2021贵阳市高考英语语法填空、短文改错、阅读类训练(6)及答案.docx

2021贵阳市高考英语语法填空、短文改错、阅读类训练（6）及答案

语法填空
阅读下面短文，依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡括号为16-25的相应位置上。
There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see a lot of people sleeping on the bus or train on their way home __16__ work in the evening. A man will be reading the newspaper, and seconds later it appears as if he is trying to eat it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger sitting next to him. Another place where __17__ (plan) short sleep goes on is in the lecture hall __18__ a student will start snoring so loudly that the professor has to ask __19__ student to shake the sleeper awake. A more __20__ (embarrass) situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and __21__ weight of the head pushes the arm off the desk, and the movement carries the rest of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no memory of getting there. The __22__ (bad) time to fall asleep is when driving. Police reports are full of accidents that occur when people fall into sleep and go off the road. __23__ the drivers are lucky, they are not seriously hurt. One woman’s car, for example, went into the river. She woke up in four feet of water and thought that it __24__ (rain). When people are really tired, __25__ will stop them from falling asleep — no matter where they are.
【参考答案】语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
16. from /after 17. unplanned 18. where 19. another
20. embarrassing 21. the 22. worst 23. If
24. was raining 25. nothing
（任何与答案不相符的都不对，包括字母的大小写。）

【2021届广东省高三上期末华附、省实、广雅、深中四校联考】
完形填空 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从16—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We cannot escape hearing and seeing brokenness in this world. We are reminded daily that as humans we are more fragile than we would want to 16 , and are exposed to being broken on a daily basis or 17 others directly or indirectly.
We’ve all 18 some form of brokenness, and we know of others who have. For some people, brokenness has been a blessing in disguise. Though 19 it makes them weak, the long-term strength is increased, which makes them a 20 person. For some, it takes them down hard, pushing them to 21 from society and sometimes self-destructive habits are formed.
Mental, emotional, financial, spiritual and physical brokenness affects everyone at some point on our journey of life. The 22 back to wholeness after an encounter with brokenness can be positive or negative, bitter or better. So does this mean the measure of recovery from the brokenness 23 on the type of brokenness? My answer is no.
Nelson Mandela was kept in prison falsely for 27 years in total---but look at the end of his life. He must have 24 some form of brokenness at some point but today his life speaks of wholeness. His ability to come back as a 25 person speaks for itself.
There are men and women who have returned from war with limbs 26 , mental, social and emotional 27 , but today they’re still whole. In relationships, hearts are broken but people deal healthily with their brokenness and 28 to let what has broken them kept them broken. They’ve 29 .
Sure, it’s a(n) 30 to survive any form of brokenness but believing you are worth better and with the right support system, we can be made whole again.
16. A. conclude B. expect C. admit D. prove
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。conclude推断； expect 期望； admit牵强承认； prove证明。依据we are more fragile可知，此处是指人类比我们所情愿承认的更脆弱，故选C。
17. A. breaking B. wounding C. interrupting D. affecting
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。breaking破坏，挫伤； wounding损害； interrupting打断； affecting 影响。由空前的being broken和空后的others可知，此处应填breaking。此处论述了我们每天都面临着被挫伤或挫伤别人。
18. A. finished B. experienced C. shared D. changed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。finished完成； experienced经受； shared 共享； changed转变。由下文的论述可知，此处指我们在生活中都“经受”过某种形式的挫折，我们也知道其他人患病过的挫折。
19. A. inconveniently B. slowly C. dangerously D. temporarily
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词及语境理解的力气。inconveniently不便利的； slowly慢地； dangerously危急地； temporarily临时地。由上句中的a blessing in disguise和空后的the long-term可知，对于有些人来说，遇到挫折就像塞翁失马，焉知非福，因此脆弱只是临时的，故选D。
20. A. richer B. busier C. calmer D. better
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词及语境理解的力气。richer 更丰富的； busier更忙的； calmer更安静的； better更好的。实力增加自然会使他们成为更加优秀的人，故选D。
21. A. survive B. withdraw C. suffer D. stop
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。survive存活； withdraw收回，退出，撤退； suffer患病； stop停止。由空前的takes them down hard 和空后的self-destructive推断，这里说明的是那些无法承受打击的人的状况。由此推断，他们遇到打击后会一蹶不振，渐渐脱离社会。
22. A. road B. signal C. idea D. direction
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词及语境理解的力气。road道路； signal信号； idea想法； direction方向，指导。由空后的back to wholeness推断，此处应用road，表示由残缺恢复到完满之“路”，故选A。
23. A. insist B. turn C. look D. depends
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。insist坚持； turn转动； look看； depends on依靠，取决于。前面说到，恢复的过程可能是乐观的也可能是消极的，可能是苦痛的，也可能是幸福的，可能是健康的也可能是不健康的。由此作者提出问题：那么这是否意味着从挫折中恢复过来的方法取决于我们遇到的挫折的类型呢？
24. A. accepted B. faced C. predicted D. remembered
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。accepted接受； faced面临，面对； predicted猜想； remembered记住。由于曼德拉一生坎坷，他确定在某个时候患病过某种形式的挫折，所以才会以他为例。
25. A. whole B. political C. clever D. healthy
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词及语境理解的力气。whole完满的，整个的； political政治的； clever聪慧的； healthy健康的。依据上文today his life speaks of wholeness (现在他的人生堪称完满)可知，作者认为他现在是一个完满的人，故选A。
26. A. shaking B. missing C. stretching D. growing
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。shaking摇动； missing残缺的； stretching伸长； growing生长。依据常识可知从战斗中回来的一些男女他们的四肢残缺，故选B。
27. A. powers B. abilities C. challenges D. failures
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词及语境理解的力气。powers权利； abilities 力气； challenges挑战； failures 失败。从战场上退下来的人，除了肢体的残缺外，应当还会遇到精神、社会和情感上的问题，因此此处用challenge（挑战）合适，故选C。
28. A. choose B. hesitate C. mean D. refuse
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。choose 选择； hesitate迟疑； mean打算，意味着； refuse拒绝。由but today they are still whole可知，他们并没有任由这种残缺连续下去，而是以健康的方式对待，拒绝让那些损害他们的人或事使他们一蹶不振。故选D。
29. A. moved on B. lit up C. given in D. calmed down
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。moved on连续向前； lit up 点火； given in 屈服； calmed down安静下来。由上文可知，他们抚平了过去的创伤，不抛弃、不放弃，勇往直前。故选A。
30. A. opportunity B. process C. fight D. attempt
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词及语境理解的力气。opportunity 机会； process 过程； fight 战斗，斗志； attempt尝试。依据上文和空后的to survive any form of brokenness 可知，从任何形式的挫折中生存下来都是一场战斗（fight）。故选C。

阅读理解
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near­infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR­absorbing group called o­nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so­so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light­absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
1. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?
A. Temperature change. B. NIR light.
C. Acidity change. D. UV light.
2. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?
A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.
B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.
C. It has not come onto the market up till now.
D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.
3. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?
⇨⇨⇨
A. protected B. formed
C. exposed D. combined
【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加平安、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。
1. B　信息理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near­infrared light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。
2. D　推理推断题。依据第三段最终两句“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知答案。
3. C　信息理解题。依据最终一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。

模拟短文改错
Usually most divers don’t go very deep. Mainly they dive to 1．
a depth of about 20 meter. Then they swam around as they slowly 2．
return to the surface. Everyone wants to dive must first have diving 3．
lessons. There are few dangers that you have to learn about. For one 4．
thing, you might have problems with its air bottle. A diver must 5．
know how the equipment works and is able to recognize possible 6．
problem. There are also dangerous types of fish that you must look 7．
out for. You must be familiar to the environment you’ll be diving 8．
in. Before you go on a dive, make sure you know that what you are 9．
getting into. Diving may look easily, but if you don’t have the 10．
necessary training, it can be both difficult and dangerous.
【参考答案及解析】
1. 正确 经分析本句正确。
2. swam – swim 考查动词时态。文章叙述的是通常的惯例，故用一般现在时。
3. wants前加who / that, 或Everyone – Whoever考查句子结构分析。此处must have是谓语动词，wants前加who/that构成定语从句，把Everyone – Whoever构成主语从句。
4. few前加a, 或few – some 考查句意理解。此处意为：你必需知道有一些危急。故用a few或some。
5. its – your 考查代词指代全都。此处your应与有保持全都。
6. is – be 考查句意理解及并列关系。此处be与know并列。
7. problem – problems 考查名词的单复数。依据句意可知可能的问题不止一个。
8. to – with 考查介词的用法。解题关键：把握短语“主语（人）be familiar with ”。
9. 去掉that 考查名词性从句的连接词。此处what是宾语从句的连接词，故去掉that。
10. easily – easy考查形容词的用法。此处look相当于系动词，故用形容词。