考研英语小作文省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Liu ShenghuaContentsl一、写作要求一、写作要求l二、写作技巧二、写作技巧l三、评分标准和方法三、评分标准和方法l四、书信类应用文四、书信类应用文l五、备忘录五、备忘录/汇报汇报l六、摘要六、摘要 l七七、通告类应用文、通告类应用文l八、八、小作文考查类型小作文考查类型第1页Liu Shenghua全国硕士硕士入学统全国硕士硕士入学统一考试一考试 纲领纲领l写作部分写作部分l考生应能写不一样类型应用文，包含私人和公务信函、备忘录、汇报等，以及普通描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性文章。写作时，考生应能：l1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；l2)遵照文章特定文体格式；l3)合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；l4)依据写作目标和特定读者，恰当选取语域*。l*考生应能掌握语言技能包含听、说、读、写四种能力。不过因为听力能力和口语能力考查在复试中进行，所以这里只列出读和写两种技能。l*指在书面和口语表示中依据不一样交际对象，所采取话语方式，即正式、普通、非正式话语。第2页Liu Shenghual一、写作要求一、写作要求l考研考研英语小作文多是不一不一样类型应用文样类型应用文，包含私人和公私人和公务信函务信函(如：如：辞职信、道歉信、辞职信、道歉信、感激信感激信等)、备忘录、摘要、备忘录、摘要、汇报等汇报等.它形式是给出提醒关给出提醒关键点，要求考生依据要求表示键点，要求考生依据要求表示清楚关键点清楚关键点。尽管它并不需要华丽词藻和吸引阅卷人眼球文采。不过，它还是需要考生在平时复习中点滴积累，适当训练。以言简意赅词句言简意赅词句及一定逻一定逻辑性辑性，将事情叙述清楚，表意明确。l小作文类型：小作文类型：l感激信(thanks)，祝贺信(congratulation)，道歉信(apology)，邀请信(invitation)提倡信（提议信）(suggestion);投诉信（complaint），问询信（inquiry）请求信（require）婉拒信(decline)，求职信（application），推荐信(recommendation)，公告（notice）备忘（memo）,第3页Liu Shenghual短文写作时，考生应能：l做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；l遵照文章特定文体格式；l合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；l依据写作目标和特定读者，恰当使用语域。l二、写作技巧二、写作技巧l小作文满分为10分，因为其愈加套路化，所以它比大作文愈加轻易得分。不过，得高分前提是要在格式、语言和关键点等方面下功夫。第4页Liu Shenghual1、格式、格式l(1)日期格式和位置日期格式和位置；-Mar.19th,在右上角l(2)称呼格式称呼格式：Dear Sir,Dear Madam Helen,Dear John,Dear Professor Smith,l男士：Mr.女士：Mrs./Ms./Miss 教授、博士：Prof./Dr.l市长，法官，议员，其它高官：Hon.(Honorable,尊敬)l编辑：Editorl假如是不认识人，普通称呼为敬词+尊称。比如，Dear Sir or Madam；假如是写给关系正式某团体或个人，称呼为敬词+尊称+名。比如，Dear Mr.xx或Dear Ms.xx；To Whom It May Concern,l对于关系较亲密人能够直呼其名。第5页Liu Shenghual(3)正文：正文：l正文格式普通格式为首段开头空四个字母，段落之间不空行；现在流行格式，每段开头不空格，不过各段之间空一行。考生在格式方面能够依据自己习惯进行选择。只要让阅卷人看得舒适，且完全符合应用文要求文体就能够。l(4)署名署名格式：右下角，格式：右下角，Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,Sincerely,第6页Liu Shenghual2 2、语言、语言l用词准确用词准确是最基础要求之一。其次，句型多句型多变变。比如现有并列句，也有复合句，还有从句并列句，也有复合句，还有从句。注意语法利用要正确。l再者，正式语言普通是写给含有正式关系团体或机构，注意这么情况不用缩略语和口语使用方法。除了正式文体以外，其它文体皆为非正式文体。像写给朋友书信等。l小作考查要求中会表达出写该篇目标和场所。考生在写作时要注意针对不一样场所使用不一样语言，使交流得以进行。另外，也要注意不一样应用文有不一样用语。提议你对一些应用文格式提议你对一些应用文格式和习惯用语，应该加以熟悉和背诵，方便利用自和习惯用语，应该加以熟悉和背诵，方便利用自如。如。第7页Liu Shenghual3 3、其它关键点、其它关键点l考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动笔。虽说小作文字数充其量在一百多个单词，不过依旧要在脑子里理清思绪。最好能够在仔细审题以后，认真列个提要，这么更有利于思绪清楚。写作时，注意表示清楚以下几个方面。首先首先交代清楚写信目标写信目标；其次其次为了让阅卷者对你文章结构及结构及表意表意一目了然，注意关联词或衔接词关联词或衔接词利用；接下接下来来，应该对个人观点个人观点进行阐述（在写作有此必要时候）。l最终最终，行文间要注意简化描述简化描述。用简短语句代替冗长语句。在作文完成时候，应该检验、修改，以免遗漏一些需要表示清楚关键点和细节。第8页Liu Shenghua三、评分标准和方法三、评分标准和方法l应用文评分侧重点在于信息点覆盖信息点覆盖和内容组织内容组织、语言准确性语言准确性、格式和语域格式和语域（指在书面和口语表示中依据不一样交际对象，所采取话语方式，即正式、普通、非正式话语）恰当恰当。l对语法结构和词汇多样性要求将依据详细试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提醒语中出现过关键词，但使用提醒语中出现过词组或句子将被扣分使用提醒语中出现过词组或句子将被扣分。第9页Liu Shenghual1、评分时，先依据文章内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分调整分。l2、A节作文字数要求是100词左右。l3、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性一个方面。评分时，视其对交际影响程度给予考虑。英、美拼写及词汇使用方法均可接收。l4、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。第10页Liu Shenghua四、书信类应用文四、书信类应用文l书信格式：书信格式：l（一）称呼（一）称呼l写给机构l不认识责任人：l Dear Sir or Madam l Dear Sir/Madaml To whom it may concernl认识责任人：Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,Dear President(Michael)Wang,l写给个人l1）关系不亲密：Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,lDear President(Michael)Wang,l2）关系亲密：lDear Michael第11页Liu Shenghua（二）正文：（二）正文：3段、段、7句、句、100120 词、词、35关关联词、联词、35从句从句l1、第一段：2句l1）自我介绍l（1）Iamastaffmemberfromyourcompany/corporation.l（2）Iamafreshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduatefromtheDepartmentofChineseLanguageandLiteratureofBeijingUniversity.l2）写作目：Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeoforderingsomebooks/resigningfrommycurrentpost/position.l 2、第二段：、第二段：3句句l 1）改写提要一：1句l 2）改写提要二：1句l 3）改写提要三：1句第12页Liu Shenghual3、第三段、第三段l1）表示感激（私人提议信除外）lMy appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.lWords fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you.lI take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.l2）期待回信l（1）I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon.l（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.l（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.l（三）落款（三）落款lYours sincerely,l Li Ming第13页Liu Shenghua实战范例：实战范例：l1、纲领样题：订购信、纲领样题：订购信lDirections:You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:ldetailed information about the books you want,lmethods of payment,ltime and way of delivery.第14页Liu ShenghualDear Sir or Madam,lAs I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM),I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.lFirstly,please give me particular accounts as regards names,authors,publishing houses and prices of these books.Secondly,I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service.Thirdly,I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1,.I have arranged to pay for the service.lI would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests.I look forward to hearing from you soon.lYours sincerely,lLi Ming第15页Liu Shenghual2、真题：辞职信道歉信真题：辞职信道歉信lDirections:Two months ago,you got a job as an editor for the magazine Fashion&Design.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.第16页Liu ShenghualDear Mr.Wang,lI am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position.lThe primary reasons are as follows.First,after two months,I do feel that it is not easy for me to get used to the extra work and night shift.Second,the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised,and I have a large family to support.Last,what I have learned in the university cannot meet the requirement of being an editor.lI feel terribly sorry for the inconvenience I have caused.I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation.lYours sincerely,lLi Ming第17页Liu Shenghual3、真题：请求信真题：请求信lDirections:lYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area,write a letter to the department concerned,asking them to help find a candidate.You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Dont sign your own name at the end of the letter,use Li Ming instead.Dont write the address.(10 points)第18页Liu ShenghualTo whom it may concern,lAs a student who can support myself,I am writing to request if you can help me find a potential beneficiary of Project Hope.lI wonder whether it is convenient for you if two things regarding the child are taken into account.First,the child should come from Sichuan Province because I intend to help a child from my hometown.Second,it will be better if he or she is a primary school student who was forced to drop school because of abject poverty.lI would like to help the recipient of my assistance annually until he graduates from college.Firstly,the money will cover his tuition fee and other expenses at school.Besides,I will correspond with him frequently so that he can seek advice whenever he needs.Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.lYours sincerely,lLi Ming第19页Liu Shenghua4 祝贺信lA letter of Congratulationsl l Jan.10th,lDear Jack,lI am so delighted to hear that you have just been admitted into the prestigious Peking University.Please accept my heartiest congratulations to you!lThis is a special moment for you and all the friends as well as relatives,and I do want to share the happiness with you.After years of hard and creative work and study,you have finally got what you really deserve.Im convinced that this will be a new beginning,a chance for you to embrace a broader future.lI wish you good luck and keep pursuing a brighter future.l Sincerely yours,l Li Ming第20页Liu Shenghua祝贺信祝贺信l祝贺信是社交中一个礼仪性信函。通常包含以下几个方面内容：说明祝贺事由，表示热烈、真挚祝贺；围绕祝贺事件表述贺喜内容；表示美好祝福。l写作“三步走”：说明事由并表示自己衷心祝贺->展开评论事件、赞扬收信人->再次表示良好祝福l提醒：在写作主要内容时候，能够重点赞扬一下当事人优异能力和取得成就原因、并展望他未来美好发展前景等。第21页Liu Shenghua附：考研英语小作文书信类八大模板附：考研英语小作文书信类八大模板附：考研英语小作文书信类八大模板附：考研英语小作文书信类八大模板l1：投诉信lDear_,lI am _(自我介绍).I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_.lThe reason for my dissatisfaction is _(总体介绍).In the first place,_(埋怨第一个方面).In addition,_(埋怨第二个方面).Under these circumstances,I find it _(感觉)_(埋怨方面给你带来后果).lI appreciate it very much if you could _(提出提议和请求),preferably _(深入要求),and I would like to have this matter settled by _(设定处理事情最终期限).lThank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.lYours sincerely lLi Ming第22页Liu Shenghua投诉信投诉信l在人们生活中经常会发生一些事情，比如消费利益受损、正常生活和工作受到干扰等等令人伤脑筋事情，有时写封投诉信不失为一个处理方法。l投诉信通常包含以下几个方面内容：说明投诉原因并表示遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引发后果；提出批评及处理意见或敦促对方采取方法或者提出所希望赔偿以及补救方式。l写作“三步走”：说明投诉问题;描述详细情况;期待处理方案l提醒：写投诉信时语气要冷静、郑重、抑制，无须过于礼貌。但也要就事论事，不能进行人身攻击。同时，在描述问题时尽可能采取被动句式，使描述愈加客观合理。第23页Liu Shenghual2：问询信lDear _,lI am _(自我介绍).I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_.(要问询内容)lFirst of all,what are _?(第一个问题)Secondly,when will_?(第二个问题)Thirdly,is _?(第三个问题)lI would also like to inquire _(将最主要问题单独成段).Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?lThank you for you kindness,and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.lYours sincerely lLi Ming第24页Liu Shenghua问询信问询信l问询信主要目标是寻求所需信息，通常包含以下几个方面内容：首先表明写作意图，说明写这封信目标是要寻求什么样信息；然后就某一详细问题进行问询；最终表明获取信息急迫心情，能够提供联络方式方便收信人与你联络，并表示你感激之情。l写作“三步走”：自我介绍、说明目标;详细问询事宜;表示感激、期盼回复l提醒：问询信语气通常比较正式、和缓，要充分表示感激之情。同时，相比较语气直接疑问句，用一些能够起到提问作用陈说句更佳。第25页Liu Shenghual3：请求信lDear_,lI am writing to formally request to_(请求内容)lThe reason for_is that_(给出原因).I_,so I_(给出细节)lI would also like to request_(提出深入要求).I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.lThank you for your attention to these requests.If you have any questions,do not hesitate to contact me at _(电话号码).I look forward to a favorable reply.lYours sincerely lLi Ming第26页Liu Shenghua请求信请求信l请求信是对收信人提出请求，并希望对方满足该要求。写请求信重点是要写清楚为何要请求他人做某事，请求他人做某事原因。l写请求信时首先要说明写作意图，一定要注意语气要礼貌，用词要规范；然后详细展开说明请求原因；最终表示希望对方给予回复。l写作“三步走”：介绍自己、提出请求;说明原因及其它事项;表示谢意、期盼回复l提醒：在许多情况下，请求信是写给不认识人或者机构，所以在信开头能够做一下简单自我介绍。同时，因为提出请求往往都是需要麻烦他人事情，所以要注意语气礼貌程度，不要吝啬你感激。第27页Liu Shenghual4：道歉信lDear _,lI am truly sorry that_(道歉原因).lThe reason is that_(介绍原因)Once again,I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.lYours sincerely lLi Ming第28页Liu Shenghua致歉信致歉信l我们在工作或生活中，有时难免会犯一些错误，写封致歉信就显得很有必要。道歉信通常包含以下内容：表示歉意；道歉原由；出现差错原因；提出填补方法；请求原谅。写道歉信语言要真挚，解释理由要真实，不要显出丝毫虚情假意。好道歉信不但会取得对方谅解，还会促进彼此感情。l写作“三步走”：表示歉意;说明详细原因、提出补救方法;再次致歉、希望得到了解l提醒：在写作过程中，尽可能提供比较合理理由。假如违反生活常识将造成扣分；在解释完原因后，尽可能提供一个适当补救方法，使行文愈加完满。第29页Liu Shenghual5：感激信lDear_,lI am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for _(感激原因).If it had not been for your assistance in _(对方给你详细帮助),I fear that I would have been_(没有对方帮助时后果).lEvery one agrees that it was you who_(给出细节).Again,I would like to express my warm thanks to you!Please accept my gratitude.lYours sincerelylLi Ming第30页Liu Shenghua感激信感激信l感激信通常带有浓厚感情色彩，含有比较浓人情味。感激信通常分为正式感激信和非正式感激信，前者行文得体、语气礼貌谦恭、用词正式正规；后者语气则愈加亲切热情。l写作“三步走”：表示感激之情并说明原因->提及自己曾受到对方帮助->再次感激并表示回报愿望。l提醒：表示感激之情要恰到好处，不要过于夸大；提议在结尾尽可能表示希望回报对方愿望，显得愈加真诚。第31页Liu Shenghual6：提议信lDear _,lYou have asked me for my advice with regard to _,and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.lIn my humble opinion,you would be wise to take the following actions:_(提议内容)lI hope you will find these proposals useful,and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.lGood Luck with your_(祝福)lYours sincerely lLi Ming第32页Liu Shenghua提议信提议信l提议信是对收信人就某一问题提出看法、提议或忠言。提议信不一样于投诉信，所以写信人一定要注意礼貌当先。提议信普通包含以下内容：首先说明写信目标，其次，在必定优点基础上提出自己提议或看法(不然他人认为你在投诉，而不是在提提议)，最终表示希望采纳提议。l写作“三步走”：自我介绍、说明目标->委婉地提出提议及改进办法，或提出忠言->礼貌地总结或期盼回复l提醒：提提议毕竟不是投诉，所以语言一定要委婉、礼貌，顾及他人感情。在提出缺点之前，最好先必定其优点。第33页Liu Shenghual7：求职信lDear Sir or Madam,lI write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in_(报纸名称)of_(广告公布时间).lNot only do I have the qualifications for this job,but I also have the right personality for a_(工作名称).In the one hand,_(第一个原因).On the other hand,_(另一个原因).lShould you grant me a personal interview,I would be most grateful.If you need to know more about me,please feel free to contact me at any time at _(电话号码)lThank you for considering my application,and I am looking forward to meeting you.lYours sincerely lLi Ming第34页Liu Shenghua求职信求职信l求职信也是申请信一个，是写信人就某一职位向收信人提出请求。求职信普通包含以下几个方面内容：首先要阐述清楚招聘信息起源，以及所申请职位；其次简述个人信息；然后深入强调自己能力，表示理想，并请求给予面试机会；最终提出自己希望，希望得到面试机会，而且告诉对方你联络方式。l求职信语言属于正式用语，在写作过程中一定要注意用词简练准确，语气礼貌自信，态度不卑不亢，所给信息含有一定可信度。尤其是在强调本身经历和优点时候，更应把握尺度。l写作“三步走”：自我介绍，说明求职目标;展示个人能力、经历及求职动机;希望面试机会、表示感激l提醒：因为篇幅较短，而申请者需要尽可能地向用人单位推销自己，所以在求职信中宜笼统概说自己求学和工作经历，突出一至两个吸引眼球闪光点即可。第35页Liu Shenghual8：邀请信lDear_,lThere will a _(内容)at/in_(地点)on_(时间).We would be honored to have you there with us.lThe occasion will start at _(详细时间).This will be followed by a _(深入安排).At around_(时间)，_(另一个安排)lI really hope you can make it.RSVP before _(通知你最终期限)lYours sincerely lLi Ming第36页Liu Shenghua邀请信邀请信l包含宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼等各种邀请信件，形式上大致分为两种：一个为正规格式(formal correspondence)，亦称请柬；一个是非正式格式(informal correspondence)，即普通邀请信。邀请信是在形式上不如请柬那样正规，但也是很考究。书写时应注意：l邀请信一定要将邀请时间(年、月、日、钟点)、地点、场所写清楚，不能使接信人存在任何疑虑。比如：Id like you and Bob to come to Luncheon next Friday.这句话中所指是哪个星期五并不明确，所以应加上详细日期Id like you and Bob to come to luncheon next Friday,May the fifth.第37页Liu Shenghua邀请信回复邀请信回复l邀请信复信要求简明扼要，在书写时应注意以下几点：l1 接收邀请复信中应重复写上邀请信中一些内容，如邀请年、月、日，星期几、几点钟等，如Ill be delighted to attend your luncheon next Friday,May the fifth,at twelve oclock.。l2 邀请信复信中应明确表明接收邀请还是不接收邀请，不能含乎其词，如不能写Ill come if Im in town.这类话，以使得对方无法作出安排。在接收邀请复信中，应对受到邀请表示高兴。谢却复信中应说明不能应邀原由。第38页Liu Shenghua申请信申请信l申请信有很各种，有求职申请信、有加入某组织申请信、有报考申请信、有申请学位或留学申请信，等等。不论哪一个申请信，普通都包含这么几个部分：申请原因，具备条件，恳请申请单位考虑自己申请，并表示谢意，期望回复。l写作“三步走”：开宗明义说明申请原因;展开原因;期盼回复、表示感激l提醒：1 语言言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌；l2 要防止不符合事实浮夸；l3 假如是留学申请和奖学金申请，要注意提供以下信息：写明申请学校和专业，介绍个人履历，索取对方学校相关信息，附上个人经历等材料。第39页Liu Shenghua五、备忘录五、备忘录/汇报汇报l忘录书端（Header）：书端是写在备忘录开头压缩。情况不一样，书端格式可能不一样，不过通常应采取下面这种格式。lDate:January 24，lTo:F.PrefectlFrom:A.DentlSubject:My Suggested Revisions to the Local Demolition Schedule l日期：要采取正式全部拼写。l致和自：通常，省去诸如教授或先生这类头衔。自：后面写你名字首字母大写，然后接你姓。l事由：要详细。l备忘录目标（Purpose）：说明写作原因。采取回答下列问题方式，回答：who，what，when，where and why。第40页Liu Shenghual范例：范例：lDirections:You are the president of a company.Write a memo to Percy Shelley,the vice-president on the employees training on computer,telling him the need to train the employees,detailed information,and ask him to write a plan.第41页Liu ShenghualDate：January 20,lTo：Percy Shelley,Vice PresidentlFrom：Li Ming,PresidentlSubject：Computer Training of the StafflAs we discussed earlier this week,I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff.We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.lI would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program.We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.lWrite up a brief proposal,describing what you think