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人教版英语选修8课文原文及课文译文电子教案.doc
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1、人教版英语选修8课文原文及课文译文精品资料人教版英语选修8课文原文及课文译文Unit1 Alandofdiversity 第一单元 一个多元文化的国土ReadingCALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.
2、 The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native
3、Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people
4、suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISH In the 18th century Calif
5、ornia was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the Unite
6、d States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on
7、Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally
8、gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world
9、. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves
10、 despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALS Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the b
11、uilding of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the Chinatowns of Los Angeles and San Francisco. Other immigrants such
12、 as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The ind
13、ustry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have b
14、een living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.MOST RECENT ARRIVALS In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, V
15、ietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.THE FUTURE People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix o
16、f nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.加利福尼亚 加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州,而且是人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州,它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后,你就不会对此感到惊讶了。美洲土著人 最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福
17、尼亚地区的,谁也说不清楚。然而,很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为,这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后,土著人遭受了极大的苦难,成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外,欧洲人带来了疾病,使许多人染病而死,不过,还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。西班牙人 在18世纪的时候,加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的,他们同土著人打仗,并夺去了他们的土地。两个世纪以后,西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来
18、,而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。1821年,墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战,美国赢得战争胜利后,墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是,这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。俄罗斯人 19世纪初期,一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天,住在圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25,000人。淘金矿工 1848年,在美国同墨
19、西哥开战之后不久,在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。一些人死了或回家了,但是尽管条件十分艰苦,多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生,并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。后来的移民 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了,但是更大批量的移民却是在1 9世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天,加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人,尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)的“中
20、国城”里。 19世纪后期,其他国家的移民,比如意大利人来到了加利福尼亚,他们主要是渔民,也有制酒工人。1911年,丹麦的移民建立了自己的城镇,至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。 20世纪20年代,电影业在加州的好莱坞建立了起来。这个行业吸引了大量的欧洲人,包括许多犹太人。今天,加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的,而从20世纪80年代以来就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从1 9世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来,他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而,更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的,当时他们是到船厂和飞机厂工作。最近期的移民 在最近的几十年
21、里,加利福尼亚成了更多的亚洲人的家,包括朝鲜人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。从20世纪70年代以来,计算机工业吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人来到加州。未来展望 世界各地的人,由于受到气候条件和生活方式的吸引,仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常之大,以致不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体,而是多种族、多文化的混合体。Using LanguageReading and writingGEORGES DIARY 12TH14TH JUNEMonday 12th, June Arrived early this morning by bus. Went straight t
22、o hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport
23、than horse-drawn trams. Apparently hed been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a trams brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Had a late lunch at Fishermans What. This is the district where Italian fi
24、shermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now its a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. Its also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay. Did so much exploring at Fishermans What. Am e
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