汉译英分译合译unit8市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

合译法与分译法合译法与分译法第1页2合译法合译法汉译英合译法汉译英合译法英译汉分译法英译汉分译法*两个或两个以上汉语句子合译成一个句子两个或两个以上汉语句子合译成一个句子*将汉语复句译成英文单句将汉语复句译成英文单句第2页31 1、词汇、短语合译、词汇、短语合译 英文中很多单词，尤其是副词、形容词包含多层英文中很多单词，尤其是副词、形容词包含多层含义，在英译汉中需要分译，但在汉译英时就能够含义，在英译汉中需要分译，但在汉译英时就能够对汉语进行结构整合，一个单词往往就能够代替汉对汉语进行结构整合，一个单词往往就能够代替汉语一个短句。语一个短句。他对自己所取得成就充满自豪，这也不是没他对自己所取得成就充满自豪，这也不是没有道理。有道理。He is justifiably proud of his achievement.第3页42 2、汉语几个句子中主语一致时，常把、汉语几个句子中主语一致时，常把其中单句变成状语，或几个并列分句。其中单句变成状语，或几个并列分句。中国是一个发展中沿海大国。中国高度重视中国是一个发展中沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋开发和保护。海洋开发和保护。As a major developing country with a long coastline,China attaches great important to marine development and protection.湖中有十来枝荷花。荷花上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠湖中有十来枝荷花。荷花上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠滚来滚去滚来滚去。Crystal drops were dropping from a dozen lotus in the lake,while beads of water rolled about the leaves.第4页53 3、描述性多个汉语单句，、描述性多个汉语单句，合并零碎短句合并零碎短句 门口放着一堆雨伞，门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有少说也有12把把，五颜六色，大小不一。五颜六色，大小不一。In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.第5页64 4、把握译文关键点，分清主次信息，化、把握译文关键点，分清主次信息，化零为整。零为整。对比：英译汉分译法多对比：英译汉分译法多“分散处理分散处理”这种床工艺先进，结构新奇，造型美观，款式这种床工艺先进，结构新奇，造型美观，款式多样。多样。The technological design of this bed cushion is advanced with novel structure beautiful shape and various patterns.原并列结构，变成一个单句。原并列结构，变成一个单句。第6页75 5、抓住句子重心，将主要信息译成英文、抓住句子重心，将主要信息译成英文主句，其余部分用分词、动名词、不定主句，其余部分用分词、动名词、不定式、式、独立主格独立主格、介词短语翻译。、介词短语翻译。黄河正在他全部视野下飞奔而下，满河黄河正在他全部视野下飞奔而下，满河映着红色。映着红色。The Yellow River,stretching across his whole field of vision,rushing along,its entire surface reflecting red.第7页英译汉分译法单词分译短语分译句子分译词义分译分译简明分类：搭配分译灵活对等分译突出语言重点分译修辞需要词语分译短语词义短语结构短句分译长句分译第8页汉译英分译法 句子分译按内容层次分译从主语变换处罚译为了强调语气而采取分译原文出现总说或分述时要分译从关联词（如转折）处罚译其它情况第9页你想到了吗？一一 按内容层次分译按内容层次分译首先应了解原文层次，搞清所包含层次意思以及首先应了解原文层次，搞清所包含层次意思以及各层次关系。各层次关系。比如：比如：中日两国是近邻，只隔一衣带水，我们两国关系中日两国是近邻，只隔一衣带水，我们两国关系已经有一千多年历史。已经有一千多年历史。译：译：China and Japan are close neighbors China and Japan are close neighbors separated separated by just a strip of water.|The relations between by just a strip of water.|The relations between our two countries have a history of more than our two countries have a history of more than 1000 years.1000 years.分析分析：这句话有两层意思这句话有两层意思，一是中日两国一衣带水近邻，一是中日两国一衣带水近邻关系，二是，两国悠久历史。关系，二是，两国悠久历史。两大分句本身意义完整，两大分句本身意义完整，能够单独成句。能够单独成句。back第10页第二，从主语变换处罚译第二，从主语变换处罚译 假如原文有主语变换，就能够从变换处罚译假如原文有主语变换，就能够从变换处罚译。比如比如：她隔窗望去，突然发觉一只小船停泊在她隔窗望去，突然发觉一只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫在睡觉。河边，船里有位船夫在睡觉。译：译：looking through the window,she suddenly spotted a boat mooring to the bank.|In it there was a boatman fast asleep.分析分析:原文由两层含义原文由两层含义，前两个分句描述她向外望，看到，前两个分句描述她向外望，看到小船，二者共用一个主语小船，二者共用一个主语“她她”，最终一个分句是说船夫，最终一个分句是说船夫在睡觉，在睡觉，主语变成了船夫。主语变成了船夫。back第11页第三，从关联词（如转折）处罚译第三，从关联词（如转折）处罚译比如：比如：声速随温度升降会有轻微增减，但不受气压影响。声速随温度升降会有轻微增减，但不受气压影响。The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls slightly with a decrease in temperature and falls slightly with a decrease in temperature.temperature.|It is not affected by the pressure of the It is not affected by the pressure of the air.air.分析：分析：转折前后句意较为完整能够分译，另起一转折前后句意较为完整能够分译，另起一句。句。back第12页第四，原文出现总说或分述时要分译当原文出现分述与概括句子时，要么是先概括再分述要当原文出现分述与概括句子时，要么是先概括再分述要么是先分述再概括，都能够在分述与概括之间进行分译。么是先分述再概括，都能够在分述与概括之间进行分译。比如：比如：不不晓晓得得季季节节与与结结婚婚有有什什么么关关系系，不不过过从从初初冬冬到到春春天天结结婚婚人人数比其它季节多了很多，可能就是所谓结婚季节吧。数比其它季节多了很多，可能就是所谓结婚季节吧。Dont Dont know know what what relation relation exists exists between between the the season season and and marriagemarriage，but but the the number number of of marriages marriages is is much much greater greater from from early early winter winter to to spring spring than than in in other other seasons.seasons.Maybe Maybe this this is is the the season season of of marriage people usually call.marriage people usually call.分析：分析：原句中先分说再总述总述时，另起一句。back第13页第五，为了强调语气而采取分译带有显著强调语势能够采取分译法带有显著强调语势能够采取分译法 比如：比如：我我们们主主张张对对我我国国神神圣圣领领土土台台湾湾实实施施和和平平统统一一，相相关关政政策策，也也是是众众所所周周知知和和不不会会改改变变，而而且且正正在在深深入入全全中中华华民民族心坎。（邓小平文选第三卷）族心坎。（邓小平文选第三卷）We We want want peaceful peaceful reunification reunification with with Taiwan Taiwan which which is is part part of of our our sacred sacred territory.territory.|Our|Our policy policy in in this this regard regard is is also also known known to to all all and and will will not not change.|change.|The The desire desire for for peaceful peaceful reunification reunification of of the the motherland motherland is is taking taking hold hold in in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.分析：分析：本句语气较为强硬，拆成份句增强了气势。back第14页第六其它情况（一）看句末是否有疑问句或感叹句假如句末有疑问句或感叹句，就能够采取分译把它们译成独立句子比如：（1）该认可，每个民族都有它优点，不然他为什麽存在？It must be admitted that every nation has its strong points.If not,how can it survive?（2）你们这些调皮家伙，这儿用不着你们，滚开You naughty boys are not wanted there.Get along with you.分析：“滚开”是感叹句，是断句显著标志第15页第六其它情况（二）除了上述几个情况外，我们会发觉有时分句之间并没有显著结构标识，如关联词等。在这种情况下，就需要观察分句之间内在逻辑关系，以此判断句内有几层含义，然后再进行分译。比如：园内有亭台楼阁，有池塘和假山，景点超出40个，天天最少有一万人在园内浏览。With pavilions,halls,towers,ponds and rockeries,it has more than 40 scenic spots.At least 10 000 people visit the garden every day.分析：前三个分句介绍园内景点，最终一句介绍游客，二者在语义上似乎是并列关系，组成两层意思。第16页第六其它情况（三）在翻译实践中何时采取分译法是一个错综复杂问题，这里提出只是几个方法，利用起来要依据详细情况灵活变通。比如：耳朵是用来听声音器官，鼻子用来嗅气味，舌头用来尝滋味。采取分译法：采取分译法：The ear is the organ which is used for hearing.The nose is used for smelling.The tongue is used for tasting.未采取分译法：未采取分译法：The ear is the organ for hearing,the nose for smelling and the tongue for tasting.分析：有时不用分译法，能够使译文愈加简练明了第17页第六其它情况（四）再有，在通常情况下，汉语长句需要分译，但也不能一概而论，有时原文是长句，译文也是长句。比如：在考古学家看来，/只有生活在水中或者近水而生动植物才最有可能使他们尸体得以保留，/因为保留必要条件之一是快速埋葬，/而且这些尸体之类东西也唯有在海洋、江河、湖泊中才能被快速地掩埋而保留起来，因为那里泥沙是不停淤积着。/第18页 From the view point of an archaeologist,/it is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved,/for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial,/and it is only in the seas,rivers and lakes,where mud and silt have been continuously deposited,that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved./分析：原文长，译文也长，但译文并没有所以而损坏原文含义。第19页 有一天，一位非常要好女朋友来探望我，我知道她平素最喜欢花花草草了，临别时我说，采一束玫瑰点缀你闺房吧，确保十里飘香。女友轻轻跨进花园，东闻闻，西嗅嗅，神采飞扬，就是不愿采摘。我说没关系，多是，我又不是花店老板，也不会靠玫瑰盈利。说完我就举起尖刀准备献美。女友急忙拦住，高声叫着不可不可。这么漂亮玫瑰剪下来，让人心疼。她紧抓着我袖子嘱咐：千万不能剪啊，玫瑰是泥土微笑，谁忍心杀戮美得醉人微笑？第20页