2021高考英语(广东专用)大二轮总复习定时训练-4.docx

定时训练(4)
Ⅰ.专题特训(情态动词与虚拟语气)
一、依据提示或语境填入适当的情态动词，使句意完整，然后熟读感悟。
1．When I lived with my roommates in the university，we ________ often talk into the night.
解析　句意：当我在高校与室友一块住的时候，我们经常谈话到深夜。would 在此表示过去的习惯性动作，其他几项没有此意。
答案　would
2．Students ______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
解析　句意：同学应当坐在他们的座位上，直到全部的试卷被收上来。该空 shall表示规定、命令，故选B。
答案　shall
3．She didn't come to the party last Sunday.________，she must have made the party more exciting.
解析　句意：上星期五她没有来参与那个宴会。假如来的话，她确定能使那个宴会更加令人感动。在虚拟条件句中，假如将If省略，则将助动词提前。Had she come＝If she had come。语境为与last Sunday 的事实相反。
答案　Had she come
4．—Why does Thomas speak through every discussion but never listen to the others?
—That's what he ______ do.We used to hate that，but are used to it now.
解析　句意：“为什么托马斯每次争辩都始终说，但是，从来不听其他人的？”“那就是他情愿做的事。我们过去厌烦(他那样做)，但是，现在我们已经习惯了。”will表意愿，还可表示决心、许诺、指示、嘱咐等。
答案　will
5．Brain，like muscles，also needs some kind of exercise and nutrition.The more you use your brain in the right direction，the more you ______ enhance your ability.
解析　句意：大脑像肌肉一样也需要一些熬炼和养分。以正确的方式用脑，你用得越多，就越能够增加你的力量。依据语意可知，此处表示“将，会”的概念，因此应用will一词。
答案　will
6．The parcel was a whole week late.How I wish I ______(choose) air mail instead.
解析　句意：这个包裹晚了整整一周。我多么期望我当时选择的是航空邮政。依据题干可知，本句考查的是wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气的用法。依据语境可知，此处是与过去状况相反的虚拟语气，故应用“had＋过去分词”结构，had chosen符合题意。
答案　had chosen
7．—David is often absent from class.
—Tell him he ______ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.
解析　句意：David现在经常旷课。告知他，假如再这样，后果自负。情态动词shall用于其次、三人称的陈述句中，可表示警告、许诺、命令、威逼等语气。
答案　shall
8．—Can you keep a secret?
—You________ worry—I'm not going to mention it to anyone.
解析　句意：你能帮我保守隐秘吗？你不必担忧，我不会向任何人提及的。needn't不必要，依据句意可知应填needn't。
答案　needn't
9．If I ________(take) your advice then，I think that the crops could be growing better.
解析　句意：要是当时我听了你的建议，现在庄稼可能长得更好。由“then”可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，所以if引导的条件句要用“had＋过去分词”形式。
答案　had taken
10．—How was your trip to Yancheng last week?
—Wonderful! I only felt sorry that I ____________(visit) the nature reserve of red－crowned cranes，but the weather was awful.
解析　句意：你上周去盐城的旅游怎么样？相当不错！要不是天气糟糕的话，我本可以去参观丹顶鹤自然爱护区的。那是我唯一感到圆满的事情。本题为含蓄式虚拟语气的表达，其中but引导的句子相当于if条件句。依据语意可知，此处是对过去状况的假设虚拟，因此主句中的谓语动词应用“should/could/would＋have done”的形式。
答案　could have visited
11．—Nowadays children have more freedom.
—I agree.They ______ do what they like.
解析　句意：“如今孩子们有更多的自由。”“我同意。他们能够做他们宠爱做的事。”can意为“可以，能够”。
答案　can
12．She often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through QQ，as if they ______(be) chatting in her living room.
解析　考查虚拟语气。句意：她经常在QQ上和伴侣们共享她内心最深处的想法和担忧，好像他们正在客厅里谈天似的。依据语境可知，as if引导的状语从句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，因此，从句中用be的过去式were。
答案　were
13．Oh，I'm not feeling well in the stomach.I ________(not eat) so much fried chicken just now.
解析　考查情态动词。情态动词与动词原形连用可以表示对现在和将来的推想；当它与动词完成式连用时表示对过去的推想。shouldn't have done意为“过去本不应当做某事”。由语境可知，此处是指刚才本不该吃那么多炸鸡。
答案　shouldn't have eaten
14．—Where did you get this book?
—I picked it up from a second－hand bookshop if you ________ know.
解析　考查情态动词辨析。句意：你在哪买到这本书的？假如你非要知道的话，我是在二手书店买到的。must此处表示“非要，偏偏”，符合题意。
答案　must
15．—Did Ann fail in English?
—She ________(have)．Don't you notice that she looks depressed?
解析　句意：“安妮通过考试了吗？”“她可能没有通过。你没有看到她很失落吗？”依据句意可知是对过去的事情的推想，所以填may have(failed)。
答案　may have
二、依据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。
1．要是他依据医生要求的那样静静的躺着，他现在就不那么受罪了。
If he had lain quietly as the doctor instructed，he __________________ so much now.(suffer)
2．现在已经12点了，莫非你不认为我们该回家了吗？
It's already 12 o'clock now.Don't you think it's about time we ____________？(go)
3．我昨天得了重感冒，否则，我就会完成作业了。
I had a bad cold yesterday，otherwise I __________________ my homework.(finish)
4．要不是由于英语考试，我上周日就会去听音乐会。
But for the English examination，I __________________ to the concert last Sunday.(go)
5．要不是由于她不会唱歌，我就邀请她参与聚会了。
If it __________________ the fact that she can't sing，I would invite her to the party.(be)
6．即使太阳从西边升起，我对你的爱也不会变。
If the sun were to rise in the west，my love for you __________________．(change)
7．认真检查后，Michel的医生坚持认为他伤得很重，坚决要求他马上动手术。
After careful examination，Michel's doctor insisted that he ________ badly wounded and that he ________________________ at once.(operate)
8．假如不是空气吸取了太阳的部分热量，夜晚地球会格外冷，不适合我们居住。
Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat，the earth at night ________________________ for us to live on.(too)
9．我宁愿你明天去买书。
I would rather you ________________________ tomorrow.(go)
10．他谈起话来好像他已经知道了这个隐秘。
He talked as if he ____________ the secret.(know)
答案　1.would not suffer　2.went home　3.would have finished　4.would have gone　5.were not for　6.would not change　7.was；should be operated on　8.would be too cold　9.went to buy books　10.had known
Ⅱ.完形填空
体裁：说明文　话题：人生哲学　时间：12分钟
Negative criticism is always hard to take.However，there are several __1__ you can adopt to minimize the damage and improve future communication with the critic.
First，it is essential to welcome criticism at all times.Often __2__ will react negatively when those they criticize are defensive.Try to listen to the __3__ behind the criticism，not the actual words.If you assume that your critic has your best interests at heart，it will be easier for you to be more open and less defensive，which in turn may help to __4__ the emotional charge of the situation.
Second，it is important to listen carefully and __5__ questions.Usually people are so scared when they receive criticism that they remain __6__ throughout the entire encounter.Asking clarifying questions in a modest manner can help identify specific issues.One of the best questions to ask is，“What __7__ do you have for me？”Echo what the critic is saying to make sure that you understand their points.
Third，__8__ the critic to deliver the sum of their criticism before responding.Do not try to rebut each point as it comes up，but do listen __9__，make mental notes，and discuss your perspective after you've received all of the bad news.There's a good chance that they will be more receptive to your __10__ if they feel you've given them the opportunity to be __11__ in full.
Finally，it is absolutely critical to stay cool.It is natural to feel defensive when being criticized and it can be not easy not to __12__ that message in your body language.You may find yourself crossing your arms and shrugging your __13__，and your breathing and heart rate may increase.Try to relax.Take a few deep breaths.Be aware of your own __14__ cues.If the situation becomes truly __15__，ask to take a quick bathroom break or suggest that you resume the conversation at a later date.
【语篇导读】　本文介绍对受到批判时应实行的四个策略：开心地接受批判；认真倾听并提出问题；急躁听完批判再做回应；泰然自若地面对。

1．A.explanations B．strategies
C．obstacles D．charateristics
解析　该句是文章的主题句，下文的四个自然段提出的是四个应对批判的策略，同时，该空是定语从句中的先行词，在从句中充当adopt的宾语。
答案　B
2．A.receivers B．optimists
C．critics D．applicants
解析　与该句中的they criticize可知，critics与criticism，criticize是同根词复现。
答案　C
3．A.ideas B．information
C．expression D．mistakes
解析　与下文中的not the actual words相对应。ideas与words是语义场的同现。
答案　A
4．A.expand B．spread C．reduce D．take
解析　由第一段的to minimize the damage可知选C。reduce与minimize是近义词复现。
答案　C
5．A.escape B．refuse C．answer D．raise
解析　由下文的Asking clarifying questions和One of the best questions to ask可知。raise与ask是近义词复现。
答案　D
6．A.confused B．silent C．active D．calm
解析　so scared...that“如此可怕以至于不敢吱声”，解题策略是因果同现。
答案　B
7．A.suggestions B．requirements
C．conclusions D．disagreements
解析　由上一句的Asking clarifying questions in a modest manner可知答案为A。
答案　A
8．A.forbid B．interrupt C．allow D．persuade
解析　由下一句中的Do not try to rebut each point as it comes up可知不能在批判者每提一点时就急于去申辩，应“允许(allow)”他把话说完。
答案　C
9．A.hopefully B．properly
C．constantly D．attentively
解析　由其次段listen carefully可知，应先急躁倾听。attentively与carefully为近义同现。
答案　D
10．A.indifference B．opinion
C．judgment D．existence
解析　回应上文的discuss your perspective after you've received all of the bad news。
答案　B
11．A.caught B．understood
C．heard D．witnessed
解析　受批判者倾听即是批判者“被听”hear与listen是反义同现。
答案　C
12．A.hide B．convey C．notice D．enquire
解析　受批判时自然会感到不舒适，而这种会在肢体语言中表露出来，即“不简洁不表露出来”。
答案　B
13．A.legs B．hands C．lips D．shoulders
解析　shrug shoulders是搭配同现。
答案　D
14．A.personal B．psychological
C．mental D．physical
解析　crossing your arms and shrugging your shoulders与physical cues是上下义复现。
答案　D
15．A.unbearable B．unbelievable
C．unpredictable D．unchangeable
解析　只有在“不能忍受的”状况下，作者才会建议ask to take a quick bathroom break。解题策略是规律推断。
答案　A
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
体裁：记叙文　话题：人生经受　时间：7分钟
(2022·天津五校联考)When I was young I wanted to be a model，so when a national contest was staged，I convinced my parents to take me for an audition(试演)．I was selected and told I had potential.They said that for only $900 I could attend a weekend event which dozens of the most prestigious(有声望的) modeling agencies from around the world would attend.At 13，my hopes of fame and fortune clouded all judgment and I begged my parents to let me go.We have never been rich，but they saw my enthusiasm and agreed.
I imagined being signed by some famous model companies.For months，any boredom or disappointment I faced was pushed aside because I knew I would soon have the chance to be a real model.I thought I would grace the covers of famous magazines!
Of course，I wasn't signed，but what hurt the most was being told that if I grew to 5'9”(about 1.75 metres)I could be a success.I prayed for a growth spurt (冲刺)because I could not imagine giving up my dream.I made an appointment with a local modeling agency and the agent demanded $500 for classes，$500 for a photo shoot，and $300 for other expenses.My parents only agreed after hours and hours of my begging.
The agency sent me out on a few auditions，but with every day I didn't receive a call，I grew more depressed.The_final_straw came in July after I had decided to focus on commercial modeling.There was an open call in New York City.We spent hours driving and another few hours waiting，only to be told that I was too short.I was devastated(感到难以承受的)．
Years later，I realized that the trip to New York was good as it made me notice I didn't actually love modeling，just the idea of it.I wanted to be special and I was innocently determined to reach an impossible goal.The experience has made me stronger and that will help me in the future.
1．What's the main reason why the author wanted to be a model?
A．She won a national contest.
B．She wanted to get reputation and wealth.
C．She was urged by some modeling agencies.
D．She had full potential to be a successful model.
解析　细节理解题。由文章第一段倒数其次句可知，B项中的reputation和wealth正好体现出来。
答案　B
2．What's the author's parents' attitude towards her dream?
A．Encouraging. B．Worried.
C．Doubtful. D．Enthusiastic.
解析　推理推断题。从文章第一段中“I begged my parents to let me go”和第三段最终一句话“My parents only agreed after hours and hours of my begging”，作者多次恳求父母可以看出父母对此事深表怀疑，不怎么同意。
答案　C
3．What was it that made the author end her attempt to become a model?
A．Her parents were strongly against it.
B．She realized that it was impossible for her.
C．Even a local modeling agency turned her down.
D．She realized that she didn't actually love the idea of modeling.
解析　细节理解题。从最终一段中“I wanted to be special and I was innocently determined to reach an impossible goal.”可得出答案。
答案　B
4．The underlined phrase “The final straw” probably means ________．
A．the last in a series of bad things that happen to make someone very upset，angry，etc
B．the final result that she was admitted by the model company
C．the final audition given by the agency
D．the decision that she made at last not to be a model any more
解析　词义猜想题。倒数其次段说到作者每天都在等电话，可还是绝望了。在打算从事商业模特后，作者去纽约，几个小时的驾驶和等待后再次被告知因个子太矮而被拒绝，作者感到难以承受，由此可知画线词组“最终一根稻草”指的是不好的事情。
答案　A
5．What did the author learn from her experience of struggling to be a model?
A．Where there's a will there's a way.
B．Being a model is not that easy.
C．We should have our own judgment and should not just follow others.
D．We might set unpractical goals but the experiences can help us grow.
解析　推理推断题。由文章最终一句话可知答案。
答案　D
B
体裁：谈论文　话题：健康科学　时间：7分钟
(2022·济南四校联考)According to body language expert Robert Phipps，the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have.Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality.
Phipps found that worriers，those who stress the most，tend to sleep in the fetal(胎儿的)position.He found that this is the most common bedtime position，with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down.The more we curl up(蜷曲)，the more comfort we are seeking，according to Phipps.
The second most common position is the log.Sleeping with a straight body，with arms at each side，as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace，indicates stubbornness，and these people(the 28 percent who sleep this way)often wake up stiffer than when they went to sleep.
“The longer you sleep like this，the more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible，which means you make things harder for yourself，” according to Phipps.
Yearner(憧憬型)sleepers are next on the list.About 25 percent of people sleep in this style—on their side with arms stretched out in front，looking as if they are either chasing a dream or perhaps being chased themselves.Yearners are typically their own worst critics，always expecting the best results，explained Phipps.These people often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead.
Perhaps the most peculiar(惊异的)of sleep styles is the freefaller position.This sleep style makes up 17 percent of the population.They sleep face down with arms stretched out.These people，according to Phipps，feel like they have little control over their life.Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles，but also the least comfortable，and people may wake up feeling tired and have no energy.
In conclusion，Phipps has only one more thing to add：“A good night's sleep sets you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake.”
6．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．A Good Night's Sleep Sets You Up for the Following Day
B．Your Personality Depends a Lot on How You Sleep at Night
C．How You Sleep at Night Affects What You Do the Next Day
D．Which Sleeping Position Helps You Sleep Comfortably
解析　主旨大意题。依据本文的主题句中的“the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have”可知，本文主要讲的是“一个人晚上睡觉的姿势在很大程度上打算了这个人的共性特点”。
答案　B
7．Which of the following pictures is the fetal position?

解析　细节理解题。依据其次段中的“with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down”可知，“胎儿睡姿”的姿势是“侧躺，头朝下、膝盖往上蜷成一团”，故选D项。
答案　D
8．The underlined word “rigid” is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．stubborn B．flexible
C．comfortable D．strange
解析　词义猜想题。依据第三段中的“indicates stubbornness”和第四段中的“you can become inflexible”可推知，该词与A项意思最接近。
答案　A
9．Which sleeping position indicates that the sleeper tends to seek perfection?
A．The fetal position. B．The log position.
C．The yearner position. D．The freefaller position.
解析　细节理解题。依据第五段第三句可知，“憧憬型睡姿”的人对自己要求严格，追求完善。
答案　C
10．Which of the following shows the structure of the p