八年级上短语及固定搭配知识讲解.doc

八年级上 Unit1—Unit3
一．重点短语：
1.on weekends   2.on weekdays  3.as for  4.my eating habits  5.have a healthy lifestyle   6.the same as  7.the result of   8.junk food  9.get good grades   10.see a dentist   11.have a healthy habit    12.be stressed out  3.a balanced diet  14.for example  15.at the moment  16.be sorry to do sth  17.go bike riding  18.take walks=go for walk  19.take a vacation  20.plan to do sth  21.western country   22.take sth with sb 23.depend on 24.host family  25.hardly ever  6.ask sb about sth  27.get back to school  8 .a balance of  29.kind of 
二．考点归纳：
考点1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事
 His father wants him_____(become )an actor.
考点2.try 的用法:
1).try to do sth 尽力干某事
 He tries ______(eat) lots of vegetables and fruit every day .
2).try not to do sth 尽力不干某事
 We try______(not let) my teacher down.
3).try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事
  We should try our best ______ (study) all subjects.
4)词组: try on  试穿 have a try    试一试
考点3.although 的用法:
 although /though 引导让步状语从句，“即使，虽然”，不能与but 连用，但可与yet, still 连用。
考点4.finish doing sth 结束干某事
 I will finish______ (work )out the problem in another two minutes .
考点5.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事
 I can’t wait _____(open)the TV when I get home .
考点6.decide 的用法:
1).decide to do sth 决定干某事
2).decide not do sth 决定不干某事
3).decide on doing sth 决定干某事 
4).同义词组:
 make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 
 He has decided to leave for Wuhan .=
 He has ______ a _____ to leave for Wuhan.=
 He has ____up his_____ to leave for Wuhan.
考点7.plan to do sth 计划干某事
 She is planning ______(take )a vacation in Shanghai next month .
考点8.think about doing st h 考虑干某事
 He thought about ______(go ) to Beijing on vacation .  
考点9.go + v-ing 的用法:
 go fishing    go boating    go skating  go shopping   go hiking  go skateboarding
考点10.句型: It’s + adj +for /of sb to do sth 
 同义句：
1).It’s +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be  +adj 
   2).It’s +adj +of sb +to do sth  = Sb +be +adj + to do sth 
 It is very friendly of you to help me .=_____ _____ friendly to help me .
 It’s very hard for you to work out the math problem .= 
 ______ _____ out the math problem is very hard for you .
八年级上  Unit4---Unit6
一．重点短语：
1.take the subway 2.all over/around the world  .be different from  4.on the school bus 5.study for a test   6.go to the doctor=see a doctor  7.have a piano lesson  8.the day after tomorrow  9.keep quiet /be quiet  e over to  11.be free=have time  12.in some ways   13.look the same  14.in common  15.do the same things as sb.16.use sth to do sth   17.begin with   18.in one’s free time   19.the bus /train /subway station   20.another time    21.means of transportation   22.all kinds of   23.depend on   24.go to concert    25.keep quiet   26.primary school  
二．考点归纳： 
考点1.有关交通工具的同义句：
1).take the train to …  =go to …by train  
   take the bus to …=  go to …by bus  
2).fly to …   = go to … by plane /air  
  walk to ….  = go to …on foot  
  ride a bike to …  = go to …. by bike   
 My uncle went to New York last week .
 My uncle _____ _____ New York last week .
考点2.有关花费时间的句型：
1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth  
2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ).
It took me half an hour to work it out .
I_____ half a n hour ______ it out .
考点3.表示两地相距有多远：
 A +be +距离 +from +B = It’s +距离+from A+ to B.
It is five minutes’ walk from my home to school. = It ______ me five minu tes to _____to school .
考点4.leave ,leave for , leave … for … 
1).leave +地点  “离开某地”
2).leave for +地点  “前往某地”=go to +某地
3).leave +某地+for +某地 “离开某地前往某地”
Mr wang are going to Beijing tomorrow .=
Mr wang are _____ ______ Beijing tomorrow.  
考点5.all …not  = not all  “并非都”  部分否定
注：not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。
 Not all birds can fly . = _____ birds can fly , some can’t .
考点6.the number of / a number of  
1).a number of 许多 = a lot of /many ,
number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large /
small number of ….. 作主语时，谓语用复数。
2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。
 A large number of tourists ______(come )to 
Mountain Tai every year .
 The number of the students in our class ____(be ) 60.
考点7.sick / ill 
 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。
 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。
 She was _______ because of hard work .
 The _____ boy coughed terribly .
考点8.表示客气地请求某人干某事
 1). Would you like to do sth ? 
 2).Could you please do sth ? 
 3).Will /Would you please do sth ?
 4).Can you do sth ? 
考点9.be busy 
 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事
 2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事
 3).be busy 的反义词组 be free / have time 
  I am busy tomorrow .= I _____ _____ = I ______ ______ time .
考点10.whole / all 
1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后， all 位于限定词之前。
2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
 He stayed at home all the afternoon .=
 He stayed at home ______ _____ afternoon.
考点11.however / but 
 however “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。
 He is very busy ,___ __, he always helps me .
 A. and  B. /   C. but   D. however 
考点12.most of / most 
1).most of the +复数名词 “…..中的大多数”
 2).most +复数名词 “大多数的…….”
 _____ the students are clever .
 ______students are clever.
考点13.beat / win /lose
1).beat:打败  后面接打败的人或对象 beat sb 
2).win:赢  后面接比赛的项目（race  , game , match , prize …..）
3).lose:输  lose to sb  输给某人lose sth  输了某物 
Their team beat ours = Their team ______ the match . = Our team ______ _____ theirs.
考点14.do you think 作为插入语
1).位置：放在疑问词之后
2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。
 Do you think ? Who is the man over there ?=
_____ do you think the man _____ over there ?
考点15.常见的不可数名词：
 weather  work   food    news   advice  information  fun   music  paper  
 ______ weather ! we are going to the park .
A. What a good   B.What good  C. How a good   D. How good 
考点16.afford 
1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用 
2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。
3).同义句：can’t afford to  do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth .
 The book is very expensive ,I can’t afford to buy it .= I don’t have _____ _____ to buy it .
考点17.listen to /hear /sound 
1).listen to …仔细倾听  强调听的过程
2).hear … 听到、听见  强调听的结果
3).sound …. 系动词 “听起来…….” 后面接形容词 而sound like +名词
 I _______ her but could ______ nothing .
 It ______ interesting .
考点18.句型：not as ….as  
1).not as… as 之间要用原级 
2).同义句：A + not as/so…as +B= 
  A + 形容词的反义词的比较级 + than + B
= B + 形容词的比较级 + than +A 
Tom is not as tall as I =
Tom is _____ ______ I.
I am ______ _____ Tom .
This book is not as expensive as that one .= 
This book is ______ ______ than that one .
That book is ______ ______ than this book .
八年级（上） Unit7---Unit9
一．重点短语：
1.turn on/ off /up/ down  2.cut up  3.mix up4.pour…into… 5.add… to… 6.hang out 7.watch a dolphin show  8.at the end of  9.take a class/ have a class  10.sleep late 11.go for a drive  12.on my next off  13.in my opinion  14.in the future  15.free time  16.be born   17.ice skating18.a piece of music  19.win first prize  20.major in   21.one teaspoon of  22.a slice of   23.take a photo/photos 24.get one’s autograph   25.have a yard sale26.get wet  27.have a party  28.at the age of 29.because of   30.at the same time  
二．考点归纳：
考点1.finally 的同义词组：
finally = at last = in the end 
Finally he came up with an idea .=
_____ _____ he came up with a n idea .=
_____ ____ _____ he came up with an idea.
考点2.turn on / open 的区别：
1.turn on ：指打开水流，煤气，电灯，电视，收音机等电器的开关。
2.open：指关着的门，窗，箱子打开。
Please _____ the door.
The boy _____ the computer to play games last night .
考点3.into/ in 的区别：
1.into表示 “到……里面去”，进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。
2.in表示 “在……里面”，在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。
There is nothing _____ the blender .  
He put his books ______his backpack and left.
考点4.too…to…的同义句：
too…to…= not…enough to … = so…that…
He is so young that he can’t go to school .=
He isn’t _____ ____ to go school .=
He is _____ young _____ go to school .
The box is too heavy for us to carry .
The box isn’t _____ _____ to carry =
The box is ____ heavy ____ we ____ carry it .
考点5.called 的同义句： 
called = named = with the name (of)
Do you know the girl called Kate ?=
Do you know the girl ______Kate ?=
Do you know the girl _____ _____ _____ (of)Kate ?
考点6.see sb do sth 、see sb doing sth的区别
1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事
2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事
The teacher saw the students _______(read) English when he came in .
Look！Can you see the girl _____(dance) under the tree ?
注：类似的动词有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时，需带上to 
I often notice him go home alone .------
He is noticed _____ _____ home alone.
考点7.at the age of 的同义句：
at the age of = when sb was/ were ….
He began to learn English when he was four.=
He began to learn English ____ ____ ____ ______ four.
考点8.take part in / join 的区别：
1.take part in 表示参加某项活动，运动，事件等。着重强调以主人翁的姿态或在活动中负有责任而参加。
2.join表示加入组织，团体，党派而成为其中一员。
注：join sb in …. 表示“参与某人的活动之中”
He ______ the Party in 1987.
Can you come and _____us in the game ?
Twenty students from our class _________  
the sports meeting last week.
考点9.句型：
 Sb +be the first /last one (person) +to do sth 
某人是第一个或最后一个干某事 
Women and children are the first _______（take）to safety .
考点10.because / because of 的区别：
1.because 后面接从句（除what 从句之外）。
2.because of 后面接名词、代词、名词性短语、what从句。
He didn’t go to the party because he was ill.
He didn’t go to the party ____ _____ his ____.
She was very angry ______what you said .
A. because   B. because of    C./    D. with 
考点11.keep的用法：
1.keep +adj  表示保持某种状态
Keep ______ , The baby is sleeping .
2.keep +sb/sth +adj 表示使某人保持某种状态
We must keep our classroom ______ .
3.keep doing sth . 表示不间断地持续做某事或一直做某事。
It kept _______(rain) all night .
4.keep on doing sth 表示反复做某事。
He kept on _______(make)the same mistakes.
5.keep +sb +doing sth 表示让某人一直做某事。
He kept us _______ (wait )for an hour .
6.keep +sb from +doing sth 表示阻止某人干某事。= stop sb (from )doing sth = prevend sb (from )doing sth .
Because of the heavy rain , we could go to school.= The heavy rain ______ us from ____to school.
考点12.visit 的用法：
1.词性转换：visit -------visitor  
 There are many _______(visit )in the park on May’s Day .
2.词组1).be on a visit to +某地 = visit +某地
      2).one’s first visit to +某地 表示某人第一次参观某地
He is visiting China .=  He is _____ _____ ______ to China.
This is my first visit to Beijing .
注：travel to +某地
Have you traveled to Shanghai ?
考点13.alive / living 的区别： 
1.alive指活的、现存的、有活力的。常作表语，也可放在名词或代词之后作后置定语。
2.living指活着的、现行的、现存的。可作表语，也可放在名词前作定语。
He thinks he is the happiest man ______.
The ______people must remember the dead.
八年级上  Unit10---Unit12
一．重点短语： 
1.grow up   2.somewhere interesting  3.a year or two / one or two years  
4.make money  5.save money  6.more than = over   7.play sports   8.keep fit  
municate with … 10.take out  11.do the dishes   12.do chores   13.do the laundry   14.make the bed  15.living room   16.get a ride = get sb a ride 17.go to a meeting = have a meeting 18.work on   19.take sb for a walk 20.close to / near to  21.in town /in the country /in the city  22.do a survey of 23.the price of  puter programmer25.take acting lesson  26.a part-time job 27.play an instrument28.make the soccer ream29.New Year’s resolution  30.sweep the froor31.fold your clothes  32.have a good quality clothes 
二．考点归纳：
考点1.exercise 的用法：
1.作名词讲：1).作“运动、训练、锻炼”讲，为不可数名词。
           2).作“练习、习题、体操（常用复数形式）”讲，为可数名词。
You should take more ______ and drink more water.
We do morning ______ every day ,but we don’t do eye ______ .
2.作动词讲：锻炼、运动
The old man always ________(exercise )every day.
考点2.borrow/ lend /keep 的区别： 
1.borrow :对主语而言，表示“借进”
 词组：borrow sb sth = borrow sth fro m sb 
2.lend: 对主语而言，表示“借出”
 词组：lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 
3.keep: 借多长时间 
 词组：keep +sth +for +一段时间
注：borrow / lend 的延续性动词是：keep 
May I _____ them _____ you ?=
Could you ______ them ______ me ?
How long can I ______ the book ?
A.lend  B.borrow  C.keep 
考点3.ask的用法：
1.ask sb for sth :向某人要某物
I often ask my teacher for help .
2.ask sb about sth . 向某人询问某事。
May I ask you about the accident ?
3.ask sb sth . 问某人某物
May I ask you some questions ?
4.ask sb to do sth .叫某人干某事
-----ask sb not do sth 
My father often asks me ______(not play)
computer games.
考点4.price的用法：
1.price的修饰词为high/ low.
 注：价格有高低，物品有贵贱，花费有多少。
The trousers are expensive .= The price of the trousers ______ ______ .= The trousers ______me ______.
2.询问价格的句型：
 What’s the price of …..?
 How much is /are …..?
 How much does it cost ? 
考点5.enough的用法：
 enough修饰名词时,可置于名词前面或后面。修饰形容词或副词时，只可放在形容词或副词的后面。
I have enough money /money enough to buy the book.= I _____ ____ to buy the book.
He is so tall that he can reach the apple .
He is _____ _____ to reach the apple .
考点6.英语中的惯用法：
在英语中，时间、距离、钱作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Three years _____(be)not a long time .
Three hundred yuan a night _____(be) expen- -sive.
考点7.invite的用法：
1.词性转换：invite--- -- 名词 invitation 
Thanks for your _______(invite )
2.invite sb to…. 邀请某人参加…..
3.invite sb to do sth  邀请某人干某事
Can I invite you ______(play )basketball with me?
考点8.feed的用法：
1.feed +sb /sth . 喂某人/某东西 
Can you feed my cat while I am away ?
2.feed sth to sb/ sth  把某东西喂给某人或某物
I feed a bottle of milk to th e baby every day.
3.feed on … 以……为主食
People feed on rice .
4.be fed up with …… 厌倦……. 
I am fed up with the life of the city .
考点9.send 的用法：
1.send sb sth = send sth to sb 把某物送给某人
He sent me a postcard yesterday. =
He sent a postcard _____ _____ yesterday.
2.词组：
1).send for sb 派人去请某人来 = ask sb to come 
His mother was badly ill .please send for a doctor .=
His mother was badly ill .please _____ a doctor _____ _____ .
2).send up 发射、往上送
3).send away  开除、撵走
考点10.save的用法：
1.储存、储蓄
 We are saving money for a car.
2.挽救、援救
The doctor saved the patient’s life.
3.节约、节省
They saved much time in their work .
4.词组：save one’s life   save time 
考点11.cloth / clothes / clothing 的区别：
1.cloth作不可数名词，指布料、织物。作可数名词，指一块布，尤指一块抹布。
2.clothes只有复数形式，泛指穿着的衣服。
3.clothing为集合名词，指服装。比clothes 意思更广泛，包括鞋子、帽子等。
I need an old _____ to wash the car .
The woman wears fashionable _______.
China’s ______ industry(工业)is famous around the world.