2021年高考英语考点总动员系列-专题03-介词和介词短语(原卷版).docx

【母题再现】
题型介绍：
介词短语的用法和介词基本词义辨析考点，是英语高考命题的热点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：介词的基本用法辨析、介词短语的用法等。
命题形式：
本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.单选填空（毁灭在自主命题区）；2.语法填空（短文填空）（毁灭在全国卷中）3.短文改错。
高考选题：
题型1：
【2022·全国大纲卷】29.September 30 is the day_______which you must pay your bill.
A. by B. for C. with D. in
题型2：
【2022·福建卷】短文填词（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，依据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填人一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义精确，拼写正确，并将该词完整地写在答题卡中相应的横线上。
Many of us were raised with the saying "Waste not, want not.” None of us, (76) _h , can completely avoid waste in our lives.
Any kind of waste is thoughtless. Whether we waste our potential talents, our own time, our limited natural(77) （资源）,our money, or other people's time, each of us can become more aware and careful. The smallest good habits can make a big (78) _d . It's a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our(79)h in a world that is in serious trouble. By focusing on( 80) （节省）oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part (81) cutting down on waste.
We must keep reminding (82) （白己）that it is easier to get into something (83)
it is to get out of it. Actually, severe damage( 84)d ____to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution. It's time for us to( 85)____no to waste so that our grandchildren’s children will be able to develop well. We can't solve all the problems of waste, but we can encourage mindfulness.
Waste not！
题型3：
第一节 【2022·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
留意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon .We didn’t need to do so many homework .Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities .For example , we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day .
My dream school look like a big garden .There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings .We can lie on the grass for a rest , or sat by the lake listening music .The teachers here are kind and helpfully .They are not only our teachers but also our friends .
解题技巧：
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。 使用频率相当高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多种不同的用法；一个相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在二轮的备考中必需逐一把握每个介词的用法；弄清楚易混介词的用法异同；能够依据具体语境机敏运用介词。
解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
解答介词类试题应留意：
1.考查常用介词的基本用法
英语的常用介词包括in，at，on，by，to，for，after，before，about，over，above，with，under等，命题者在对这类考点命题时往往会要求考生结合特定的句子进行语境理解。
2.考查习语性介词短语的用法
英语中习语性介词短语有很多，如at cost按成本；beyond belief难以置信；by accident偶然地，意外地；for example例如；out of reach无法拿到；等等。
3.考查特定词语与特定介词的搭配
有不少形容词、名词、动词等在与介词搭配时，往往有自己的习惯。
4.考查复合介词的用法
复合介词指的是由两个或两个以上单词组成的介词，它们可能是由“副词十介词”构成，如along with，apart from，together with，up to等；可能由“动词（形容词、连词等）+介词”构成，如except for，owing to，due to, but for，because of等；也可能由“介词十名词十介词”构成，如by means of，in addition to，in comparison with，on account of，with regard to等
【考点揭秘】
高频考点一：考查常用介词词义辨析
【浙江省宁波市2022届高三其次次模拟】Jack, what’s your main reason for choosing one restaurant ______ another?
A. from B. over C. on D. by
高频考点二：考查复合介词的用法
【浙江省宁波市十校2022届高三三月联考】In such a background, his white hair was particularly his dark skin．
A．in relation to B．in need of C．in contrast to D．in favor of
高频考点三：考查习语性介词短语的用法
【浙江省绍兴市第一中学2022届高三上学期回头考】 —What do you think of Thomas?
—Well, he is good, warm-hearted, hard-working and intelligent; _______, I can’t speak too highly of him.
A. in a word B. as a result C. by the way D. on the contrary
高频考点四：考查特定词语与特定介词的搭配
【浙江省绍兴县鲁迅中学2022届高三一般高等学校招生5月适应性考试】 People in these countries demand equal treatment for all, ____race, religion or sex.
A. in defence of B. regardless of C. instead of D. in support of
【直击高考】
1. 【2022·浙江卷】18. There’s no reason to be disappointed. ______, this could be rather amusing.
   A. Above all         B. As a result             C. In addition         D. As a matter of fact
2.【2022·重庆卷】7. She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went _______ the road.
A. on B. along C. from D. off
3.【2022·北京卷】23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.
A. by B. in
C. for D. until
4.【2022·天津卷】6. _______ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
A. In reply to B. In addition to C. In charge of D. In place of
5.【2022·江西卷】25. Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.___; it could just put you in debt.
A. In other words B. All in all C. As a result D. On the other hand
6.【2022·江西卷】33. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life __his great wealth.
A. without B. despite C. in D. to
7.【2022·福建卷】22. Our club is open to everyone ____ age, sex or educational background.
A. due to B. except for C. along with D. regardless of
8.【2022·湖北卷】Check carrots，potatoes, onions and any other vegetables_____ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.
A. in demand B. in store C. on loan D. on sale
9.【2022·江苏卷】24. Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ________.
A. in place B. in order C. in shape D. in fashion
10.【2022·陕西卷】14. The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
A. by B. of C. in D. with
11.【2022·浙江卷】10. While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers  without
    asking for anything ______ .
   A. in return            B. in common           C. in turn               D. in place
【课后反馈】
夯实基础：
1．【浙江省台州市2022届高三下学期三月第一次模拟】 Circumstances are human control, but our conduct is in our own power.
A. within B. against C. beyond D. below
2．【浙江省温州市十校联合体2022届高三上学期期中联考】Drunk driving, which was once a frequent occurrence, is now______.
A.under debate B.under control C.under construction D.under investigation
3．【浙江省温州市十校联合体2022届高三上学期期中联考】— I was surprised to see wild flowers in Alaska.
— Many people think there is nothing there _______ ice and snow.
A. but for B. rather than C. apart from D. regardless of
4．【浙江省温州中学2022届高三上学期期末考试】You can take the rest of the pie with you. ___________, I wish you would, since I’m on a diet.
A. On the other hand B. As a matter of fact C. As a consequence D. In addition to it
5．【浙江省诸暨中学2022届高三上学期期中】Only later did Mary realize that she had a talent _____ garden design.
A. with B. to C. for D. of
力气拓展：
6．（英语卷·2022届江苏省扬州中学高三模拟考试（5月））________ the Hong Kong singer’s current popularity, she was largely unknown in the Chinese mainland before the talent show.
A. With B. Despite C. Besides D. Beyond
7．（江苏省清江中学2022届高三第一次月考） My brother isn’t very good at English, but _____ maths, he is second to none.
A. in view of B. in face of C. in terms of D. in favor of
8．（江苏省南京市、盐城市2022届高三其次次模拟（淮安三模）英语试题）—I'd like Johnson to take the job.
—He is____ . Better not add to his workload.
A. out of place B. out of order C. out of shape D. out of question
9．（江苏省泰州市姜堰区2022届高三上学期期中考试英语试题）______ the numbers in employment, the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this country last year.
A. In spite of B. In case of C. In terms of D. In favor of
10．【2022届四川省成都市乐山一中高三10月月考试题】It’s me why some people are crazy about iPhone. It’s just a means of communication.
A. above B. under C. beyond D. over
自我提升：
11．【2022届四川省成都七中高三下学期英语试题】 I think it unwise to live ______ one’s income, as is the case with a lot of young people today, who often turn to their parents for help.
A. beyond B. within C. outside D. over
12．【2022届四川省成都石室高三上学期一诊模拟考试（二）试题】He can speak four languages, _______ English, French, Japanese, and Chinese.
A. such as B. for instance
C. for example D. namely
13．【2022届四川省凉山州高三其次次诊断性测试试题】They are similar＿＿＿appearance, but differ＿character
A. to; from 　B. in; from 　C. to; in 　　D. in; in
14．【2022届甘肃兰州一中高考冲刺卷二】 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most Americans don’t like to get advice _____1______members of their family. They get advice from “_____2_____ （strange）”. When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. _____3_____ many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines _____4____ give advice on many different subjects, _____5_____ （include） family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, and even on how ____6______ （buy） a house or a car.
Most newspapers regularly print letters from ______7_____ （read） with problems. Along with the letters _____8______ are answers written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, ______9____ are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special _____10____ （train） for this kind of work.
15．【2022届甘肃嘉峪关一中六模】I’d like to tell you what our school had worked out a new program. The purposes of the program is to make our school more beautiful, and to turn our school into the better place for us to study and live in. According on the program, we will plant different kinds of trees, flower and grass around our school. Beside, we will build a small garden in where we can do some reading and take a rest. What’s more, some statues of famous people will set up to encourage us work harder. Don’t you think it a wonderful program?
【名师小结】
在解答有关介词的试题时，一是需要深刻理解单个介词的含义；二是需要弄清楚复合介词的区分；三、介词短语作插入语的用法。