2021成都市高考英语阅读理解专题选练及答案3.docx
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1、阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。体裁:说明文话题:公民科学时间:7分钟Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers,many of whom may have no specific scientific training,perform or manage researchrelated tasks such as obs
2、ervation,measurement or computation.An example of citizen science is a project called Project BudBurst.Over the past six growing seasons,Project BudBurst has used thousands of volunteer observers.They record when local plants develop their leaves,flowers and fruit.The observations go into a huge dat
3、abase.Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time.Project director Sandra Henderson says participatory science like this is an idea that is growing quickly.For example,people who enjoy astronomy can observe changes in the brightness of a star.People can examine satellite i
4、mages of Earth to look for sites where archeologists might find the lost tomb of Genghis Khan,the Mongolian warrior and ruler.Or someone interested in orca whales can listen to underwater microphones and let researchers know when the whales are present.Thousands of Americans and Canadians volunteere
5、d to count birds this past migration season as part of Project FeederWatch.Another area where citizen science has grown is in testing water.Amanda Bruner coordinates SoundCitizen,a project based at the University of Washington campus in Tacoma.It keeps track of pollutants in Puget Sound.Some people,
6、including scientists,still question whether average citizens can collect reliable data.New digital tools can help settle questions about data quality,and make it easier for people to take part in citizen science.Public health research is another area where average citizens are getting involvedin som
7、e cases,whether researchers like it or not.The idea is for the public to have a voice in how public health studies are done.There is even a saying for this kind of activism:“No more research about us without us.”【语篇导读】本文属于科普类说明文,主要介绍了公民科学的含义以及人们对它的看法。1Who are the participants involved in citizen sci
8、ence?AProfessional scientists who have retired.BThe public showing interest in some science projects.CCitizens who have specific scientific training.DStudents wanting to be scientists.解析细节理解题。依据文章内容可知,公民科学的参与者是对一些科学项目有爱好的民众,他们中很多人并没有接受过特定的培训。故B项正确。答案B2According to the passage,if you are interested i
9、n plants,you may take part in _.AProject BudBurstBProject FeederWatchCSoundCitizenDpublic health research解析细节理解题。依据其次段中的“They record when local plants develop their leaves,flowers and fruit.Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time.”可知答案为A。答案A3From Paragraph 3,we can inf
10、er that _.Acitizen science develops quickly and includes many fieldsBthere is no need for professional scientists to do researchCobservation is the only method to do citizen scienceDcitizen science has grown in testing water解析推理推断题。依据其次段末尾句和第三段所述内容可推知,citizen science进展快速且所涉领域很广,故A项正确。D属于明示信息,不属于推论。答
11、案A4What can help get reliable data in citizen science?ASpecific scientific training.BMore participation of the public.CGreater social support.DNew digital tools.解析细节理解题。依据倒数其次段最终一句“New digital tools can help.take part in citizen science.”可知答案为D。答案D【长难句解读】原文Citizen science is a term used for projects
12、 or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers,many of whom may have no specific scientific training,perform or manage researchrelated tasks such as observation,measurement or computation.译文公民科学用于指那些处理科学工作的工程或持续进行的项目,参与其中的是一些个人志愿者或志愿者群体,他们中很多人可能没有经过特
13、定的科学训练,而执行或者管理与科学争辩有关的一些任务,如观看、测量或计算。分析定语从句“in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers.or computation”为限制性定语从句,修饰“projects or ongoing programs of scientific work”,这确定语从句的主语“individual volunteers or networks of volunteers”又被many of whom 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰。阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的
14、四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。【广东省2022届高三考前冲刺卷(七)】APlants that live in the rainforest have adapted in amazing ways to several very difficult conditions.This means that the plant has changed something in its “body” or “habits” to make it easier to survive in difficult conditions.There are several conditions
15、they have had to adapt to.First,the soil of the forest floor is shallow.Also,the soil of the rainforest is not very rich,or easy to grow in.Next is the problem of very heavy rain which continues over a large part of the year.Finally,many plants of the rainforest are food for animals that live there.
16、The biggest problem that rainforest plants have to adapt to is the lack of sunlight in the rainforests lower levels.Plants have adapted to this problem in several ways.Many plants have very large leaves.The large leaf is helpful because it has a bigger surface area.The bigger surface area a leaf has
17、,the more sunlight it can absorb.The canopy trees adapt by growing to be 100 feet tall so that their leaves can grab all available sunlight.Other plants called lianas (climbing woody vines) have adapted by rooting themselves in the soil of the forest floor and growing up the trees until they reach t
18、he canopy layer.Still other plants,such as epiphytes,have adapted by growing directly on the treestrunks and branches in the canopy and understory layers of the rainforest.An adaptation to the large amounts of rainfall that many rainforest plants have is called “drip tips”Their leaves are tapered (渐
19、渐变细) to a sharp point at the end.This allows water to run off the leaf quickly.There are many other adaptations that rainforest plants have made to their environment.These will be discussed in detail,as we investigate the plants of the rainforest! 26Which of the following is a difficulty that the ra
20、inforest plants have to face?AChanges in their “body” or “habits”BSoil that is not very deep.CEpiphytes that grow on treestrunks.DThe worsening of the natural environment.27How do lianas adapt to the environment in the rainforest?AThey grow under big leaves for protection.BThey rely on other plants
21、to reach the canopy layer.CThey change their leaf structure constantly.DThey grow on other plantsbranches.28The underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to _.Athe takein of sunlightBthe large amounts of rainfallCthe leaves having a sharp point at the endDwaters running off the leaves qu
22、ickly29What can be inferred about rainforest plants?AThey have to face dangers not only from animals but also from each other.BToo little sunlight and too much water are the biggest problems they face.CDifferent kinds of plants have different ways to absorb sunlight.DAll of their adaptations have be
23、en investigated in detail.30What would be the best title of the passage?AHow do Plants Adapt to the Rainforests?BWhy do Plants Change Themselves?CWhat Kind of Plants Is the Most Adaptable?DWhat Is the Best Place for Plants to Live in?26B细节理解题。依据第一段的“First,the soil of the forest floor is shallow.”,可知
24、B为答案。27B细节理解题。依据其次段的“Other plants called lianas.growing up the trees until they reach the canopy layer.”可知答案为B。28C词义猜想题。this指代的是前面提到的“Their leaves are tapered to a sharp point at the end.”。D项是转变后的结果。29C推理推断题。依据其次段的“Plants have adapted to this problem in several ways.”及后来列举的不同植物的适应方法可推出C为正确答案。30A主旨大意
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