八年级下英语第一单元知识点总结【人教版】word版本.doc

Unit 1 Will people have robots? 1. fall e or go down from force of weight, loss of balance, etc; drop; become落下；跌落；变成fall用作动词时，主要有两种用法。一种是作为实义动词，可以和介词或副词搭配，表示“落下；跌落”，例如：I fell back in my chair. 我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一种是作为系动词，与形容词连用，表示进入某种状态，如：fall asleep 入睡（进入睡眠的状态）。fall的动词过去式是fallen。fall用作名词时，表示“落下；降低”，例如：I sat listening to the fall of the rain on the roof. 我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音。fall还可以表示“秋天”，与autumn意思相同。词汇扩展常用搭配：fall asleep 入睡 fall behind 落后于（某人或某物） fall down 跌落 fall in love with 喜爱；爱上 fall off 掉下 fall over 跌落；被绊倒2. aloneadv. Without any companions独自地；孤独地用法解析along 和lonely：（1）alone 既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意思是“独自的（地）；单独的（地）”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手。alone和on ones own，by oneself意思相近。alone用作形容词时，一般与be 动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：She is alone at home. 她独自一人在家。alone 用作副词修饰动词时，放在动词后面作状语。例如：I like to work alone. 我喜欢独自一人工作。alone 用作副词时，也可作定语，意思是“只有；仅仅”，但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如：This year alone, weve already planted ten thousand trees. 仅是今年，我们已经载了一万颗树。（2）lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，也可作表语，表示“孤独的；寂寞的”。该词带有“孤寂”的感情色彩。用作定语时，意思为“孤单的；荒凉的；偏僻的”等。例如：Thats a lonely island. 那是一个荒凉的岛屿。Lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的；寂寞的”。例如：I was alone but I didnt feel lonely. 我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。词汇拓展常用搭配：let / leave somebody / something alone 不干涉某人或某物；听其自然 let alone 不管；不必考虑3. dress v.put clothes on yourself or someone else穿衣用法dress还可以用作名词，表示“女服；连衣裙；服装”。例如：Mary wore a long red dress last evening. 玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙。辨析dress，put on 和wear：（1）用作动词时，dress既可以表动作，也可以表状态，常用人作宾语，意思是“穿衣服”，例如：She is only a girl of three. She cant dress herself. 她只是一个三岁的女孩，她还不能自己穿衣服。需要注意的是，在表示“给自己穿衣”时，我们通常说dress oneself (= get dressed)；当dress表示状态时，一般要用be dressed in 结构，例如：She was dressed in a red coat. 她穿着一件红色的上衣。（2）put on 意思是“穿（戴）上”，强调动作。例如：He put on his coat and went out. 他穿上大衣就出去了。（3）wear意思是“穿（戴）着”，强调状态。例如：Lucys mother often wears a pair of glasses. 露西的母亲常常戴着一副眼镜。词汇扩展常用搭配：dress (somebody) up (in something / as somebody or something) 化妆打扮谚语：Eat to please myself, but dress to please others. 吃是使自己受用，穿是使别人受用。Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（2）1. unpleasantadj. not pleasant; not enjoyable使人不愉快的；不合意的用法unpleasant可以表示“令人不快的；讨厌的”，例如：I found his manner very unpleasant. 我觉得他的态度讨厌极了。词汇拓展相关词：unpleasantlyadv.厌恶地 反义词：pleasantadj.令人愉快的记忆导航unpleasant 是由pleasant 加上否定前缀un-构成的。类似这种构词法的词还有：able有能力的unable没有能力的；happy高兴的unhappy不高兴的。2. hundred n. the number 100; a very large number of things or people（一）百；许多（事物或人）用法hundred 用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后，一般不用复数形式，例如：three hundred, a few hundred 等。但当hundred 表示“成百的；许多的”意思时，它面前不用具体数字，而常用hundreds of 结构。注意hundred 在这个结构中要用复数形式，前面可加some，a few，several等词修饰。例如：Her coat cost hundreds of dollars. 她的大衣价值几百美元。类似的搭配还有thousands of数以千计的；许多的，millions of 数以百万计的；无数的。3. suchadj.of the same kind as the thing or person which has already been mentioned这（那）样的；这（那）种用法辨析such 和so：（1）such 是形容词，意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，修饰名词。例如：I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方。需要特别注意的是，such修饰单数可数名词时，应该按照如下词序：such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词。（2）so是副词，意思是“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，修饰形容词、副词和分词。例如：I have never seen so beautiful a place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方。同样，需要特别注意的是，so修饰单数可数名词时，应该按照如下词序：so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。此外，当名词前有few，many，little，much等修饰词时，要用so。例如：so many people，so few days，so much time，so little money等。词汇拓展常用搭配：such as 例如 such and such 某某；这样那样的Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（3）1. in prep. 在之后（用于将来时）in 100 years在一百年后People will have robots in their homes in 100 years.2. less, fewer 比较少；more 比较多 less 是little 的比较级，修饰不可数名词 fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词 more 是much和many的比较级much 修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词I have less money than he has. 我的钱比他的少。There are more building in this city than in that city.3. fall in love with. 爱上Last year I visited the art exhibition and fell in love with the work of Picasso.4. a kind of. 一种；some kinds of. 几种 a kind of book 一种书five kinds of flowers 五种花many different kinds of goldfish 各种不同的金鱼（fish 单复数相同，此处是复数）5. as well as也；与too 同义 He likes this book and he likes that book, too. / He likes this book as well as that book. 他喜欢这本书，也喜欢那本书。 She can come here, too. / She can come here as well. 她也能来。6. worth adj. 值；值得；相当于价值 This house is worth $10 000. 这个房子价值一万美元。 be (well) worth doing sth.（很）值得做 That film is (well) worth seeing. 那部电影（很）值得看。 These books are worth reading twice. 这几本书值得看两遍。7. knock down. 击倒，撞倒；拆除 knock down the pins击倒球柱 knock down the machine拆除机器 knock组成的词语还有：knock on (at) the door敲门 knock into sb.撞了某人knock up叫醒Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（4） 1. prediction n. 预言，预测predict v. predict + that 后接从句，如I predict that he will win. 2. paper moneypaper n. 纸，纸张，是不可数名词，如a piece of paper。paper money 中paper是名词做定语，表材质，只用单数。3. space n. 表示“宇宙，空间时”，不可数名词；通常前面不用冠词。There are many stars in outer space. Travel through space to other planets interests many people.4. besides prep. 除了还；相当于as well as, in addition to。如：Besides basketball, he also plays soccer well.除了打篮球以外，他踢足球也踢得很好。5