仁爱初中英语七、八、九年级所有知识点归纳讲课稿.doc

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仁爱英语七、八、九年级所有知识点归纳
仁爱英语七年级上册知识点归纳
Unit 1 Making New Friends
一、 元音字母： Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu
包含有以下元音的字母：
[eɪ]  Aa  Hh  Jj  Kk         [i:]  Ee  Bb  Cc Dd  Gg  Pp Tt  Vv   [aɪ] Ii  Yy  
[ju:]  Uu  Qq  Ww   [e] Ff  Ll  Mm  Nn  Ss  Xx  Zz
二、 大小写
句首字母，人名，地名，称呼语，专有名词，星期的首字母要大写，引人注意。
1. Look！Is that Jane?
2. He comes from Hubei, China.
3. Mr. Wang, this is my mom.
4. What class are you in?
—I’m in Class Ten, Grade Seven.
5. On Sunday, we go to the West Hill for a picnic.
三、 问候语
1. Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
2. Hello!/ Hi! ---Hello!/ Hi!
3. Nice/ Glad to see/ meet you. ---Nice/ Glad to see/ meet you, too.
4. Welcome to China/ my home. ---Thanks.
5. How do you do? ---How do you do?
6. How are you? ---Fine, thank you. And you? ---I’m OK.
7. See you then/ later. ---See you.
8. Goodbye. ---Bye.
9. Thank you. ---You’re welcome./ That’s OK./ Not at all.
四、 数字句型
1. How old are you/ is he/ are they? ---I’m/ He is/ They are eleven.
2. What’s your telephone number? ---It’s 4567967.
3. What class/ grade are you in? --- I’m in Class Ten, Grade Seven.（注意大小写）
五、 重要句型及短语
1. What’s your name? ---My name is Sally.
2. Where are you from? ---I’m from China.
Where do you come from? ---I come from China.
3. Where is he/ she from? ---He/She is from Japan.
4. What’s this/ that in English? --- It’s a/ an……
5. What’re these/ those in English? ---They’re……
6. How do you spell it? ---E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser.
7. Can you spell it? ---Yes, M-A-P, map.
六、 Be动词的用法
• 我用am，你用are，is用于他、她、它，单数用is，复数就用are。
• 含be动词的陈述句变否定句在be后加not，变一般疑问句将be提前。
• 一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes,人称代词+ be；否定回答：No, 人称代词+be + not。
如：They are teachers.
----They are not teachers.
----Are they teachers?
----Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.
七、 (1)不定冠词a, an的用法:
a /an 都表示“一，一个”，a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,如：a book; a desk; an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前，如：an apple / an orange/ an English book;/ an English boy/ an old man;/an actor/ an English teacher/ an office worker.
（2）the是定冠词，表特指，单复数前面都可用
• We are in the same class.
• The girl in a pink skirt is Jane.
• Where is the book?
• This isn’t my bike. The blue one is mine.
(3) and 的用法
• 数字相加看做单数： Two and three is five.
• 颜色相加也是单数: Black and white is gray.
• 人和事物相加是复数：Lucy and Lily are sisters. The pen and the eraser are Jane’s
八、 名词单复数
1. 名词变复数规则
（1）规则变化
1）一般在名词词尾加--s，如：car----cars; photo---photos; toy---toys; boy---boys
2）以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词，在词尾加---es，如：box---boxes; bus---buses
3）以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es，如：baby---babies; family---families
4）以fe结尾，变fe为v再加es，如：knife--- knives
（2）不规则变化：
如：foot---feet; man---men; woman---women; snowman---snowmen;
2. 集体名词：people, clothes, police, family
3. 成双出现的名词：shoes, pants(trousers), gloves, eyes, ears
一词多义：An orange is orange.

重点词组：
1、Good morning/ afternoon / evening    早上/下午/晚上好
2、 glad / nice to meet / see you   见到你很高兴 glad / nice to meet / see you, too
3、 welcome to + 地点    欢迎来到…… (回答：Thank you 或者Thanks)
4、 this is-----     这是…… （用于介绍第三者的用语）
5、How do you do ?你好 （回答也是：How do you do ? ）
6、 How are you ?  你好吗？ Fine, thank you .And you?     很好；谢谢；你呢？    
I’m OK / I’m fine , too .   我也很好。
7、see you = see you later = good-bye        再见
8、excuse me          打扰一下；请问
9、 I’m ……= my name is ……   我是……
10、 be from = come from      来自
11、in English 用英语
12、Can you spell it ?   Yes / No  你能拼写它吗？   能/不能
13、That’s OK / That’s all right / You’re welcome / Not at all    不用谢
14、…… years old                  ……岁
15、telephone number     电话号码 QQ number QQ号码 ID number 身份证
16、the same （相同的） 反义词是 different （不同的）
例: We are in the same grade, but we are in different classes.
 句型：
1. What is your name? 你的名字是什么？
2. Where +be + 主语 + from? 某人来自于哪里？（回答：主语+be+地点）
Where are you from? I am from Quan Zhou.
3. How old + be + 主语？    某人几岁？ (回答： 主语 + be + 数字 )
例： How old are you ? I’m fourteen.
4. What is your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少?
（回答：My telephone number is……或者It’s ……）
注意：读出号码的时候要逐个读出。
5. What class / grade +be + 主语 + in ?      某人在哪一个班级/年级？
  例：What class are you in ?
I am in Class Five. (注意：Class 和 Five需要大写）
What grade are you in?
I am in Grade Seven.（注意：Grade 和 Seven需要大写）
6.   What’s this/ that (in English) ?    这是什么？
（回答：It’s a/an + 单数名词. 这是……）
  What’re these/ those (in English)? 这些是什么？
（回答：They’re + 复数名词 这些是……）
7.  How do you spell it?    你怎么拼写它？ E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser. (注意拼读方法)

Unit 2 Looking Different
一、 重点句型
1. Who is your favorite actor?
2. We are in the same school, but we are in different grades.
3. What do/does +主语+look like? ……长得怎么样？
What does he look like? --- He is not very tall but very strong.
---She is tall and has short brown hair.
4. We don’t look the same, but we are good friends.
We look the same, but we are in different clothes.
5. What color is/are +主语？---It’s/ They’re +颜色.
What color is her hair? --- It’s blond.
6. This is my cap. = This cap is mine.
Is this your cap? = Is this cap yours?
Whose cap is this? = Whose is this cap? --- It’s Sally’s.
Whose are these bananas? --- They’re their bananas/ theirs.
7. His pants are blue and mine are white.(mine=my pants)
My T-shirt is green and his is brown.(his=his T-shirt)
8. I have small eyes, but he has big ones.（ones指代eyes）
My jacket is blue and white. That one is blue. （one指代jacket）
二、 重点短语
1. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
Please give it to her.
2. look the same 长相相同 look different 长相不同，看起来不一样
3. look like看起来像
He looks like his father. = He and his father look the same.
4. next to 在……旁边
The boy next to me is my good friend.
5. in +颜色 穿着……颜色的衣服
in +a/an +颜色+衣服 穿着……颜色的……
The boy in a yellow T-shirt and gray pants is my good friend.
6. (1)both两者都（Be动词之后，实义动词之前）
They both have brown hair and black eyes.
They are both office workers.
(2)all 三者或三者以上都
They are all kind to me.
7. 数字+(形状、大小)+颜色+n. two big red apples
She has short blond hair.
三、 动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式
（一）动词前是第三人称单数形式（he、she、it；单一的人；单一的名字；单一的事物）：动词要用单三形式。 实义动词变第三人称单数的规则：
1）一般情况直接加“s”，如：come----comes，meet----meets
2) 动词以o，s，sh，ch, x结尾，加“es”，如：do---does; go----goes; teach---teaches;
3) 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加es, 如:study---studies, fly---flies, try---tries
4）特殊情况：have----has
（二）句型转换：
1）当主语为第三人称单数：变否定句时，在动词前加doesn’t, 动词现原形；变一般疑问句时，在句首加does，动词现原形。
一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+does。
否定回答：No, 人称代词+doesn’t 如：
She has small eyes.
---She doesn’t have small eyes.
---Does she have small eyes?
---Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t.
2) 当主语为除第三人称单数之外的人称:变否定句,在动词前加don’t;变一般疑问句,在句首加do,肯定回答:Yes,人称代词+do.否定回答:No,人称代词+don’t.
They have small eyes.
---They don’t have small eyes.
--- Do they have small eyes?
---Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
四、 表示所属关系
1. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
形容词性物主代词 my your his her our their its
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers ours theirs its
• --Whose is this pen? Is it yours?
• --No, it’s not mine. My pen is blue.
2. 名词所有格，用于人或其他表示有生命的名词后：
• 单数或不以s结尾的复数+’s，如：Jane’s book Women’s Day
• 以s结尾的复数+’ 如： Teachers’ Day
• Lucy’s and Lily’s bags分有 Lucy and Lily’s room共有
Those are Jane’s shoes.= Those shoes are Jane’s.
3. of 表示所属关系，用于没有生命的物体，如a map of China a photo of my family

词组：
1、sb. + has/ have (an /a) + adj. + 五官    = sb.’s 五官 is / are + adj. (描述长相)
例：Lily has a small nose. = Lily’s nose is small.
2、 I know = I see      我明白了
3、That’s right      那是对的
4、 look the same  =  look like 看起来相像 look different  看起来不同
  例： Jim and Lilei look the same.== Jim looks like Lilei. .
5、look at  + N    看某物 look for +N 寻找某人/某物 look after +N 照顾某人
6、both 两者都…… all 三者或者三者以上都……
Both 和 all位于 be动词或情态动词后，位于行为动词前。
例： We are both students. We both have black eyes. We can both speak English.
7、 give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.    把某物给某人；
(注意：如果sth.是it或them，只能用前者)
8、have different looks  = look different 有着不同的长相 (看起来不相像)　
have the same looks = look the same 有着相同的长相 (看起来很相像)
9、over there    在那边
10、 in + 颜色      或 in a/an/the +颜色+衣服    表示穿着……颜色的衣服
常常接在名词的后面，表示穿…颜色衣服的…
如 The girl in red is my sister. = The girl in a red coat is my sister.
11、  too + adj.     太……
12、 pants 和 shoes 做主语,谓语动词用复数；
但a pair of pants/ shoes 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
例： His shoes are black. A pair of shoes is under the bed.
13、 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在早上/下午/晚上 at night 在晚上
14、  go shopping = do some shopping 去购物
类似的有 go swimming go fishing go skating 等等
15、  help sb. (to) do sth = help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事
注意：sb. 用代词时必须用宾格
16、  high school 中学
17、 think of 认为，想 think about = think of考虑，思考 I think + 从句: 我认为……
I think he you are right. 否定式常否定主句，但翻译时要否定后面的从句
例：I don’t think he can come. 我认为他不会来了.(不能说：我不认为他会来)（否定转移）

句型：
1、       What do/does + 主语 + look like ?    询问人的长相
例： What does your English teacher look like ? 你的英语老师长什么样？
2、      What’s ---and ---?     ……加……是什么？（回答：It’s ------）
例：What’s red and yellow? It’s orange. What’s two and five? It’s seven.
3、 Whose + 东西 + is this/ that ? 　这/那是谁的…？
Whose + 东西 +are these/ those ? 这些/那些是谁的…？
例：Whose coat is this ?　 It is mine.
Whose shoes are these? They are hers.
4、 Who is the letter from? 这封信来自于谁？ It’s from Lily. 它来自于莉莉。
5、 What color be + 东西？ (回答：It’s +颜色 或者 They’re + 颜色)
例：What color is your dress? It’s black.

Unit 3 Getting Together
一、 重点短语
1. Could you please + 动词原形……？用来表示委婉的请求
Could you please tell me your name?
--- Sure/ No problem. My name is Sally.
--- Sorry.
2. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事
3. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
Please tell me your name. = Please tell your name to me.
Please tell Maria about it. 请把这件事告诉玛丽亚吧。
4. help sb. do sth.= help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人，帮助某人做某事
Please help us find him.
Could you please help me with English?
注：would, will, could, can, may是情态动词，后面跟动词原形，无人称和时态的变换。
= Could you please help me study English?
5. want to do sth.= would like to do sth. 想要做某事
want sth. = would like sth. 想要某物
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做……
He wants to visit Beijing. = He would like to visit Beijing.
I want/would like an orange.
Jane wants Kangkang to sing some songs with her.
6. show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看
Maria shows a photo of her family to Kangkang.
7. My English is very good. =I can speak English very well.
8. live in+ 地点 居住在某地
live with + sb. 和某人住
He live in China with his parents.
9. know a lot about…… 知道许多关于……的事
He knows a lot about China.
10. say表示说话的内容，speak表示说某种语言的能力
What does he say in the letter?
He can speak some English.
11. 对事物的喜欢程度
like……very much/a lot非常喜欢
like……a little 有点喜欢
don’t like……at all 一点都不喜欢
Many students in our class like English a lot, but I like it a little.
He doesn’t like chocolate at all.
12. a lot=very much放在句末，修饰动词，“非常，很” 例：I like the boy a lot/ very much.
a lot of或lots of+可数名词复数/不可数名词
I have a lot of English books. These books help me a lot with my English.
13. every day 每天 each other 相互，彼此　 help each other / talk to each other
14. some of them他们中的一些 many of them他们中有很多
eat out 下馆子，到外面吃饭
15. play with sb. 和某人一块玩耍
16. like to do 与like doing sth. 喜欢(做)某事
辨析：
like doing　　表示：长期喜欢，有爱好的意思
like to do 　表示：临时喜欢，常指某个具体的动作。可翻译成：想做某事
如：She likes swimming.她喜欢游泳。（经常性的爱好）
She likes to swim this afternoon.她今天下午想游泳。（特指某一次的动作）
另外,在搭配(使用方法)上,还有一点区别
1.“ like to do ”一般与 “ would ” 搭配表示意愿。
例：I would like to swim with you . 我愿意和你去游泳。
Would you like to skate? 你愿意去滑冰吗？
2“ like doing ” 表示爱好
例：I like watching TV . 我喜欢看电视。
Do you like singing? 你喜欢唱歌吗？
17. Help yourself/yourselves to sth. 随便吃(喝)……
18. be kind to sb. 对某人很友好
They are all kind to me. 他们对我很友好。
It’s very kind of you. 你真好。
19. be glad to do sth. 很高兴(乐意)做……
I am very glad to be here. 我很乐意在这里。
Glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
20. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事（let：使役动词）
Let me see.让我想一想。
Let us help you find him. 让我们帮助你找到他。
21. I am home. 我到家了。
Maria isn’t at home/in now. 玛丽亚现在不在家。
Welcome to my home. 欢迎来我家。
It’s time to go home. 该回家了。
二、 重点句型
1. 实义动词变一般疑问句及其回答：
Does he speak English? --- Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.
Do you like Chinese? --- Yes, I like it very much/ a lot/ a little.
--- No, I don’t like it at all.
2. 询问职业及工作地点：
What does your mother do?(书面)
What is your mother?(口语) --- She is an English teacher.
Where does she work? --- She works/ teaches/studies ……
in a school / hospital / restaurant on a farm in an office
3. 介绍家人
This is a photo of my family.
The young woman in red is my mother.
Is the young woman in red your mother?(变一般疑问句)
Who is the young woman in red?(对划线部分提问)
My grandparents, my cousin and I are on the sofa.
I have a big family. 我有一个大家庭。
I love my family. 我爱我的家。
4. 有用的就餐表达语
1) Would you like something to drink ? 想不想喝些东西？
---Yes, a glass of apple juice, please. / No, thanks.
something to drink 一些喝的东西 something to eat一些吃的东西
2) What would you like to have / eat / drink ? 你想吃（喝）些什么？
---I’d like some rice and chicken. / Let me see. 我想想看。
3) Would you like to have dinner with me? 想和我共进晚餐吗？
---Yes, I’d love to. / Yes, I’d like to.
---- I’m sorry I have to…
4) What do you usually have for breakfast? 你通常早餐吃什么？
---I usually have milk and bread for breakfast.
have … for breakfast/ lunch / dinner 早/午/晚餐吃……
5) May I take your order ,sir ? 请问，要点菜了吗？
---Fish with vegetables and rice , please .
6) May I help you ? = Can I help you ? =What can I do for you ? 请问要吃/喝/买些什么？
5. 委婉地请求、提建议的五种表达
Would you like sth. / to do …? 你愿意/想……？
What / How about sth. / doing …? ……怎么样？
Why not do …? = Why don’t you do …? 为什么不……？
Let’s do …! 让我们干……吧！
肯定回答:Yes, I’d like/love to. /Good idea. /OK. / All right./ I’d love that./
Thanks, that would be very nice.
否定回答: No, thanks. / I’m sorry I can’t, I have to do…/
I’d like that, but I’m sorry I have no time.
三、 人称代词的主格与宾格：
点拨：主格在句子中充当主语，放在动词之前；
宾格放在动词之后构成动宾短语，放在介词之后构成介宾短语。
主格
I
we
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
him
her
it
them
Do you know them? --- Yes. They are my new classmates.
Do they go home with us? 他们和我们一块回家吗？
四、 可数名词与不可数名词
1. 可数名词：可以用数目来计数的名词，有单数和复数之分。
如banana, egg, apple, orange, noodles, vegetable, hamburger
2. 不可数名词：不能用具体的数目来表示，前面不能加a/an,没有复数形式。
如milk, chicken, bread, Coke, coffee, rice, juice, fish, tea, water, chocolate
3. 不可数名词若要表示数量，可用：数词+量词+ of + 不可数名词/可数名词复数。
如：a glass of milk 一杯牛奶； ten bottles of apple juice十瓶橙汁；a pair of shoes/pants;
ten loaves of bread 十条面包； five kilos of apples 五公斤苹果;
some/ a lot of +可数名词的复数/ 不可数名词
4 many +可数名词的复数
much +不可数名词
五、 书信的格式
1. 称呼：顶格写，常用Dear … 开头，表示亲切、客套，后面用逗号。
2. 正文：从称呼的下一行开始写，开头空两格。
3. 结束语：正文下面的客套话，写在右下角，首字母大写，末尾用逗号，常用Yours。
4. 签名：指写信人的签名，写在结束语的下面。

词组：
1. Could you （please）……           （后接动词原形） 你愿意做某事吗？
May I …… （后接动