青海大学昆仑学院英语A水利水电工程班围棋省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

A4 13水利水电2班 夏伟第1页在这里给大家先说一下，围棋英语单词For everyone here,go to the English words.围棋英文：Go（源自日文发音）,weiqi,the game of go或the chess of go（但weiqi用得比较普遍，是我国提倡英文译法）。本人比较喜欢weiqi这个翻译！第2页围棋the game of go 一、历史 A,history 起源 Feels origin 发展 Feels the development 二、棋具 Two,chess 三、规则 Three,rules 基本下法 The basic method feels 胜败判别 The outcome of the discriminant feels 竞赛要求 Feels competition regulations 古代规则 Feels the ancient rules 四、惯用术语 Four,commonly used terms 五、级位段位 Five,level of Dan 六、头衔 Six,title 七、赛事，棋手第3页问题一 Problem:中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”“棋”特指象棋还是围棋？China four ancient art fancies of men of letters chess refers tochess or go?棋指围棋。在古代，弹琴（多指古琴）、弈棋（多指围棋）、书法、绘画是文人骚客（包含一些名门闺秀）修身所必须掌握技能，合称“琴棋书画”Chess refers to go.In ancient times,the piano(especially the Guqin),chess(usually go),calligraphy and painting is bookman(including some noble family)must master the skills of self-cultivation,collectively referred to as literature第4页历史History起源Origin围棋是一个策略性两人棋类游戏，中国古时称“弈”，西方名称“go”。流行于东亚国家（中、日、韩等），属琴棋书画四艺之一。Go is a strategy board game of two people,Chinese in ancient times called Yi,Western name go.Popular in East Asian countries(China,Japan and Korea etc.),is one of the four arts and literature第5页围棋起源于中国，传为尧作，春秋战国时代即有记载。隋唐时经朝鲜传入日本，流传到欧美各国。有学者认为，围棋蕴含着汉民族文化丰富内涵，是中国文化与文明表达。Weiqi originated in China,passed to Yao,spring and autumn and the Warring States era records.Sui and Tang dynasties after North Korea into Japan,spread to Europe and the United states.Some scholars think that chess contains rich connotation of Chinese culture,is the embodiment of Chinese culture and civilization.第6页围棋使用方形格状棋盘及黑白二色圆形棋子进行对弈，棋盘上有纵横各19条直线将棋盘分成361个交叉点，棋子走在交叉点上，双方交替行棋，落子后不能移动，以围地多者为胜。中国古代围棋是黑白双方在对角星位处各摆放两子（对角星布局），由白棋先行。当代围棋由日本发展而来，取消了座子规则，黑先白后，使围棋改变愈加复杂多变。围棋也被认为是世界上最复杂棋盘游戏之一。Go with square lattice board and black and white two color round chessmen chessboard for chess,with vertical and horizontal 19 each line will board into 361 intersections,pieces.At the cross point,alternating sides for chess,Lazi can not move,to ground more for victory.The ancient Chinese chess is both black and white in the horoscope at each placed two diagonal(diagonal layout,first by the white star).Modern chess by the Japanese development,cancelled the transposon rules,black to white,causes the weiqi changes more and more complex and changeful.Weiqi is also considered one of the worlds most complex board game.第7页发展 Development春秋战国The spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period围棋这时已在社会广泛流传了。左传襄公二十五年载：“卫献公自夷仪使与宁喜言，宁喜许之。大叔文子闻之，曰：呜呼今宁子视君不如弈棋，其何以免乎？弈者举棋不定，不胜其耦，而况置君而弗定乎？必不免矣！”这是历史上第一次可靠包括围棋记载，时间是公元前548年。Go now in the society has been widely circulated.Zuo Xianggong twenty-five years set:Wei Xian Gong Yi to self and Ning Xiyan,Ning Xi xu.The smell of the uncle,said:ah.This Ning Zi regarded Jun as the free chess,why?The players not hesitate about what move to make,the prince of coupling,and Fuding?Will not!This is the first time in the history of reliable relates to chess records,time is 548 bc.孔子论语阳货载：子曰：“饱食终日，无所专心，难矣哉。不有博弈者乎？为之犹贤乎已。”Kong Zi the Analects of Confucius goods set:the master said:a careless,hard to be kazuya.Not a game of?Still be virtuous has.第8页秦汉三国During the Three Kingdoms秦灭六国一统天下，相关围棋活动也鲜有记载。Qin unified the six countries,about go activity also little record.到东汉初年，社会上还是“博行于世而弈独绝”情况。直至东汉中晚期，围棋活动才又渐盛行。To the Eastern Han Dynasty,the society or the bo ok in the world and implement unique situation.Until the Eastern Han Dynasty in late,go to also gradually popular activities.第9页南北朝The northern and Southern Dynasties因为南北朝时期玄学兴起，造成文人学士以尚清谈为荣，因而弈风更盛，下围棋被称为“手谈”。上层统治者也无不雅好弈棋，他们以棋设官，建立“棋品”制度，对有一定水平“棋士”，授予与棋艺相当“品格”（等级）。Due to the rise of the northern and Southern Dynasties period of metaphysics,lead to Shang Qing literati talk as the honor,so the game is much more vigorous,chess is called hands.The upper rulers Ya good chess,they set a officer in the chess,the establishment of or system,to have a certain level of champion,grant and chess very character(rank).第10页隋唐宋元Sui and Tang Dynasties,the song and Yuan Dynasties由19道棋盘代替了过去17道棋盘，从此19道棋盘成为主流。而伴随隋帝国对外政策，高句丽、新罗百济把围棋带到了朝鲜半岛，遣隋使把围棋带到了日本国。By the 19 board to replace the 17 board the past,from 19 the board has become the mainstream of.With the Sui empires foreign policy,Goguryeo,Baekje to go to Xinluo with the Korean Peninsula,Sui make go to japan.唐宋时期，能够视为围棋游艺在历史上发生第二次重大改变时期。Tang and Song Dynasties,can be regarded as the chess entertainment in history occurred in second major period of change.明清The Ming and Qing Dynasties明清两代，棋艺水平得到了快速提升。During the two dynasties,chess level has been rapidly improved.第11页对外传输External communication到19世纪中叶后，日本围棋水平赶上中国，并在其后一百年间，将中国远远抛在后面。By the middle of the nineteenth Century,the Japanese go to catch up with the Chinese level,and in the subsequent one hundred years,will Chinese far behind.中国和越南交往能够上溯到秦汉时期，西汉时曾置交趾郡，辖境包含今天越南大部分地域。Exchanges between China and Vietnam can be traced back to the Qin and Han Dynasties,the Western Han Dynasty had the Jiaozhi,territory including this most parts of vietnam.围棋主要展现中、韩、日三国鼎立局面。日本围棋整体水平止步不前，中韩围棋水平不停提升，形成了中韩争霸局面。Go the main presentation,South Korea and Japan the situation of tripartite confrontation.Japan go the whole level of stalled,China and Korea go constantly raise the level of the formation of China and South Korea strives for hegemony situation.第12页围棋主要展现中、韩、日三国鼎立局面。日本围棋整体水平止步不前，中韩围棋水平不停提升，形成了中韩争霸局面。Go the main presentation,Han,day the Three Kingdoms situation.Japan go the whole level of stalled,China and Korea go level enhances unceasingly,has formed the situation of China and South Korea strives for hegemony.20中国包揽围棋界全部世界冠军。不但日本九段在中国新生代棋手面前，已经失去了往昔那种竞争力，曾领一时风骚韩国九段们，也已经极难跟得上中国新生代棋手势如破竹般成长节奏。In 2013 China won the community go all the world champion.Not only the Japanese in the nine segment China Cenozoic players before,have lost that competitiveness is the past,who took 1:00 coquettish nine segments,has been difficult to keep up with the China Cenozoic chess gestures such as broken bamboo like growth rhythm.第13页问题三：Problem three:围棋共有多少颗棋子？Go how many pieces?361颗。棋子数量以黑子181、白子180个为宜。361.The number of pieces to sunspot 181,white 180 is appropriate.第14页 二、棋具Chess 棋子：棋子分黑白两色。多为扁圆形（也有双面突起应 氏棋子）。棋子数量以黑子181、白子180个为宜。Chess:chess pieces divided into black and white.For oblate(also have double-sided protruding should the pawn).The number of pieces to sunspot 181,white 180 is appropriate.棋盘：盘面有纵横各十九条等距离、垂直交叉平行线，共组成1919=361个交叉点（以下简称为“点”）。盘面上标有九个小圆点，称为星位，中央星位又称“天元”。The board has parallel lines:the aspect of all nineteen distance,the vertical cross,which consist of 19*19=361 cross points(hereinafter referred to as thepoint).The disk is marked with nine smalldot,called the star,the central star is also called Tianyuan第15页棋钟：正式比赛中能够使用计时器对选手时间进行限制。非正式对局中普通不使用计时器Chess clock:the official game timer can be used to limit the time for the players.Generally do not use the timer informal games第16页三、规则Rule基本下法The basic method1、对局双方各执一色棋子，黑先白后，交替下子，每次只能下一子。1,each party holds one color on the pawn,black to white,alternating moment,each only a son.2、棋子下在棋盘上交叉点上。2,a pawn on the chessboard of the intersection on.3、棋子落子后，不得向其它位置移动。3,the chessmen Lazi after not to move to other locations.4、轮番下子是双方权利，但允许任何一方放弃下子权。4,take turns suddenly are both right,but allow any party to give up at the right.第17页三、规则Rule胜败判别The outcome of the discriminant中国规则Chinese rules1、贴3又3/4子规则：第一步，把死子捡掉。第二步，只数一方围得点数并统计下来（普通围得点以整十点为单位）。第三步，假如数是黑棋，再减去3又3/4子，假如数是白棋，再加上3又3/4子。第四步，结果和180又1/2（棋盘361个点二分之一）比较，超出就算胜，不然判负。通俗来说为白棋177子为胜，黑棋185子为胜。1,posted 3 3/4 sub rule:the first step,the son picked up.The second step,just count the party around points and recorded(generally around a point to the whole ten points as the unit).The third step,if the number is black,minus 3 3/4,if the number is white,together with the 3 3/4.The fourth step,the results and 180 1/2(half board 361 points of comparison,more than wins),otherwise the negative.Popular for white son of 177 wins,185 black son wins.2、让先与让子：让先不贴目，让子要贴还让子数二分之一（就当被让方是预先收了单官）。2,let the first and let the son:let not the first stick head,let the child should stick also let half numbers(when let party is received in advance a single officer).第18页日韩规则South Korea rules日本和韩国规则是一样，采取数目法，黑棋终局要贴6目半。先数一方目数并统计下来，再数另一方目数并统计下来，然后黑棋减去6目半，最终和白棋比较，多者为胜。通俗来说为白棋178为胜黑棋185为胜。Japan and South Korea,the rules are the same,the number method,black final should be affixed to 6 and a half.Count square mesh and recorded,then the other side of the mesh and recorded,and then the black minus 6 and a half,finally and white comparison,more for victory.Popular for white 178 wins 185 black wins.第19页竞赛要求Competition rules1.先后手确实定successively hand determination对局先后手，由大会抽签编排或对局前猜先决定。On the first hand,by the organizer or before the first guess decided on arrangement.2.贴子post为了抵消黑方先手效率，现行全国性正式比赛在终局计算胜败时，黑方需贴出三又四分之三子。In order to offset the efficiency of black on the offensive,the current national official Games in the final calculation outcome,black to post three and 3/4 sub.3.计时timing计时是确保比赛顺利进行主要伎俩之一。一切有条件比赛应采取计时制度。Timing is one of the important means to guarantee the smooth progress of the game.All conditions of the game should use the timing system.第20页.终局要求Final provisions无单官或其它官子时，为终局。No single officer or other officer,as the final.对局中，有一方中途认输，为终局。另一方中盘胜。认输就是将两个自己棋子放在右下角即可。In the game,one side midway defeat,as final.The other party middle wins.Throw in the towel just two their pieces placed in the lower right corner to.凡比赛一方弃权或因各种原因被裁判员判负、判和对局，也作终局处理。Every race waiver or for a variety of reasons were the referee awarded a negative,and sentenced game,also made the final processing.双方确认终局，确认次序应是，先由轮走方，后是对方以异色棋子一枚放于己方棋盘右下角线外。Both sides confirmed the final confirmation of the order,should be first round,if,after each other in Harmonia pieces is a put on their board the lower right corner of the line.第21页四、惯用术语Commonly used terms1、尖：在己方原有棋子斜上或斜下一路处行棋称为“尖”。Tip:1,in their original pieces oblique or skew the next road for chess called tip.因为尖步调较小，人们也习惯地称它为“小尖”。Due to sharp pace is smaller,people are accustomed to call it the little tip.2、长：“长”是指紧靠着自己在棋盘上已经有棋子继续向前延伸行棋。“长”普通用于与对方接触交战时候，便于将己方子连成一片，更加好地攻击对方。2,long:long refers to the close to their existing in pieces on the board to extend forwards for chess.Long is generally used up contact with each other,to facilitate the ones own son together into one,to attack each other better.第22页3、立：“立”与“长”有着微妙差异，“立”主要指向紧靠着自己原有棋盘上棋子方向向下或向边线方向行棋。Li:Li and long has a subtle difference,Li the main point close to the pawn on the chessboard of the direction of their original down or to the edge direction for chess4、冲：“冲”是指紧靠着自己在棋盘上原有棋子向对方Blunt:rushed refers to the close to their original pieces on the board to each other“关”形中间空交叉点处行棋，这就叫“冲”。“冲”经常是利用自己强一面去阻击对方，将对方棋分成两块，以利于寻找机会毁灭对方。Empty intersection between the rows of Guan shaped chess,his is called chong.Red is often use their strong side to check each other,will the other side of the game is divided into two parts,in order to seek opportunities to annihilate each other.第23页五、级位段位Five,level of Dan级位段位编辑棋手围棋水平高低用段位和级位来区分，从低到高分别为：业余级位，业余段位，职业段位。Level of Dan players go edit level with Dan and level to distinguish,as from low to high:amateur level,amateur Dan Dan,occupation.业余级位设置：The amateur level set:207月1日生效中国围棋业余段位级位制中第四条有：业余段位下设级位，级位可分为1级、2级至25级，1级最高。但级位证书只印制1级、2级、5级、10级、15级、20级、25级等共七个等级。July 1,2005 entry into force of the Chinese chess amateur Dan grade system in fourth:Amateur Dan under level,level can be divided into 1 levels,level 2 to level 25,the highest level 1.But level certificate only printed 1 grade,2 grade,5 grade,10 grade,15 grade,20 grade,25 grade and a total of seven grades.第24页五、头衔Title头衔，是一些比赛冠军特定称呼。Title,is the specific address certain winner.中国头衔战现有天元、名人和新人王。以前还举行过棋王和棋圣。其它几项比赛，冠军没有特殊荣誉称呼，也就是没有头衔。China Title battle Tianyuan existing,celebrities and rookie.Previously also hosted the king and grandmaster.Several other games,the champions have no special honor,there is no title.韩国头衔有：天元、新人王、王中王、名人等。South Koreas Title:Tianyuan,new king,king of kings,celebrities,etc.日本有七大头衔：棋圣、本因坊、名人、十段、小棋圣（碁圣）、王座、天元。Japan has seven Titles:grandmaster,Honinbo,celebrities,ten section,small grandmaster(Qi Sheng),the throne,Tianyuan.双语对照翻译不正确取消清空内容第25页问题二：Problem two:象棋和围棋，哪一个更称得上是我国国棋？Chess and go chess,which one is more regarded as our country chess?是围棋。Go.中国棋院院长、中国围棋协会主席陈祖德作序围棋国棋，首次把围棋定位为国棋，揭示了“国运兴，棋运盛”深刻哲理。Chinese chess courtyard dean,the Chinese Chess Association President Chen Zude a go,Chinese chess,the first to go positioning for the country of chess,reveals the country Hing,profound philosophy chess Wan.第26页围棋与象棋起源于中国，都有数千年历史，是中国传统文化，中国国粹围棋是一个智力游戏，起源于中国，有超出三千年历史。围棋蕴涵着古代哲学中一元生两仪、两仪生四象、四象生八卦、天圆地方、十九农节气、三百六十周天之数等等含义，其改变丰富，意韵深远，魅力无穷。Chess and chess originated in China,has a history of thousands of years,is Chinas traditional culture,go the quintessence of Chinese culture is a mental game,originated in China,has a history of over three thousand years.Go a element contains the ancient philosophy of Liang Yi,Liang Yi Sheng four images,four images and gossip,hemispherical dome,nineteen agricultural throttle,three hundred and sixty Sunday the number of meanings,changes in wealth,picturesque profound,infinite charm.第27页象棋，亦作“象碁”，汉族棋类益智游戏，中国象棋在中国有着三千多年历史，属于二人反抗性游戏一个。因为用具简单，趣味性强，成为流行极为广泛棋艺活动。是我国正式开展78个体育项目之一Chess,also is like Acer,Han Chinese chess game,China chess has a history of over three thousand years in Chinese,belonging to one kind of game two against.Because the equipment is simple,strong interest,become popular very wide range of chess activities.China is one of the 78 official sports第28页今日，围棋已经走出国门,在亚洲围棋人口有数百万人，在欧美国家也有不少人会下围棋。围棋规则十分简单，却拥有十分广大空间能够落子，使到围棋改变多得数不清，比中国象棋复杂多了。这就是围棋魅力。下一盘围棋比下一盘中国象棋普通花时间比较多，快则十五分钟，慢则要几天，多数时候下一盘棋需要一到二个小时。Today,go has been out of the country,the population in Asia go millions of people in Europe and the United States there are many people will go under.The rules of go is very simple,but you can have large space to Lazi,make changes to the innumerable weiqi,Chinese chess is much more complicated than.This is the chess charm.More than a game of go to a game of Chinese chess generally spend time,the fast fifteen minutes,would slow the past few days,most of the time playing a game of chess requires one to two hours.多下围棋对人脑有帮助，可填强一个人计算能力，记忆，创艺，思想能力，判断能力，精神更集中。许多人也认为下围棋会让小孩子学业进步，能更加好分析所学到东西。Many go to help the brain,can calculate the ability strong,fill in ones memory,creative ability,thought,judgment ability,mental focus.Many people also think that go under the will let childs academic progress,analysis can better learn.第29页和大家小小互动一下：And little interaction:象棋与围棋区分是什么？（打一脑筋急转弯)What is the difference between chess and go chess?(a brain teasers)围棋越下越多，象棋越下越少第30页谢谢大家！Thank you！A4 13水利水电2班 夏伟夏伟第31页