IEC 61400-4:2012 风力涡轮机 第4部分:风力发电机齿轮箱的设计要求.pdf
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1、 IEC 61400-4 Edition 1.0 2012-12 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Wind turbines Part 4:Design requirements for wind turbine gearboxes IEC 61400-4:2012(E)colourinside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2012 IEC,Geneva,Switzerland All rights reserved.Unless otherwise specified,no part of this pub
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8、 If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance,please contact the Customer Service Centre:csciec.ch.IEC 61400-4 Edition 1.0 2012-12 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Wind turbines Part 4:Design requirements for wind turbine gearboxes INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSI
9、ON XG ICS 27.180 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-83220-506-8 Warning!Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.colourinside 2 61400-4 IEC:2012(E)CONTENTS FOREWORD.7 INTRODUCTION.9 1 Scope.10 2 Normative references.10 3 Terms,definitions and conventions.12 3.1 Terms and defini
10、tions.12 3.2 Conventions.15 4 Symbols,abbreviations and units.17 4.1 Symbols and units.17 4.2 Abbreviations.21 5 Design for reliability.23 5.1 Design lifetime and reliability.23 5.2 Design process.24 5.3 Documentation.26 5.4 Quality plan.26 6 Drivetrain operating conditions and loads.27 6.1 Drivetra
11、in description.27 6.1.1 General.27 6.1.2 Interface definition.27 6.1.3 Specified requirements across interfaces.28 6.2 Deriving drivetrain loads.28 6.2.1 Wind turbine load simulation model.28 6.2.2 Wind turbine load calculations.29 6.2.3 Reliability of load assumptions.29 6.3 Results from wind turbi
12、ne load calculations.29 6.3.1 General.29 6.3.2 Time series.30 6.3.3 Fatigue load.30 6.3.4 Extreme loads.31 6.4 Operating conditions.31 6.4.1 General.31 6.4.2 Environmental conditions.31 6.4.3 Operating strategies.32 6.5 Drivetrain analysis.32 7 Gearbox design,rating,and manufacturing requirements.32
13、 7.1 Gearbox cooling.32 7.2 Gears.33 7.2.1 Gear reliability considerations.33 7.2.2 Gear rating.33 7.2.3 Load factors.34 7.2.4 Gear materials.36 7.2.5 Subsurface initiated fatigue.37 7.2.6 Gear accuracy.37 7.2.7 Gear manufacturing.37 7.3 Bearings.38 7.3.1 General.38 61400-4 IEC:2012(E)3 7.3.2 Bearin
14、g reliability considerations.38 7.3.3 Bearing steel quality requirements.39 7.3.4 General design considerations.39 7.3.5 Bearing interface requirements.42 7.3.6 Bearing design issues.43 7.3.7 Bearing lubrication.46 7.3.8 Rating calculations.47 7.4 Shafts,keys,housing joints,splines and fasteners.50
15、7.4.1 Shafts.50 7.4.2 Shaft-hub connections.50 7.4.3 Flexible splines.51 7.4.4 Shaft seals.51 7.4.5 Fasteners.51 7.4.6 Circlips(snap rings).52 7.5 Structural elements.52 7.5.1 Introduction.52 7.5.2 Reliability considerations.53 7.5.3 Deflection analysis.53 7.5.4 Strength verification.53 7.5.5 Static
16、 strength assessment.54 7.5.6 Fatigue strength assessment.58 7.5.7 Material tests.62 7.5.8 Documentation.63 7.6 Lubrication.63 7.6.1 General considerations.63 7.6.2 Type of lubricant.64 7.6.3 Lubricant characteristics.65 7.6.4 Method of lubrication.66 7.6.5 Oil quantity.67 7.6.6 Operating temperatur
17、es.68 7.6.7 Temperature control.68 7.6.8 Lubricant condition monitoring.69 7.6.9 Lubricant cleanliness.69 7.6.10 Lubricant filter.70 7.6.11 Ports.71 7.6.12 Oil level indicator.71 7.6.13 Magnetic plugs.71 7.6.14 Breather.72 7.6.15 Flow sensor.72 7.6.16 Serviceability.72 8 Design verification.72 8.1 G
18、eneral.72 8.2 Test planning.72 8.2.1 Identifying test criteria.72 8.2.2 New designs or substantive changes.73 8.2.3 Overall test plan.73 8.2.4 Specific test plans.73 8.3 Workshop prototype testing.74 8.3.1 General.74 4 61400-4 IEC:2012(E)8.3.2 Component testing.74 8.3.3 Workshop testing of a prototy
19、pe gearbox.74 8.3.4 Lubrication system testing.75 8.4 Field test.75 8.4.1 General.75 8.4.2 Validation of loads.75 8.4.3 Type test of gearbox in wind turbine.76 8.5 Production testing.77 8.5.1 Acceptance testing.77 8.5.2 Sound emission testing.77 8.5.3 Vibration testing.77 8.5.4 Lubrication system co
20、nsiderations.77 8.5.5 System temperatures.77 8.6 Robustness test.77 8.7 Field lubricant temperature and cleanliness.77 8.8 Bearing specific validation.78 8.8.1 Design reviews.78 8.8.2 Prototype verification/validation.78 8.9 Test documentation.79 9 Operation,service and maintenance requirements.79 9
21、.1 Service and maintenance requirements.79 9.2 Inspection requirements.79 9.3 Commissioning and run-in.79 9.4 Transport,handling and storage.80 9.5 Repair.80 9.6 Installation and exchange.80 9.7 Condition monitoring.80 9.8 Lubrication.80 9.8.1 Oil type requirements.80 9.8.2 Lubrication system.80 9.8
22、.3 Oil test and analysis.81 9.9 Operations and maintenance documentation.81 Annex A(informative)Examples of drivetrain interfaces and loads specifications.82 Annex B(informative)Gearbox design and manufacturing considerations.93 Annex C(informative)Bearing design considerations.96 Annex D(informativ
23、e)Considerations for gearbox structural elements.122 Annex E(informative)Recommendations for lubricant performance in wind turbine gearboxes.125 Annex F(informative)Design verification documentation.140 Annex G(informative)Bearing calculation documentation.143 Bibliography.151 Figure 1 Shaft designa
24、tion in 3-stage parallel shaft gearboxes.15 Figure 2 Shaft designation in 3-stage gearboxes with one planet stage.16 Figure 3 Shaft designation in 3-stage gearboxes with two planet stages.17 Figure 4 Design process flow chart.25 Figure 5 Examples of bearing selection criteria.39 61400-4 IEC:2012(E)5
25、 Figure 6 Blind bearing assembly.45 Figure 7 Definition of section factor npl,of a notched component.56 Figure 8 Idealized elastic plastic stress-strain curve.57 Figure 9 Synthetic S/N curve(adapted from Haibach,2006).60 Figure A.1 Modular drivetrain.82 Figure A.2 Modular drivetrain with 3-point sus
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