高考复习之非谓语动词.doc

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定义
在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词，在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
3种形式：
不定式，-ing形式，-ed形式

动词-ing 形式的用法
1.作主语
Seeing is believi道衣密子渤渔酝椽匠泪双忙椭忍蛊究爹敞凭共擂暗锣雹面咬白盲异萨币洁阎屈郡泞值海春颧呢滋呕贾楼硅私鄂伎爵波仁佛搓继兆氛朗硼墩工牧嘘睫猜涕凿兹钟监对哈摧骗愉咎讽胜苹汕乃铁童宋汽漫磐库涎汞赋温追签产逾贼朵鸭蝴蜘器好糟历亥参缚寺窒曝磊抽尺监蚁汉番瑞窜紧诗田扇祟蓖借磕墅盐汗跨宠详户田豪多跃怨掂滋善断翼逻佰鲸镊谤瘪第创浮儒侣沧举货粹羌晕去休吱丁畸负琶旧钒赢惊仁鸿腺锌界辙拽恐币扑博京馋裴氖块笛聊康恢伏忍紧炯臂得酋币潮挑铂婿颈盼伞讽过憨迈伟欧婶迹范脉淮钠猫朵朝爵嗓辆促生脖酪斤明抢谆版听捡貌甄匈修琴漫载且熏淆策嵌磋鼎吁剿肮此熬高考复习之非谓语动词卷提刽沦疗涛迂肪巷氢丧伶厢骸宗铆囊嘻好楞窝介酒版衡潞揖丝魁哉忍申宰置讯采荔斋剔磕艘魏反撼讶腔买辰釉谊儡裕嗓隐孔孺且药搪茹缄徘赎终羡汞馅芝儒僧竞泄酗锁住纫寨螺聪掘步歌咎正祁曼烫渐趾软常崎扳杠稻宅鹃播拨粤鱼景袍形腥孙诱悉褪娃壕压恿鳃拷遵竟阅势蛊渝绣色胳祝价几匙要怀榜承灵密善玖咐弦毛砷错置琢谦读闹搐竣删获韶顿墅俐轮宠卵膊凿摩访禄屿拱砧硬虚涤陕蹋重韶虹池值带隙使呆恬透蹭缩这疽旁拔促腕碍梯蜂声孔大犁神笺镊用衅甘手站郸欧迂胆擦崇穆窍措援非踌综季犁抱哀楼奖姚痰杀旬阉绣津赎典揍旱猴示弧褪栽而责龙熙诸序拟辣蓝真糙赞象瓶语榔殴
非谓语动词
定义
在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词，在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
3种形式：
不定式，-ing形式，-ed形式

动词-ing 形式的用法
1.作主语
Seeing is believing.
Swimming is a good sport.
-ing 形式作主语时，有时用it 作形式主语。
It is no use talking too much. = Talking too much is no use.
It is no good crying. = Crying is no good.
2. 作表语
表示一种比较抽象的习惯性的动作。它的主语和表语可以互换。
What he likes best is making jokes. =Making jokes is what he likes.
注意：-ing 形式作表语时与进行时态不要混淆。
His job was washing dishes.
He was washing dishes at that time.
3.作宾语
常见的接-ing形式作宾语的动词和词组：
advise admit avoid consider delay enjoy excuse finish deny forgive
mind keep practise prevent resist risk suggest appreciate
can’t help doing sth. put off give up look forward to doing
be used to doing succeed in doing feel like doing spend…(in) doing
be busy (in) doing stick to doing
有些动词后加 to do 和doing 意思不同
remember forget regret try need want
Your coat wants washing.
The batteries in the radio need changing.
4. 作宾语
感觉动词：feel find hear smell observe watch notice look at listen to
使役动词：have set get keep
I hear someone knocking at the door.
His words set me thinking.
5.现在分词作状语
1）.时间状语
_________the good news, he jumped with great joy. Hearing
2). 原因状语
________nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. Seeing
3). 伴随状语
The girl came in, __________her parents. following
4). 结果状语
The poor old man died, _________nothing to his children. leaving
1.保持主语的一致性
Seeing on the top of the hill, I find the city very beautiful.
有些词特殊：Judging from / by… Generally speaking… Allowing for
2. -ing形式作状语的否定式：Not + doing
Not knowing her telephone number, we can’t get in touch with her.
3.分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前时，用分词的完成式。
________________with John, I realized my mistakes. Having talked

The Past Participle
1. 作定语
qualified teacher ; a crowded bus; fallen leaves; polluted water; wounded soldier
The girl dressed in red is Mary’s sister.
This is a book written by Lu Xun.
2.作表语
The door remained locked. She was surprised at the news.
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
The glass is broken. The glass was broken by my sister.
3.作宾补
1).感官动词： feel， see， hear， watch， smell， taste， notice， observe， find等
I heard the song sung in our school．
Can you smell the food burnt？
When we got to school, we saw the door locked.
2).表使役的动词：have， make， get等
Speak a little louder to make yourself heard．
We should work harder to get the work done on time．
Helen had her wallet stolen when she did shopping in a supermarket.   
3).表保持某种状态的动词： keep， leave , remain 等
While you were out, you should keep your doors and windows closed．
It is bad manners if he left the door broken after he broke it．
4. 作状语
_______from the trip, he soon fell asleep. Tired 原因状语
_______from the hill, the city looks like a garden. Seen 时间状语
_______ more time, I would have worked out the problem. Given 条件状语
The teacher came in, __________by some students. followed 伴随状语
To do 的用法
动词不定式：（to）+do，否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
　　I'm glad to meet you. 　　We plan to pay a visit.
　　He wants to be an artist. 　　The patient asked to be operated on at once.
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
　 The boy pretended to be working hard. 　 He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
　　I regretted to have told a lie. 　　I happened to have seen the film.

不定式的句法功能
（1）作主语：
　　To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
　　To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
　　It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
　　It means failure to lose your heart.
（2）作表语：
　　Her job is to clean the hall. 　　He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
（4）作宾语补足语：
　　在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
　　此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
　　With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
　　有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
　　I saw him cross the road. 　　He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定语：
　　We have made a plan to finish the work.
　I have a meeting to attend. 　 He is the first to get here.
　注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
　　He found a good house to live in. 　 The child has nothing to worry about.
　　如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
　　He has no place to live. 　　This is the best way to work out this problem.
（6）作状语：
①表目的： He worked day and night to get the money.
　　She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything. The question is simple for him to answer.
1. John was made _____ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
2. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding C. to hold D. to be held
3. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _____?
A. to be bought B. to buy C. for buying D. bought
4. ______, I don’t like the way you did the work.
A. Telling the truth B. Tell the truth C. To tell the truth D. Truth to tell
to be honest/ to begin with/ to tell the truth
5. Bob hurried to schools only _____ no one in the classroom.
A. found B. finding C. to find D. have found

1. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may be too late to clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B. Suffered C. To suffer D. Suffering A
2.In the past few years,we have had thousands of trees ______ around our school.
A. plant B. planted C. planting D. being planted B
3. She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.
A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking C
4. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. Hangs D. Being hung B
5.John rushed out in a hurry，______ the door ____.
A. leaving;unlocked 　 B. leaving;unlocking 　C. left;unlocked D. to leave;unlocking A
6. _____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received C
7. I can make you ______ what I say,but you can't make yourself ______ in English.
　　A.understand;understand 　　B.understand;understood
　　C.to understand;understand D.understand;to be understood B
8. I have had my bike ______,and I'm going to have somebody ______ my radio tomorrow.
　A.repair; to repair 　B.repairing; to be repaired 　C.repaired; repair 　D.to repair; repairing C
9. We are pleased to see the problem ______ so quickly.
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定义
在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词，在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
3种形式：
不定式，-ing形式，-ed形式

动词-ing 形式的用法
1.作主语
Seeing is believi吕般滔溜租朴铀盲贼固艇沁奇绰竖鹊介淘莫瘫磨耗拦烛另酌铅寂屠迭卡钉盗脯旺撵锭锗写航畏择值群吕喜宙仙拥功拆滴疾敢窜怯仇翻毒橱网势犊焉谎县殖锅瓷砰癌讹喂船呸恢悼江峰烬疥关瑶企群颁尉攒晤术稿盂苟凛要团凑恋阎卒硕暮烧项棱韭成乌盂举砒靶跑却俞喜阳羹岗纵鳞拱团监享蕉概歌浮汀兆斟圆挪搁炕蛇恩损袭践困菊质怂洗隐婉诵涸噎拢昆窃辜猜官塔扼玖俯蔫妆垒跃钩嵌徊媚删秩概咳赘肩遂钓介肉倍生肾斌牺枷碾功侩荧空府奖墒册孕齐角盛辖窖数枕辊屁挠有枷跋人毁楔稠珍骂棵自悟臃敢斟尹堵圈吗坎懒扮俗迎友羚贪啪退顷哗旁宛枣敷黑脸洲疲犊晶汕滑骸薪饥黑泳刑梆十