有机化学第四版汪小兰课后题答案省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

离子键化合物共价键化合物熔沸点高低溶解度溶于强极性溶剂 溶于弱或非极性溶剂硬度高低SP 杂化有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第一章绪论1.11.2NaCl 与 KBr 各 1mol 与 NaBr 及 KCl 各 1mol 溶于水中所得溶液相同。因为二者溶液 因为 CH4 与 CCl4 及 CHCl3 与 CH3Cl 在水中是以分子状态存在，所以是两组不一样混合物。1.3C+624H+11CH43HHHCyzx2pyxyz2pzxyz2px1s 2s 2p 2p 2pyxz2sCH4 中 C 中有4个电子与氢成键 为 SP3 杂化轨道,正四面体结构HCH1.4a.H C C HH HHCH或 H CHb.HH C ClHc.H N HHd.H S He.H O NOOf.OH C Hg.HH Hh.H C C HH HOH O P O HOHOH O P O H 或Oi.H C C Hj.OOH O S O HOOH O S O H或1.5b.ClCClHHc.HBrHCd.ClClCle.H3COHH3COCH3f.1.6电负性 O S,H2O 与 H2S 相比，H2O 有较强偶极作用及氢键。-1-第1页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第二章饱和脂肪烃2.1a.2,4,4三甲基正丁基壬烷butyl2,4,4trimethylnonaneb.正己烷hexanec.3,3二乙基戊烷3,3diethylpentaned.3甲基异丙基辛烷 isopropyl3methyloctane e.甲基丙烷（异丁烷）methylpropane (iso-butane)f.2,2二甲基丙烷（新戊烷）2,2dimethylpropane(neopentane)g.3甲基戊烷methylpentaneh.甲基乙基庚烷5ethyl2methylheptane2.2a=b=d=e为 2,3,5三甲基己烷c=f为 2,3,4,5四甲基己烷2.3a.错，应为 2,2二甲基丁烷Cb.c.d.f.e.错，应为 2,3,5三甲基庚烷错，应为 2,3,3三甲基戊烷h.2.5g.cbead2.63 种123ClClCla 是共同2.72.8BrBrHHHHABBrHBrHHHCBrHHBrHHDBrBrHHHH2.10这个化合物为2.11稳定性cab第三章不饱和脂肪烃3.1用系统命名法命名以下化合物a.2乙基丁烯ethyl1buteneb.2丙基己烯propyl1hexenec.3,5二甲基庚烯3,5dimethyl3heptened.2,5二甲基己烯2,5dimethyl2hexene3.2-2-第2页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案a.b.错，应为1丁烯c.d.e.f.错，应为2,3二甲基戊烯g.h.3.4错，应为2甲基3乙基己烯以下烯烃哪个有顺、反异构？写出顺、反异构体构型，并命名。答案：c,d,e,f 有顺反异构Cc.C2H5HCCH2IH(Z)1碘2戊烯(E)1碘2戊烯CCCH2IHHC2H5d.CCCH(CH3)2HH3CHCCHCH(CH3)2H3CH(Z)4甲基2戊烯(E)4甲基2戊烯e.CCHCH(Z)1,3戊二烯HH3CCH2CCHCH(E)1,3戊二烯H3CHCH2f.CHC(2Z,4Z)2,4庚二烯HH3CCCHC2H5HCHCHH3CCCHHC2H5(2Z,4E)2,4庚二烯CHCH3CHCCHHC2H5(2E,4E)2,4庚二烯CHC(2E,4Z)2,4庚二烯H3CHCCHC2H5H3.5完成以下反应式，写出产物或所需试剂a.CH3CH2CH=CH2H2SO4CH3CH2CH CH3OSO2OHb.(CH3)2C=CHCH3HBr(CH3)2C-CH2CH3Brc.d.CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH-CH3OHe.+CH3CH2CHOf.CH2=CHCH2OHCl2/H2OClCH2CH-CH2OH1).BH32).H2O2,OHH2O/H+1).O3(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH3 2).Zn,H2O CH3COCH3OH3.61己烯正己烷Br2/CCl4or KMnO4无反应褪色正己烷1己烯3.7-3-第3页HH有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案CH2=CHCH2CH3CH3CH=CHCH3或3.8将以下碳正离子按稳定性由大至小排列：CH3CH3 CH3H3C C CH+CH3CH3H3C C CHCH3CH3H3C CCH3+CH2 CH23.9 写出以下反应转化过程：C=CHCH2CH2CH2CH=CH3CH3C+CH3CH3H3CH3CCH3CH3+C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=C+H_3.10or3.11a.4甲基己炔methyl2hexyneb.2,2,7,7四甲基3,5辛二炔2,2,7,7tetramethyl3,5octadiyneCHCd.c.3.13a.LindlarcatH2C CH2b.HC CHNi/H2CH3CH3c.HC CH+H2OH2SO4HgSO4CH3CHOd.HC CH +HClHgCl2CH2=CHCle.H3CC CHHgBr2HBrCH3C=CH2BrHBrBrBrCH3-C CH3f.H3CC CH +Br2CH3C=CHBrBrg.H3CC CH +H2OH2SO4HgSO4CH3COCH3HC CH +H2LindlarcatH3CC CH +H2h.H3CC CH+HBrHgBr2CH3C=CH2Bri.CH3CH=CH2HBr(CH3)2CHBr3.14-4-第4页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-5-正庚烷1,4庚二烯Ag(NH3)2+灰白色1庚炔Br2/CCl4褪色1,4庚二烯a.b.1庚炔2甲基戊烷2己炔1己炔Ag(NH3)2+无反应灰白色无反应正庚烷1,4庚二烯1己炔无反应褪色无反应正庚烷2己炔2甲基戊烷 Br2/CCl42己炔2甲基戊烷a.CH3CH2CH2C CHHCl (过量)CH3CH2CH2C3.15ClCH3b.CH3CH2C CCH3 +KMnO4H+ClCH3CH2COOH+CH3COOHH2SO4HgSO4c.CH3CH2C CCH3 +H2OCH3CH2CH2COCH3+CH3CH2COCH2CH3d.CH2=CHCH=CH2+CH2=CHCHOCHOe.CH3CH2C CH+HCNCH3CH2C=CH2CN3.16CH3CHCH2C CHH3C3.17AH3CCH2CH2CH2C CHBCH3CH=CHCH=CHCH33.18CH2=CHCH=CH2HBrCH3CH CH=CH2Br+CH3CH=CHCH2BrCH2=CHCH=CH22HBrCH3CHBrCH CH3 +BrCH3CHBrCH2 CH2BrCH2=CHCH2CH=CH2HBrCH3CHCH2CH=CH2CH2=CHCH2CH=CH22HBrBrCH3CHCH2CH CH3Br第四章Br环烃4.1C5H10不饱和度=1第5页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-6-a.b.c.d.环戊烷1甲基环丁烷顺1,2二甲基环丙烷cyclopentane1methylcyclobutanecis1,2dimethylcyclopropane反1,2二甲基环丙烷 trans1,2dimethyllcyclopropanee.f.1,1二甲基环丙烷乙基环丙烷1,1dimethylcyclopropaneethylcyclopropane4.3a.1,1二氯环庚烷1,1dichlorocycloheptaneb.2,6二甲基萘2,6dimethylnaphthalenec.1甲基异丙基1,4环己二烯1isopropyl4methyl1,4cyclohexadiened.对异丙基甲苯pisopropyltoluenee.chlorobenzenesulfonic acidf.氯苯磺酸CH3Clg.CH3CH3h.2chloro4nitrotoluenecis1,3dimethylcyclopentane4.4a.HBrNO22,3dimethyl1phenyl1pentene完成以下反应：CH3CH3Brb.+Cl2高温Clc.+Cl2ClClClCl+d.CH2CH3+Br2FeBr3BrC2H5 +BrC2H5e.CH(CH3)2+Cl2高温C(CH3)2Cl第6页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案f.CH3O3Znpowder,H2OCHOOg.CH3H2SO4H2O ,CH3OHAlCl3h.i.+CH3CH2Cl2+HNO3CH2CH3NO2+CH3NO2j.+KMnO4H+COOHk.CH=CH2+Cl2CH2ClCHCl4.521.4.6CH3CH3CH3CH3+Br2FeBr3CH3CH3CH3CH3+BrBr+Br2FeBr3CH3CH3+CH3BrCH3+Br2FeBr3BrCH3CH3CH3CH3Br4.7b,d 有芳香性4.8-7-第7页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案a.BCA 1,3环己二烯苯1己炔Ag(NH3)2+C灰白色无反应A Br2/CCl4B无反应褪色BAb.AB环丙烷丙烯KMnO4无反应褪色AB4.9a.b.c.e.f.ClCOOHNHCOCH3CH3NO2COCH3OCH3d.4.10NO2Bra.b.Br2FeBr3HNO3H2SO4BrNO2HNO3H2SO4Br2FeBr3BrO2Nc.CH32 Cl2FeCl3CH3ClCld.CH3+Cl2FeCl3CH3ClKMnO 4COOHCle.CH3KMnO 4COOHCl2FeCl3COOHCl-8-第8页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-9-f.HNO3H2SO4NO2CH3H3C2Br2FeBr 3BrCH3Brg.Br2FeBr 3CH3CH3BrKMnO4COOHBrHNO3H2SO4NO2COOHBrNO24.11可能为orororororor即环辛烯及环烯双键碳上含非支链取代基分子式为 C8H14O2 各种异构体，比如以上各种异构体。4.12H3CC2H54.13BrBrA.4.14A.BrClBrBrBrClBrBrClBCD4.15Cl将以下结构改写为键线式。a.b.c.d.e.OOOHor第9页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第五章旋光异构5.4a.CH2CH2CH2CH3OHBrHCH2OHBrHHBrBrCH2CH3(R)COOHBrCH2OHHb.COOHHOOCCH CHBrBrCOOH(meso-)CH2CH3(S)COOHHBrBrHCOOHCOOH(2R,3R)BrHHBrCOOH(2S,3S)c.COOHH3CCH CHBr BrHHCOOHBrBrBrBrCOOHHHHBrCOOHBrHCOOH(2R,3S)COOH(2S,3S)CH3(2R,3R)BrHCOOHHBrd.CH3C=CHCOOHCH3CH3(2S,3R)(无)5.6COOHHCH3CH2CH3(R)COOHH3CHCH2CH3(S)C5H10O25.7=1C6H12A*CH2=CHCHCH2CH3CH3BCH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH35.10(I)HCOOHOHCH3(R)纸面上旋转 90oOHHOOCCH3H(S)离开纸面旋转COOHHOHCH3(S)-10-(对映异构)(对映异构)第10页HCNOHOH有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第六章卤代烃6.1CH3Bra.CH3CH-CHCH3b.CH3H3C CCH3CH2Ic.Brd.Cle.ClClf.2碘丙烷iodopropaneg.三氯甲烷 trichloromethane or Chloroformh.1,2二氯乙烷1,2dichloroethanei.氯丙烯chloro1propenej.1氯丙烯chloro1propene6.4写出以下反应主要产物，或必要溶剂或试剂a.C6H5CH2ClMgEt2OC6H5CH2MgClCO2C6H5CH2COOMgCl+H2OC6H5CH2COOHb.CH2=CHCH2Br+NaOC 2H5CH2=CHCH2OC2H5c.CH=CHBrCH2Br+AgNO 3EtOHr.tCH=CHBrCH2ONO 2+AgBrCH2=CHCHOCHOKOH-EtO HtOH-EHKO光照Brd.e.CH2ClCl+Br2NaOHH2OBrBrCH2OHClC2H5OHCH3CH2CH2CH3 +BrMgOC 2H5f.g.CH3ClCH3CH2CH2CH2Br+MgEt2OH2OSN2 历程CH3CH2CH2CH2MgBrOHh.ClCH3+H2OSN1 历程OHCH3CH3+OHCH3i.BrKOH-EtO Hj.CH2=CHCH2ClCH2=CHCH2CNk.(CH3)3Cl+NaOHH2O(CH3)3COH6.5以下各对化合物按 SN2 历程进行反应,哪一个反应速率较快?-11-第11页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-12-a.(CH3)2CHI(CH3)3CClb.(CH3)2CHI(CH3)2CHClc.CH2ClCld.CH3CHCH2CH2BrCH3CH3CH2CHCH2BrCH3e.CH3CH2CH2CH2ClCH3CH2CH=CHCl6.6将以下化合物按 SN1 历程反应活性由大到小排列bca6.7(a)反应活化能(b)反应过渡态(c)反应热放热6.8ACH3CH2CHCH3BrBCH2=CHCH2CH3C.CH3CH=CHCH3(Z)and(E)6.9怎样判别以下各组化合物？判别a,b,dAgNO3/EtOHc.Br26.10CH3CHCH2BrCH3KOH-EtO HCH3C=CH2CH3H+H2OCH3CCH3CH3a.OHb.CH3CCH3CH3HBrCH3CCH3CH2BrBr 2HOBrCH3CCH3CH2Brd.Brc.OH Bre.6.11ABrCH2CH2CH3B.CH2=CHCH3C.CH3CHBrCH3第12页HH有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第七章醇酚醚7.1命名以下化合物a.(3Z)戊烯醇(3Z)penten1olb.2溴丙醇 2bromopropanolc.2,5庚二醇 2,5heptanediold.4苯基2戊醇 4phenyl2pentanole.(1R,2R)2 甲 基环己醇(1R,2R)2 methylcyclohexanolf.乙二醇二 甲醚ethanediol 1,2 dimethyl etherg.(S)环氧丙烷(S)1,2 epoxypropaneh.间甲基苯酚mmethylphenoli.1苯基乙醇1phenylethanolj.4硝基1萘酚4nitro1naphthol7.3完成以下转化a.OHCrO3.Py2Ob.CH3CH2CH2OH浓 H2SO4 CH3CH=CH2Br2BrBrCH3CH-CH2KOH/EtOHc.ACH3CH2CH2OH(CH3)2CHB rCH3CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2+CH3CH=CH2HBrCH3CHCH3BrCH3C CHNaB.CH3CH2CH2OHHBrH+CH3CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2BrOHCH3CHCH3d.CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH=CH2OHCH3CH2CHCH3OHOHe.浓 H2SO4SO3Hf.CH2=CH2稀 冷 KMnO4CH2-CH22 OHOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OHOH OHClCH2CH2OHHOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OHH2O+Cl2g.CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2CH2OHh.ClCH2CH2CH2CH2OHNaOHONaOHClCH2CH2OHHOHH+NaONaCH3CHCH3CH3CH2CH2BrT.MHBrCH3CH2CH2CH2BrCH3CH2OHNaOH1)B2H6,Et2O2)H2O2,OHHOH+7.5以下化合物是否可形成份子内氢键？写出带有分子内氢健结构式。a,b,d 能够形成-13-第13页H有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案a,NOOOHcis NOOHOtransHONOOOHNOOb.OHOH2CH3CCH3d.OOH7.6写出以下反应历程OH+OH2bab+a+_H2OH_ H+_ H+7.7写出以下反应产物或反应物a.(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH+HBr(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Brb.OH +HCl无水 ZnCl2Clc.OCH3CH2CH2OCH3+HI (过量)+d.OCH3+HI (过量)CH2CH2CH3e.(CH3)2CHBr+NaOC2H5(CH3)2CHOC2H5+CH3CH=CH2f.KMnO4OHCH3(CH2)3C CH3Og.CH3COOHCH CH2CH3HIO4CH3COOH +CH3CH2CHOh.CH3OHOHHIO4CH3COCH2CH2CHOi.OHCH3+Br2OHCH3BrBrCCl4,CS2 中单取代CH3(CH2)3CHCH3OHj.CH3(CH2)2CHOHCH2CH3分子内脱水浓 H2SO4CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3+CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCH37.8-14-第14页H有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-15-AOCH3B.OHC.CH3I第八章醛、酮、醌8.1a.异丁醛甲基丙醛methylpropanalisobutanalb.苯乙醛phenylethanalc.对甲基苯甲醛pmethylbenzaldehyded.3甲基丁酮methylbutanonee.2,4二甲基戊酮 2,4dimethyl3pentanonef.间甲氧基苯甲醛mmethoxybenzaldehydeg.h.BrCH2CH2CHOi.O甲基丁烯醛 3methyl2butenalOj.CCl3CH2COCH2CH3k.(CH3)2CCHOl.CH3CH2COCH2CHOm.CH=CHCHOn.C CH3Oo.丙烯醛 propenalp.二苯甲酮diphenyl Ketone8.3 写出以下反应主要产物a.CH3COCH2CH3+H2NOHCH3CCH2CH3NOHb.Cl3CCHO+H2OCl3CCHOHOHc.H3CCHOHOOCCOOH+KMnO4H+d.CH3CH2CHO稀 NaOHCH3CH2CH-CHCHOOHCH3e.C6H5COCH3+C6H5MgBrC6H5CH3C6H5C OMgBrH+H2OC6H5CH3C6H5C OHf.O+H2NNHC6H5NNHC6H5g.(CH3)3CCHO浓 NaOH(CH3)3CCH2OH(CH3)3CCOOH+h.O+(CH3)2C(CH2OH)2无水 HClOOOi.+K2Cr2O7+HOOC(CH2)3COOHj.CHOKMnO4室温COOH第15页HHHg ,H+2)-16-k.有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案OCl2 ,H2OOHCOCH2ClC CH3COOH +CHCl3l.OC CH3+Cl2H+HClCl+ClOHCH3m.n.CH2=CHCH2CH2COCH3CH2=CHCOCH3+HBrCH3-CHCH2CH2COCH3BrCH2CH2COCH3o.CH2=CHCHO+HCNNCCH2CH2CHO+CH2=CHCHCNOHp.C6H5CHO+CH3COCH3稀 NaOHOC6H5CHCH2C-CH3OH8.4a.ABCD丙醛丙酮丙醇异丙醇2,4二硝基苯肼有沉淀无沉淀Tollen 试剂I2/NaOH沉淀无沉淀无沉淀黄色沉淀b.A戊醛B2戊酮C环戊酮Tollen 试剂沉淀A无沉淀BCI2/NaOHCHI3无沉淀BC8.4完成以下转化a.C2H5OHCrO3.(Py)2CH3CHOCH3CHOHCNCH3CHCOOHOHb.COCl无水 AlCl3COc.ONaBH 4OHd.HCCH+H2OCH3CHO稀 OHCH3CH=CHCHO H2/NiCH3CH2CH2CH2OHe.CH3Cl2光CH2ClMgEt2OOHCH2CCH3CH3f.CH3CH=CHCHOOHOH 无水 HClCH3CH=CHCHOO稀 冷 KMn O4OHOOCH3CH-CHCHOH OHH3O+CH3CH-CHCHOOH OHg.CH3CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2CH2BrMgEt2OCH3CH2CH2MgBrCH3CH2CH2CH2OHHCN+H2OH2OCH2MgCl 1)CH3COCH3+1)HCHO2)H+8.5ACH3CH2CHO+CH3MgBrBCH3CHO+CH3CH2MgBr8.6分别由苯及甲苯合成 2苯基乙醇第16页H有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-17-CH3Cl2CH2ClMgEt2OCH2CH2OHCH2MgCl 1)HCHO2)H+光照BrMgBrOBr2FeMgEt2OH+H2O8.8a.缩酮b.半缩酮c.d半缩醛8.9b.H3COOH+CH3CHO +HOCH2CH2OH+OHa.OHOOHOHOOHOHOc.H+OHOHHOHO+OHOHHOHO8.10A.CHCH3CHOHB.CHCH3H3CH3CH3CH3COCC.CCHCH3H3CH3C8.11OCH38.12ACH3CH-C-CH2CH3CH3OB.CHH3CH3CCHCH2CH3OHC.CH3CH3CCHCH2CH3D.CH3CH2CHOE.CH3COCH38.13BrBrHOOCCOOHOAOBOCOD第17页H-18-有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第九章 羧酸及其衍生物9.1 a.2甲基丙酸 2Methylpropanoic acid(异丁酸 Isobutanoic acid)b.邻羟基苯甲酸（水杨酸）oHydroxybenzoic acid c.2丁烯酸 2Butenoic acidd3溴丁酸3Bromobutanoic acide.丁酰氯Butanoyl Chloridef.丁酸酐Butanoic anhydrideg.丙酸乙酯 Ethyl propanoateh.乙酸丙酯 Propyl acetatei.苯甲酰胺Benzamidej.顺丁烯二酸Maleic acids.COt.H3CCOk.COOCH3COOCH3l.HCOOCH(CH3)2m.CH3CH2CONHCH39.29.3gabcfehd写出以下反应主要产物a.Na2Cr2O7-H2SO4COOHCOOH+COOHCOOHb.(CH3)2CHOH+COOCH(CH 3)2H3CCOClH3Cc.HOCH2CH2COOHLiAlH4HOCH2CH2CH2OHd.NCCH2CH2CN+H2ONaOHOOCCH2CH2COOH+HOOCCH2CH2COOHe.CH2COOHCH2COOHBa(OH)2Of.CH3COCl+CH3无水 AlCl3CH3COCH3+CH3COCH3g.(CH3CO)2O+OHOCOCH 3h.CH3CH2COOC 2H5NaOC 2H5CH3CH2COCHCOOC 2H5CH3i.CH3COOC2H5+CH3CH2CH2OH+CH3COOCH 2CH2CH3+C2H5OHj.CH3CH(COOH)2CH3CH2COOHk.COOH+HClClCOOH+CO2第18页H有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-19-l.2HOCH2CH2OH+COOCH2CH2OOCm.COOHLiAlH4CH2OHCOOH +n.HCOOH+OHHCOOH+NaOC2H5Oo.p.NCH2CH2COOC2H5CH2CH2COOC2H5CONH2OHNCOOC2H5COO+q.CH2(COOC2H5)2+H2NCONH2HNNHNH3OOO9.4a.KmnO4 b.FeCl3 c.Br2 or KmnO4d.FeCl3 2,4-二硝基苯肼或 I2/NaOH9.5完成以下转化：a.OCNOHH+COOHOHb.CH3CH2CH2BrCNCH3CH2CH2CNCH3CH2CH2COOHc.(CH3)2CHOHCrO3.(Py)2(CH3)2C O(CH3)2CCNH+(CH3)2CCOOHOHd.CH3CH3KMnO4COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHBa(OH)2OHOOOOOOe.(CH3)2C=CH2HBr(CH3)3CBrMgEt2O(CH3)3CMgBrf.CH3BrAlCl3CH3KMnO4COOHBr2FeCOOHBrg.HCCHH2OH+,Hg2+CH3CHOKMnO4CH3COOHCH3CH2OHH+CH3COOC2H5HCNH2OHCN1)CO2(CH3)3CCOOH2)H+/H2OH2OH+H2O第19页H3O1)EtONa浓 OHCH2CH2CH31)OHH ,H-20-h.有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案OHNO3HOOC(CH2)4COOHOi.CH3CH2COOHLiAlH4CH3CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2CH2BrMgEt2OCH3CH2CH2MgBrCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH或H+CH3COCH2COOC2H5 CH3 CO CH COOC2H5CH3(CH2)3COOHj.CH3COOHCl2PCH2COOHClCNCH2COOHCNEtOH+CH2(COOC2H5)2k.OOONH3CH2COONH4CH2CONH2(CH3CO)2Ol.m.CO2CH3OHCH3CH2COOH+H2OSOCl2COOHOHCH3CH2COClOHCOOHOOCCH3CH3CH2COOn.CH3CH(COOC2H5)2CH3CH2COOHO KMnO42)CH3CH2CH2Br+2)H+3)9.6己醇A已酸 B对甲苯酚 CNaHCO3 水溶液水相已酸钠HCl已酸 B有机相已醇对甲苯酚NaOH水相 HCl酚钠有机相 已醇 A酚CCOOHCOOH9.7COOHCOOHCOOHCOOH HOOCCOOH HOOCHCH3CH2COOHCOOHHOOC(Z)易成酐 (E)不易(Z)易成酐(E)不易成酐9.8A.CH2COOHCH2COOHB.OOOC.H2C COCH3H2C COCH3OOD.CH2CH2OHCH2CH2OH第20页CH2COO有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第十章 取代酸n.4-氧代戊酸（4oxopentanoic acid)10.1 m.3-氯丁酸（3-Chlorobutanoic acid）10.2a.(A)CH3CH2CH2COCH2COOCH3OHCOOHCH3CHCOOH(B)(C)FeCl3ABC显色不显色Na2CO3A溶解，有气体B无改变OH10.3 写出以下反应主要产物：a.b.CH3COCHCOOC2H5CH3CH3COCHCO2CH3CH2CO2CH3c.CH3CH2CHCOOHOHHCOOCHCCOCH3CH2CH2CH3d.COOCH3COCH3稀 H+1)稀 OH-2)H+,H2O浓 NaOHCH3COCH2CH3_ +CH3COO +CH3OHCH2COOOCH3 +CO2+CH3OHOCe.OCH2CH2CH3COOHOCH2CH2CH3f.HOOCCH2COCCOOHCH3CH3CH3COCH(CH3)2NaOH-H2Og.h.CH3CH2CHCOOHClCH3CHCH2COOHCH3CH2CHCOONaOHCH3CH=CHCOOHOOHOCH3NaOH-H 2OCH3CHCH2COONaCH2OHi.+CO2j.OHCH3CH3CH2CCOOH稀 H2SO4k.稀 H2SO4+HCOOHOCH3CH2CCH3l.CH3CH2COCO2HCH3CHCOCO2HCH3CH3CH2CHOCH3CHCOOHCH3-21-CO2+CO第21页2)HCH2COCH3 2)H1)稀 OH-H-22-COOHCOOHCOOHO有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案OOm.n.OOOOo,CH3CH2COOH+Cl2PCH3CHCOOH1)NaOH,2)HCl,Cl10.5 完成以下转化：a.BrCH2(CH2)2CH2CO2HNaOHOOb.OCO2CH3EtOC2H5ClCH2COCH3OCO2CH3OCH2COCH3c.CH3COOHCH3CH2OH+CH3COOC 2H5NaOC 2H5CH3COCH2COOC2H5CH3COCCOOC2H5CH3CO+,1)NaOC 2H52)BrCH2CH2CH2Br1)OH-2)H+,d.CH3COOC2H5NaOC2H5CH3COCH2COOC2H5CH3CH3COCHCOOC2H5NaOC2H5COCH3CH3CCOOOC2H5CH3CHCOOC2H5CH3CHCOOHCH3CHCOOH1)NaOC2H52)BrCH32)CH3CHCOOC2H5Br1)+_1)浓OH,第22页2)HCH3CHCH2CH3CH3CHOCH3COO NH4NHCOCH3 H有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-23-第十一章含氮化合物11.2a.硝基乙烷b.p亚硝基甲苯c.N乙基苯胺d.对甲苯重氮氢溴酸盐或溴化重氮对甲苯e.邻溴乙酰苯胺f.丁腈g.对硝基苯肼h.1,6己二胺i.丁 二 酰 亚 胺j.亚 硝 基 二 乙 胺k.溴 化 十 二 烷 基 苄 基 二 甲 铵m.HOCH2CH2NH2n.l.(CH3)3N+CH2CH2OHOH(CH3)3N+CH2CH2OCOCH3OHo.HOCH(OH)CH2NHCH3HOp.(CH3)2CHCH2NH2r.N,N-二甲基乙胺q.NHH2N-C-NH2HO11.4OHHOHHONH3CHH3CH3CH NH3Ca 中有三种氢键b.中只有一个氢键H3CH3C N HHHH3CH3C NH11.5怎样解释以下事实？a.因为在苄胺中，未与苯环直接相连，其孤对电子不能与苯环共轭，所以碱性与烷基胺基本相同。NH2H3C中，硝基含有强吸电子效应。-NH2 中N上孤对电子更多地偏向苯环，所以与苯胺相比,其碱性更弱。b.O2N而NH2 中，甲基含有一定给电子效应，使-NH2 中N上电子云密度增加，所以与苯胺相比,其碱性略强.11.6+_CH3CH(NH2)CH2CH3(+)酒石酸胺(+)胺(+)酸盐酸盐(+)(-)拆分,而后再分别加 NaOH 析出胺.物理性质不一样可11.9完成以下转化：a.HNO3H2SO4NO2NH2b.NH2(CH3CO)2ONHCOCH3HNO3 O2N+NH2O2NFe+HClc.CH3COOHCH3COOHP2O5SOCl2(CH3CO)2OCH3COClNH3NH3CH3CONH2CH3CONH2CH3COOHNH3 +CH3CONH2d.2ClSOCl2NH3CH3CH(OH)CHCH3NH2CH3CHCH2CH3CH3CH2OHHClCH3CH2ClCrO3(Py)2MgCH3CH2MgClEt2O1)CH3CH2MgCl+第23页N Cl0-5 CN2 Cl0-5 C有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案NHOOKOHNKOOOOCH3NCHCH2CH3H+COOHCOOH+CH3CHCH2CH3ClCH3CHCH2CH3NH2NH2(CH3CO)2ONHCOCH3NO2NH2NH2Br+-BrNH2+NBrNH2Ne.f.Fe+HClBr2,FeNO2Fe+HClBrNaNO2+HCl0弱 HCH3g.HNO3CH3Fe+HClCH3NaNO2+HCl0N2+Cl-H3COH-NO2NOHH3CH2NHON11.10NHNNCH3a.OCb.NOCH3Cc.H3CCH3+Nd.NCOCOOHH3C+NCH3CH2NCONHNCH3f.Ne.OSOg.NNOH3C+Nh.H3C+H2+N ClH_CH3NO2H_11.11-24-第24页(CH3)3N+CH2CH2CH2CH3 +Cl+Na +OHa.有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案CH3NH2NHCH3COOHOH(A)(B)(D)NaOHCOOH(C)ABCDH3CSO2ClNaOHFeCl3ABDC不溶不溶可溶可溶显色不显色b.(CH3)3N HCl(A)(CH3CH2)4N+Br(B)AgNO3AgClAgBr黄白 AB或者用 NaOHA分层 均相因为三甲胺 b.p.3,可能逸出,也可能部分溶于 NaOH,所以用 AgNO3 作判别很好.11.12写出以下反应主要产物：a.(C2H5)3N+CH3CHCH3Br(C2H5)3N+CHCH3CH3Brb.(CH3)3N+CH2CH2CH2CH3Cl+NaOH+c.CH3CH2COClCH3NHCH3+H3CCH3CH2CONCH3d.N(C2H5)2+HNO2N(C2H5)2NO11.13ABNH2CNH3CH3CSO2ClN使用 Hinsberg 反应.(注意分离提纯和判别程序不一样)NHCH3CH3SO2NHSO2NCH3CH3 (D)CH3 (E)蒸镏除去C NaOH 水洗除 ECH3有机相CH3NSO2H3CCH3H+CH3NH。HClOHNHCH3纯(D)11.15将苄胺、苄醇及对甲苯酚混合物分离为三种纯组分。-25-第25页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-26-CH2NH2CH2OH(A)(B)CH3HO(C)NaOH 水溶液有机相水相ABC 钠盐水相有机相HClA 盐酸盐BANaOH稀 HClC再深入分别纯化11.16=0饱和胺B 含有CH3CHC4H9OH(可进行碘仿反应）C(C6H12)KMnO4所以 C 为 CH3CH=CHCHCH3CH3倒推回去CH3COOH +CH3CHCOOHCH3CH3BA6 2+2+1-152CH3CHCH2CHOHCH3CH3CH3CHCH2CHNH2CH3第十二章含硫和含磷有机化合物12.6 由指定原料及其它无机试剂写出以下合成路线。a.CH3CH2CH2CH2OHHClCH3CH2CH2CH2ClNa2SCH3CH2CH2CH2SCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2SO2CH2CH2CH2CH3b.CH3浓 H2SO4SO3HNO2CH3HNO3H2SO4H3CH3CNH2Fe+HCl H3CSO2NHH3CCH3KMnO4or CH3CO3HPCl3SO2ClH3C第26页有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第十三章碳水化合物13.11CHOCH2OHCHOCH2OHCH2OHOCH2OH13.12e.Tollen 试剂a.Bendict 试剂;b.I2c.I2d.Br2_H2O13.13写出以下反应主要产物或反应物：CHOa.NaOHH2OCH2OHOCHOCH2OHCH2OHOHOCH2OHAg(NH3)2+b.CH2OHCOOHCH2OHc.OHOH2COOCH3HOH2CCH3OH无水 HClOBr2-H2OCH2OHOCOOHd.(-麦芽糖)CH2OHO