强调是否对比时，用连词whether。

二、 语序
　　 以从属连词（if，whether）、连接代词（what，which，who，whose）和连接副词（when， where，how，why）等引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序。即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
例6　No one can be sure ______ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
例7　The boss went up to ask _____.
A. what the matter was 　B. what’s the matter C. what was the matter 　D. what the matter is
三、 时态
　　宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应:
1. 如果主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词时态可不受约束；
2. 如果主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态须与之呼应；
Eg. I thought he had gone to town today.
3. 当从句叙述的是客观真理时，其谓语动词仍用现在时态。如：
Eg. Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the sun.
例8　The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of the tickets ________.
A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked
例9　We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave　　　　C. had left D. had been away
例10　—Do you work in the lab every afternoon? —No, but sometimes I wish I _________.
A. have time B. had time to do C. have time to D. had time to
四、 宾语从句的减缩式
　　宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。
例11　I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected      　B. to expect　　　　C. to be expecting 　D. expects
例12　It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with     B. what to do it with C. what to do with it     D. to do what with it
例13　The mother didn’t know_____ to blame for the broken glasses as it happened while she was out.
A. who  B. when      C. how        D. what
五、 宾语从句的特殊式
1. 复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。如：
Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. （whoever= anyone who / any person who）
These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.（whatever= anything that）
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever在此处是泛指，不可被what替代。而“I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever。
2. it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。
（1） 动词 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。thatclause中谓语动词前可加should，亦可省略。如：
I think it important that you （should） attend the conference.
（2） 动词+ it + as + 名词 / 形容词 + clause。如：
The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.
（3） 动词+ it + 介词 + thatclause。常见的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把……归功于某人）， leave it to sb. + thatclause（把……留给某人去做）， take it for granted  + thatclause （想当然）， keep it in mind  + thatclause （记住……）。如：
I just took it for granted that he’d always be around.
（4） 动词 + it + clause。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
英语中少数介词很活跃，能带从句作其宾语。如：I go to see a film except when it rains.
3. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句。
当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。如：
Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, didn’t he?
当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think  /  believe  /  suppose / guess / imagine / expect / suspect / feel等时，疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系，此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。如：
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?

例14　The poor young man is ready to accept ________ help he can get.
A. whichever   B. however C. whatever      D. whenever
例15　_____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who   B. The one          C. Anyone  D. Whoever
例16　I’d appreciate _______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that   B. it           C. this   D. you
例17　—I don’t think you could have been used to the quick pace of life while studying in the USA______ you?
—______. I thought of returning to our country at one time.
A. had; Yes     　B. do; Yes　　　　　C. have; No     　D. were; No
例18　With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _______ he was a man of action.
A. which       B. that　　　　C. what       D. whether

宾语从句练习题
类型一：引导词的运用
（1） I don’t know ___________or not．
A． whether he is at home　B． if he is at home
C． that he is at home　 D． whether is he at home
（2） This depends on _________ the weather is fine．
　　A． which　　　 B． whether　　　C． if　　　　　 D． that
（3） The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in．
　　A． which　　　 B． where　　　C． if　　　　　 D． that
（4） I don’t know ________ Mr． Green will come to see us． He’ll help us with our English．
　　A． why　　　　　 B． when　　　 C． how　　　　 D． where
（5） －－Be careful！ Don’t break the bottles． Do you hear ______ I said? David?
　 －－ Yes， Mum
　　A． what　 B． that　 C． why　 D． if
（6） －－－ Do you know _______ Mr Black’s address is?
－－－ He may live at NO．18 or No． 19 of Bridge Street． I’m not sure of ______．
　　A． where， which　　　 B． where， what　　C． what， which　　D． what， where
（7） There is not much difference between the two． I really don’t know _____．
　　A． what should I choose　　　　　　　B． which I should choose
　　C． which should I choose　　　　　　 D． what I should choose

类型二：宾语从句的语序
（1）　Did you find out ______?
　　A． she was looking for whose child　　　B． whose child was she looking for
　　C． whose child she is looking for　　　　D． whose child she was looking for
（2）　Are you interested in _____?
　　A． how did he do it　　 B． he did it how　C． how he did it　D． he how did it
（3）　I don’t know _____． Can you tell me?
　　A． how the two players are old　　　　　 B． how old are the two players
　　C． the two players are how old　　　　　 D． how old the two players are
（4）　－－－ What did the scientist say?
　　－－－ He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day．
　　A． he had to fly　　B． he could fly　　C． can he fly　　D． could he fly
（5）　Excuse me， sir． Could you tell me ____?
　　A． Where the bank nearest　　　　　　　B． where is the nearest bank
　　C． where the nearest bank is　　　　　 D． the nearest bank is where
（6）She asked Tom ________ with his car?
　　A． what the matter was　　　　　　　　 B． what the matter is
　　C． what was the matter　　　　　　　　 D． what is the matter

类型三：时态
（1） It’s 7：30． I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet， Sally．
　　A． haven’t started　 B． didn’t　 C． don’t start　 D． hadn’t started
（2）　The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day．
A． is　　　B． was　　　 C． has been　　　　　　　D． will be
（3）　 The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun．
　　A． goes　　B． go　 C． went　 D． will go
（4）　 We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam．
　　A． have passed　　 B． had passed　　　 C． pass　　　　　D． will pass
（5）　　 “Could you tell me______?” “ Yes． They ____ to the library．”
　　A． where are the twins， have been　　B． where were the twins， have been
　　C． where the twins are， have gone　　D， where the twins were， have gone
（6）　　 Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week．
　　A． will buy　 B． have bought　　C． would buy　 D． buys
（7）　I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday．
　　A． goes　　B． will go　　C． went　　D． have gone

类型四：其他－－－反意疑问句，it做形式宾语
（1）．I don’t think he is right，__________?
　　A．isn’t he　　　　 B．is he　　　　 C．do I　　　　D．don’t I
（2）． He believes she is right， __________?
　　A．doesn’t he　　　　 B．does he　　　　 C．is she　　　　D．isn’t she
（3）．I thought that he disliked playing football，__________?
　　A．didn’t he　　　　 B．did he　　　　 C．did I　　　　D．didn’t I
（4）． I find _____ important that we practice English every day．
　　A． it　　　　　　 B． this　　　　　 C． that　　　　　D． what
（5）． You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift．
　　A． how they were excited　　　　　　　　 B． how excited they were
　　C． how excited were they　　　　　　　　　D． they were how excited

　高考题
　　1．—What did you parents think about your decision?
　　—They always let me do ________ I think I should．　（06 全国Ⅱ）
　　A． when　　　　B． that　　　　　 C． how　　　　　 D． what
　　2．　Please remind me _________ he said he was going． I may be in time to see him off．
　　A． where　　　　B． when　　　　　C． how　　　　　D． what　　（06 全国Ⅰ）
　　3．　Mary wrote an article on　　　　 the team had failed to win the game． （05全国卷）
　　A．why B．what C．who D．that
　　4．Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see________．（2000 上海）
　　A ．who is he　　　B． who he is　　C． who is it　　D． who it is
　　5．　——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time．
　　——What do you consider _______to her?（NMET 1990）
　　A． was happening　　　B． to happen　　C ．has happened　　 D． happening

答案
类型一：ABABACB类型二DCDBCC类型三AAAACCC类型四BAAAB高考题DBADC

例题解析：
例1解析： 待选项在从句中充当to do的宾语，故选C。
例2解析： 由于从句中句意清楚，结构完整，故可排除B、C项；D项用于宾语从句时只起引导词的作用，无词义，同时不充当任何成分，而题干上下文表示因果关系，故选A。
例3解析： 根据句子结构，for后面的从句缺少主语，故答案为C。
例4解析： 答案为C。本题为词组be different from后跟what引导的宾语从句，不要误看作定语从句而选D。
例5解析： 由句式结构可知mention后为宾语从句；do作实意动词时为及物动词，故空格处需要既能作do的宾语，又能引导宾语从句的连词，答案为A。
例6解析： B项是特殊疑问句语序，有悖于宾语从句的陈述语序；C、D项句法、句意均不妥；A项是陈述句语序，故正确。
例7解析： A项易被判断成陈述句语序，颇具迷惑性。实际上，从句中的what作主语，was为系动词，the matter是表语。B、D项时态错误，C项正确。
例8解析：本题主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句中的事件先于主句的事件发生，且是被动，故选B。
例9解析： 根据关键词soon可知动作尚未发生，又因主句谓语动词made为过去时，故选B。
例10解析： 答案为D。wish后接宾语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟形式。
例11解析： 宾语从句减缩式“疑问词+不定式”是解题关键。选项C是不定式的进行时，强调动作“正在进行”，不符合题意，故选B。
例12解析： “疑问词+不定式”作及物动词know的宾语，选项中it代替了the land，故正确答案为C。
例13解析： B、C、D项的疑问词用错，故选A。
例14解析： 本题考查的引导词引导宾语从句，同时作get的宾语。B、D两项在句中是作状语的；由于没有给出明确的指代物，故A项也不合适；答案为C。
例15解析： whoever= anyone （anybody / any person / he） who，答案为D。
例16解析： 答案为B。某些动词和动词短语（如appreciate，like，hate，see to等）后面不能直接带从句，往往需先插入it再带that，if或when引导的从句。
例17解析： 本句带有推测的意味，疑问部分的谓语不能用情态动词。could have been 表示对过去的推测，故疑问部分的谓语应用were与之对应，应选D。
例18解析： 因从句he was a man of action为主系表结构，且表达肯定意义，不缺少句子成分，故选B项。

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