高中英语人教版必修二-Unit3-课文内容学习资料.doc

高中英语人教版必修二 Unit3 课文内容

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必修二 Unit3 课文内容
1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
本句是由并列连词and连接的并列句。and后的句子中before引导时间状语从句。
△ before引导时间状语从句
before引导时间状语从句时可以根据语境译作“过了……（时间）才……”，“还没来得及……就……”或“在……之前”。
They walked about 30 miles before they saw a village.
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
△ before常用于以下句型中：
⑴ It was + 时间段 + before... “过了……才……”，从句常用一般过去时。
⑵ It was not long before ... “不久就……”，从句常用一般过去时。
⑶ It will not be long before... “不久就会……”，从句常用一般现在时。
⑷ It will be + 时间段 + before... “要过……才……”，从句常用一般现在时。
It was five days before he came back.
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.
It will not be long before they understand each other.
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.
练习：
1. It was evening ______ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
2. Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
3. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ______ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
4. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
5. It was some time _____ we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
6. The American Civil War lasted four years _____ the North won in the end.
A. after B. before C. when D. then
7. –Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
–He rushed out of the room _____ I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
8. –How long do you think it will be______ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
–Perhaps two or three years.
A. when B. until C. that D. before
2. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
本句为简单句。my goal为主语；动词不定式短语to provide...为表语；of high quality作定语，修饰a life.
△ “of + 名词”结构
“of + 名词”结构可在句中作表语、定语和补语。该结构可分为两类：
⑴ 名词有相应的形容词时，“of + 名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value, use, important, help, interest, benefit等。它们可用no, some, any, little, much, great等词修饰。
They are of great help ( = very helpful) to English learners.
In fact, sports can be of great benefit (=very beneficial) to our health.
⑵ 名次没有相应的形容词时，“of + 名词”没有相应的形容词形式。常见的名词有age, size, color, weight, quality, height, price, opinion, shape, kind, way等，这些名词前的限定词常为a, an, the same等。
Mr. Smith, my teacher, is of the same opinion.
We are of the same age.
Tom is of a different way of thinking.
练习：
⑴ – This book by Tony Garrision is ______ for our course.
– But I think his latest one is better worth reading.
A. useless B. of no use C. of great use D. great useful
⑵ 完成句子
① 这项工程对每个人都大有好处。
This project is ______________________________ (benefit) to everyone.
② 同时，性别差异的主题也很有趣。
Also, the topic of sex differences is ____________________________ (interest).
③ 在这个地区，我们学校的教学质量是最好的。
Our school education is ________________________ (quality) in this area.
3. As time sent by I did research into how to make my radio.
本句中as time sent by为as引导的时间状语从句，how to make my radio作介词into的宾语。
△ as引导的时间状语从句
⑴ as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着，当……”，强调主从句的谓语动作同时发生。
As shots rang, people could be seen running out of the building.
⑵ as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”。
He is as old as I (am).
⑶ as引导方式状语从句，意为“照……的方式”。
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
⑷ as引导原因状语，意为“因为，由于”。”
As she has no car, she can’t get there easily.
⑸ as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，此时从句需用部分倒装结构。
Happy as/though they were, there was something missing.
Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
练习：
⑴ Stupid ______ it sounds, I was so in love with her that I believed her.
A. although B. as C. while D. when
⑵ Lessons can be learned to face the future, _______ history cannot be changed.
A. though B. as C. since D. unless
⑶ 完成句子
① 我们最好快一点，因为天就要黑了。
We had better hurry, _________________________________________.
② 尽管她已经很累了，但她想睡觉是没有指望的。
___________________________________, there was no hope of her being able to sleep.
③ 详细的调查显示多达50%的病人没有遵照指示服药。
Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50% of patients do not take drugs ____________________________. (direct)
4. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.
本句为主从复合句。she has seen while watching human games是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词moves；该定语从句中的while watching human games为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式应为while she was watching human games.
△ 状语从句的省略
省略现象一般出现在下列五种状语从句中：
① 由when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；
② 由whether, if, unless等引导的条件状语从句；
③ 由though, although, even if, whatever等引导的让步状语从句；
④ 由as, than等引导的比较状语从句；
⑤ 由as, as if, as though等引导的方式状语从句。
遵循以下原则：
⑴ 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。这时从句中可出现如下结构：
① 连词 + 名词/形容词/介词短语
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.
Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret.
When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.
② 连词 + 现在分词（现在分词与主句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，且现在分词表示的动作与主句谓语动作同时发生）
While (I was) waiting, I was reading some magazines.
③ 连词 + 过去分词（过去分词与主句主语为逻辑上的动宾关系）
When (it is) heated, ice can be changed into water.
④ 连词 + 不定式（构成不定式的动词与主句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，且不定式表示的动作即将发生）
He stood up as if (he was) to say something.
⑵ 当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是it时，从句又含有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一同省略。
If (it is) necessary, I’ll come tomorrow.
练习：
⑴ The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ______, reaching 30℃ in summer.
A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so
⑵ 用括号内词的适当形式填空
① While ________ (visit) the city, they received a warm welcome
② Once ________ (begin), it must be done well.
③ When ________ (ask) to answer questions, you should stand up.
④ He often makes mistakes when ________ (speak) English.
⑤ Unless ________ (repair), the machine is of no use.
⑥ She stood at the gate as if ________ (wait) for someone.
⑶ 完成句子：
① He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if ______________ possible.
② He opened the box, as if __________________ in search of something important.
5. After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’m all about!
本句是主从复合句，介词短语with the help of...中含有which引导的定语从句，先行词为brain；using my intelligence is what I’m all about是句子的主干部分，其中动名词短语using my intelligence作主语，what I’m all about是what引导的表语从句。
△ 动名词（短语）做主语
⑴ 单个的动名词（短语）做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，一般来说，动名词（短语）做主语表示习惯性、经常性的动作。
Talking is an art.
Learning English well is not easy.
② 动名词（短语）作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。此类的常用句型有：
no use/good doing sth. 做某事没用
It is +
useless doing sth. 做某事没用
worthwhile/worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的
It is no use waiting here.
It is no good/use complaining.
It’s worthwhile helping others.
△ ⑴ important, necessary, possible, impossible, essential等形容词用于形式主语结构中，用动词不定式充当真正主语。
It’s important to learn foreign languages.
⑵ 动名词与动词不定式都可以做主语或宾语。动名词通常表示习惯性、经常性的行为；动词不定式则往往表示具体的一次性的动作。
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
练习：
⑴ 用括号内词的适当形式填空
① ________ (say) is easier than ____________.
② It’s no use ________ (cry) over the split milk.
③ It’s necessary ________ (keep) the room clean.
④ ________ (finish) the task in such a short time is hard for me.
⑵ ________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
A. Understanding
B. To be understood
C. Being understood
D. Having understood

现在完成时的被动语态
1. 现在完成时的被动语态的形式
现在完成时的被动语态的基本构成是：have/has been done。但在不同的句式中，其具体形式也有所不同。
⑴ 肯定句形式
主语 + have/has been done + 其他
The bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed.
The chicken has been stewed for two hours.
⑵ 否定句形式
主语 + have/has not been done + 其他
They haven’t been told the exciting new yet, have they?
The second-hand car has not been sold.
⑶ 一般疑问句形式
Have/Has + 主语 + been done + 其他
– Has her work been finished?
– Yes, it has.
⑷ 特殊疑问句形式
特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been done + 其他
How long has the machine been used?
2. 现在完成时的被动语态用法
⑴ 表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already, yet, never, recently等副词及时间状语so far, by now, up till now, since等连用。
The room has already been cleaned. (现在已不用打扫房间)
The doctor hasn’t been sent for yet. （现在应派人去请医生）
真题：
① Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement __________ so far by the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached
C. will reach D. will have reached
② Shakespeare’s play Hamlet __________ into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. had been made B. was made
C. has been made D. would be made
③ Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _________ before leaving their hometowns.
A. promised B. were promised
C. have promised D. have been promised
⑵ 表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语（从句）连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
How long has the project been carried out?
⑶ 用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。
We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished.
真题：
We won’t start the work until all the preparations _________.
A. are being made B. will be made
C. have been made D. had been made
从句中的动作若要表示比谓语动作之前发生，遵循以下原则：
主句：一般现在时/一般将来时 从句：现在完成时
主句：一般过去时 从句：过去完成时
3. 现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项
⑴ 现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has和been，缺一不可。
⑵ 现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：
一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响（或产生了结果）。
The big fire was put out two hours ago.
The big fire has been put out.
真题：
① I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ______ thankfully by the shop window.
A. am held back B. held back C. hold back D. was held back
② – Did you enjoy the party?
– Yes, we ________ well by our hosts.
A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated
③ The diamond mine ________ accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek.
A. discovered B. was discovered
C. has been discovered D. would discovered
⑶ finish, buy, start, begin, return, borrow, join, open等非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
这个工程开始多久了？
【误】How long has this project been started?
【正】How long ago was this project started?
⑷ 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，讲主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，例如：
主动：We have built many bridges in the past ten years.
被动：Many bridges have been built (by us) in the past ten years.
⑸ 带有双宾语的动词，如：give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, sell, buy, ask, pay, lend, offer, hand, pass, get, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保持不变，但要注意间接宾语与介词的搭配。
主动：He has sent me an e-mail.
被动：I have been sent an e-mail.
被动：An e-mail has been sent to me.
⑹ 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
练习：
I．将主动句变为被动句或被动句变为主动句
1. My father has repaired the TV set.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. The teacher has borrowed the books.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. They have asked him some questions.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. The cake has been eaten by him.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. The house has been set fire to by him.
_____________________________________________________________________
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. A lot of survivors ________ (rescue) by the soldiers in that area where the earthquake happened since yesterday.
2. The topic ________ (talk) about for a long time on the Internet.
3. – Why not go into the reading room?
– The door ________ (lock).
4. ________ your new novel ________ (translated) into English recently?
5. The sports meeting of our school ________ (put) off because of bad weather.
6. By now the house ________ (paint) twice.
7. The news ________ (give) away so far.’
8. By the time he was ten years old, he ________ (learn) three foreign languages.
III. 单项选择
1. – Why does the lake smell terrible?
– Because large quantities of water _________.
A. have polluted B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
2. – Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
– Sorry, ___________________.
A. it’s repaired B. it has been repaired
C. it’s being repaired D. it had been repaired
3. Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic ________.
A. had changed B. will change
C. was changed D. has been changed
4. I want to buy this kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______well.
A. have told; washes B. have been told; washes
C. have been told; washed D. was told; washed
5. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western Culture, but when and where ______ yet.
A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
6. The new dictionaries are very useful. They ________ well and ________ already.
A. sell; have been sold out
B. sold; had sold out
C. sell; sell out
D. are sold; have been sold out
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