MLA讲解学习.doc

MLA精品文档（封面一）论文楷体，小四号。编号：中国楷体2号，居中，加重。政法大学 本 科 生 毕 业 论楷体1号，居中，加重。 文The Influence of Context on Speech ActsNew Roman 小二号，居中，加重。语境楷体，二号，居中，加重。对言语行为的影响学以下为楷体，四号字，加重。 号： 专 业：英语姓 名： 学 院：外国语学院年 级： 指导教师:完成日期： 论文成绩： (封面二)The Influence of Context on Speech Acts 二号， 居中，加粗。英文用Times New Roman；中文用宋体by四号，居中Zhang Ping（张平）小三；汉语人名用中文括号Supervisor: Wang Li（王力）SubmittedTimes New Roman, 四号字，居中。 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree of Bachelor of Arts Foreign Language SchoolChina University of Political Science and LawJune 2014Abstractabstract 部分应该包括：1）研究背景信息；2），研究目的；3），研究方法和试验；4）发现和结果，5）重要结论。二号，居中，加粗What is context and what are speech acts? How can context influence speech acts? These questions have aroused many linguists interests for a long time and will be demonstrated in this paper. This dissertation aims at influence of context on speech acts and gives a guide of using proper speech acts in different contexts. 小四，1.5倍行距；首行缩进四个字母；用英文标点。Keywords Keywords小四，加粗，K大写; 需35个关键词，为名词或名词短语形式，字号小四； 关键词除专有名词外均小写，之间用分号隔开。 : context; speech act; communication; restriction收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 摘要二号，居中，加粗何谓语境何谓言语行为？语境对言语行为有何影响？上述问题长期以来一直激发着众多语言学家的兴趣。本文将对这些问题进行探讨，旨在研究语境对言语行为的影响并指导人们在不同的语境中如何正确使用言语行为。小四，1.5倍行距；首行缩进两个汉字；用中文标点。 关键词小四，加粗；关键词之间用分号隔开；用中文标点。：语境；言语行为；交谈；限制Contents1.5倍行距，尽量控制在一页二号，居中，加粗 注：二、三级标题除首字母及专有名词外，均小写。Abstract小四，加粗 .i摘要小四，加粗.iiI.一级标题用大写罗马数字排序。 Introduction .1II. Context and its structure .12.1 Linguists views and definitions of context in dictionaries.12.2 The classification of context 32.3 My viewpoint on context. .7III. Speech act theory .73.1 An introduction to speech act theory.73.2 Austins view on speech acts. .83.3 Searles development on speech act theory.10IV. Restrictions of context on speech acts in communication. 104.1 Restrictions of textual context 114.2 Restrictions of situational context. .114.3 Restrictions of social cultural context.12V. Treating context actively in communication .135.1 Making full use of context .135.2 Creating favorable context .145.3 Using appropriate speech acts in context.14IV. Conclusion . 15References .16Acknowledgments .17I. IntroductionIntroduction 部分应包括：（1）研究问题的背景；（2）前人研究问题的文献综述；（3）需进一步研究的问题及必要性；（4）研究目的；（5）研究的价值、意义或论文的结构。一级标题，四号，加粗，注意不要居中Context and speech act are two important components in communication. Neither of them can be isolated from the other. As a material and social environment of communication, context plays an important role in speech acts and has great influence on them. In our daily life people rarely consider the relations between context and speech act when we are talking or speaking. In fact, the better we understand the influence of context on speech acts, the better we will do in communication.小四，1.5 倍行距，首行缩进四个字母II. Context and its structure一级标题，四号，加粗Context, a word that appears frequently in linguistics, has drawn great attention from scholars in various times. It is recognized that context has a strong impact on expression and exerts a great influence on a persons actions. As a most important element in peoples daily communication, many linguists are working on it and it is also a complexity that linguistics and even other disciplines are facing. “Factors involved in understanding context include reference, presupposition, implicature and inference” (Yang & Tan, 273)直接引用（作者的姓，页数）注意是姓，不是全名。若是中文名字，则用全称，如 (Dai Weidong, 58). But the basic problem for the research is what context is.2.1 Linguists views and definitions of context in dictionaries二级标题，小四，加粗Then the theories of context are further developed by many other linguists, but the most famous one is M.A.K. Hallidays. In his theory of functional grammar, he tries to modify Malinowskis concept of situational context in greater abstraction. His contribution to situational context is best known as his theory of “register”. The term first appeared in his work Language as Social Semiotics. In the work he defines “register” as:A register can be defined as the configuration of semantic resources that a member of a culture typically associates with the situation type. It is the meaning potential that is accessible in a given social context. Both the situation and the register associated with it can be described to varying degrees of specificity, but the existence of registers is a fact of everyday experience (91).大段引用，单倍行距，左右各缩进四个字符。 （页数）2.2 The Classification of contextDifferent definitions of context will naturally lead to different ways of classification. Some linguists make a distinction between “context of situation” and “context of culture”, and some other scholars classify it into broad context and narrow context, but most people agree that context can be divided into linguistic context and non-linguistic context.In Catfords theory (1965)间接引用，只需注明年份, context can be divided into context of situation and context of language. In his work he pointed out that context refers to context of situation, i.e. those elements of the extra textual situation refer to the situations that are related to the text.IV. ConclusionThe influence of context on speech acts is such a complicated subject that a thesis like this only can explain a very small part of it. Based on the achievements made by the former scholars and linguists, this paper has given a general interpretation of influence of context on communication. Meanwhile I believe that communication can only exist in context and an utterance will be meaningless without a given context.The discussion of influence of context on speech acts is related with various factors and each of the factors can be an independent topic. Take context for example, from what weve discussed, we know that it can be divided into several types and different scholars have different views, but we give more words on textual context, situational context and cultural context. I sincerely hope that this thesis will be of some help to our daily communication and contribute to further discussion on this issue.在新的一页开始先列英文书刊，再列中文书刊References不用序号，使用工具栏“表格”中的“A-Z”自动排序功能Doe, John R. Title of an Article. Title of a Scholarly Journal 18 (1987): 112-28.Dole, Jane Q. Title of an Article. Title of a Magazine 12 Aug. 1999: 16.行距仍然采用1.5倍Lastname, Firstname. Title of a Sample Book. City: Publisher, 2006. Maner, Martin. Women and Eighteenth-Century Literature. 14 Apr. 1999. Wright State University. 9 Aug. 1999 .“plagiarism. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 2007. A. 26 Jul. 2007 程曾厚. “普通语言学教程选读”. 胡明扬主编. 西方语言学名著选（第 2 版).北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 1999.冯志伟.现代语言学流派(修订本). 西安: 陕西人民出版社, 1999.所有参考文献在文中都分别出现过-这就是所说的co-referential。必须做到这一点。桂灿昆.索绪尔思想对美国结构主义语言学派的影响.中山大学学报, 4（1963）:21-26.注意参考文献信息的完整性，以及 期刊、网络和专著 文献的格式区别