同等学力英语语法辅导1.doc

2010级研究生课程进修班 语法辅导 任课教师 赵伟礼

2010级研究生课程进修班 语法辅导

语法重点复习和练习
I. 主谓一致
II. 动词
III. 虚拟语气
IV. 比较级
V. 倒装句
VI. 情态动词
VII. 复合从句
☺2010 Grammar Review 1
☺2010 Grammar Review 2
☺2010 Grammar Review 3

I. 主谓一致
1). Professor Pole, together with ten of his students and all his assistants, (is, are) working at the lab.

2). The director, accompanied by the managers, (is, are) inspecting the newly-built factory.

3). My father as well as my mother and my sister (is, are) enjoying the vacation abroad.

2. 物质名词
4). A lot of milk (was , were) poured into the sea.

5). Too much salt (does, do) you no good.

3. 量词
6). Every boy and girl (know, knows) the rule of game.

7). Much time (has, have) been wasted in talking without doing.

8). The whole house (has, have) to be renovated.

9). A great deal of gold (has, have) been mined illegally and smuggled out of the country.

10). The majority of the committee members (is, are) for the proposal.

11). The minority of the students (is, are) against this regulation.

4. 连接词连接两个成分
12). Neither she nor I (am, is) planning to go abroad.

13). Not only the coach but also the players (is, are) greatly disappointed.

14). The pilot as well as some of the passengers (has, have) miraculously survived the crash.

5. There 句型
15). There (has, have) little rain today.

16). There (exist, exists) much to be learned about the various grains and their value to humans and animals

6. 从句作主语
17). That reading detective stories is more fun than reading an essay on philosophy (is, are) obvious.
= It (is, are) obvious that reading detective stories is more fun than reading an essay on philosophy

18). Who is responsible for these accidents (is , are) not yet clear.

19). What he has done and why he has done it (is, are) questions only he himself can answer.

7. 强调句
20). It is my brother that (has, have) devised the scheme.

21). It is her friends that (has, have) been to many countries.

l 注：　如何确定强调句？

8. 其他
22). More than one suggestion (have, has ) been made.

23). More than one (have, has ) been discussed.

24. Electronics (is, are) Greek to me.

25. The New York Times (is, are )available to big cities
.
26. The Philippines (is, are ) one of the south-eastern countries.
II. 动词
我想去看打球。(如何翻译?)

1. 用法
（1）只能用不定式作宾语的动词有：
l 1). promise

l 2). Plan

l 3). refuse

l 4). fail

l 5). hesitate

l 6). expect

(2）只能用动名词作宾语的动词有：
l 7). suggest

l 8). enjoy

l 9). quit

l 10). avoid

l 11). finish

l 12). risk

l 13). deny

l 14). consider

l 15). Would you mind

l 16). can’t help

l 17). I don’t fancy

(3) 两者均可，意思差别不大
18). begin, start ( to do, doing )sth.

19). like, prefer , love

20). hate

(4) 两者均可，意思差别很大
1).
l 21). stop reading; stop to read
l 22). leave off reading; leave off to read

2).
l 23). try to taste the mango
l 24). try taking the Chinese herbal medicine

3).
l 25). mean to go bowling
l 26). It means doing the right thing.

4).
l 27). remember + to call her after the meeting
l 28). remember + calling her

5. 词组中“to”　是介词时
• 29). look forward to

• 30). devote to

• 31). object to

• 32). He submitted to

• 33). This amounts to

• 34). resorted to

II. 动词 (时态)
考点 1
• 1). Between one thing and another, my sister (does, did) not finish tying her
paper last night.

• 2). The meeting (will take , took) place a fortnight ago tomorrow.

• 3). (Did, Do) you mean what you say yesterday evening?

• 4). We haven’t met each other since she (leave, left) Guangzhou

考点 2
• 5). I’ll go with you on a holiday if classes for next week (are, will be)cancelled.

考点 3
6). My boyfriend .
A. has forever admired me.
B. forever admired me.
C. was forever admiring me.
D. is forever admiring me.

考点 4
7). By six o’clock tonight he (will leave, will have left) for Beijing.

8). By the time you come back we (will have graduated, will graduate).

9). My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there by then.
• A. would leave B. has left
• C. will have left D. had left

考点 5
10). They fulfilled the project earlier than they .
• A. have expected B. had expected
• C. were expecting D. expected

考点 6
11). This soup sour.
• A. is tasted B. are tasted
• C. taste D. tastes

III. 虚拟语气

基本句型： 从句 …＋ 主句…
• If … + would…

• 1). If the soup had more salt in it, it would taste better.

• 2)If I had met him in the street, I would not have recognized him.

• 3). If I were to live up to 200 years old, I would change my present way of life.

• 注：should; were to; 动词过去时（与将来时间相反）
• 4).If he came next week, he would still be able to meet us.

2. 省if 的句型
A. 5). If I were in your position, I would not quit now. =
• Were I in your position, I would not quit now.

6). If you had not given me your help, I would not have completed my thesis. =Had you not given me your help, I would not have completed my thesis.

B. without
7). Without air and water, there (will be, would) no life on earth.

8). Without your help, I would not have completed my thesis.
=If I had not given me your help, I would not have completed my thesis.

C. but for
9). But for your help I (had not found , would not have found) the place.

3. 混合型
• 10). If you that DVD movie last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.
• A. haven’t watched
• B. hadn’t watched
• C. didn't watch
• D. wouldn't have watched

• 11). I would have rung you but the telephone (was, had been) out of order.

• 12). The meeting (was, would have been) over on time but Smith held us with his long financial report.
• 13). I would go to visit them but I (didn’t , don’t) think they are anxious to see me.

3. Wish + 从句
• hope 与　wish 的区别

• 14). I wish I knew his name.

• 15). He wishes he had jotted down the address.

• 16). We all wish you would join us tomorrow.

• 17). How she wishes her family could go with her.

4. 有些动词的宾语从句虚拟语气省“should”
(1). 建议, 提议，请求，命令
1). suggest，propose;
2). ask, require, request, demand; insist;
3). order;
4). recommend;
5). urge;
6). decide;
7). maintain;
8). move

9). We suggested yesterday that he (went , go) at once.

10). The head nurse insists that the patient (be not, not be) moved.

11). They insisted that he (was, be) wrong.

12). The survey suggested that their findings (be, were) reasonable.

(2). It’s suggested that …句型
13). It’s proposed that an urgent survey (was , be) made right away.

14). It is required that all applicants (be, were) interviewed

(3). It’s 形容词 that …句型
15). It is urgent that reinforcement (be, is) sent to the front at once.

16) It is preferable that you (brings, bring) more clothes with you.
(4) 固定搭配
would rather; had rather
17). We’d rather (die, died) than (give up， gave up) our belief.

18). You’d rather (stay, stayed) here for the night.

19). I’d rather you (come, came) tomorrow

20). They’d rather we ( are, were) not present at the meeting. .

21). We had better (send, to send) for an ambulance.

22). It’s time we (should leave, leave, left)

IV. 比较级

1. 同级比较
(1). the same (+n. )as …
(2). be as adj. as…
(3). V. as adv. as …

• 1). My shirt is (as, the same) size as yours.

• 2). Our house is ( the same, as) large as yours.

• 3). I can do the job (so, as) quickly as you.

• 4). Seldom do we see him dressed (as, so) decently as today.

2. 比较级
(1). 单音节＋－er (longer, later)

(2). 多音节 more + beautiful

5). In summer the days are more longer than in winter. （此句对吗？）

3. 最高级
A.
6). But for some typing errors, the essay would be (more perfect, perfect ).

7). By putting forth a totally new theory, he made (the most unique, the unique) contributions to the exploration of the origin of the solar system.

B.
8). The video camera is superior in every respect (than, to ) that.

9). Women are not inferior (than, to) men.

10). His wife is senior (than, to) him by five years.

11). This civilization is by far junior (than, to) that of the Nile Valley.

C.
否定词＋比较级＝最高级
12). No one could be more loyal to duty (than, to) he was.

13). Nothing is more precious (than, to) time yet nothing less valued.

4. 同类比较
14). The population of China is larger than (that of , / ) any other country.

15).The fur is as soft as (that of, / ) a cat.

5. 倍数
• 倍数 + (larger than/ smaller than) + n.
• 倍数 + ( as much as / as many as) + n
• 倍数 + ( more than) + n

16). The radio now costs twice (more than, as much as) it did last year.

17). American ate nearly ten times as (many, much) meat as the British.

18). Our room is three times (larger than, larger to) theirs.

V. 倒装句

1. 否定词位于句首
1). My friend has never been to Beijing.
Never has my friend been to Beijing.

2). Hardly had we started (when, than) it began to rain.

3). No sooner had I lain down (when, than) the telephone rang.

注： 刚/ 一… 就…
倒装句
4) Hardly…when…
5) No sooner …than…
非倒装句
6) On …ing
7) The moment/ the minute/ the second/ the day 从句…
8) -ly: directly, immediately, instantly
9). The moment/ (Directly) he returned home, it began to snow.

2. Only 位于句首 Only + 状语(或副词)…
10). We can finish our master’s courses only in this way.
• = Only in this way can we finish our master’s courses.

3. So 位于句首
11). The earthquake was so strong that it caused many casualties.
= So strong was the earthquake that it caused many casualties.

4. Often 位于句首
12). The teacher often warns us everything matters.
• = Often does the teacher warn us everything matters.

13). Busy…… he is, he can seize the chance of fulfilling the task.
• A. because B. as
• C. no matter how D. although

14). Hardly anything more than the happiness of seeing someone using his advice for treatment.
• A. please him B. does please him
• C. pleases him D. does him please

15). Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.

VI. 情态动词

1. Should (ought to) + have +done
• 表示过去时间
• 该做而没有做
• 意思是：“本来应该…”

2. Needn’t + have + done
• 表示过去时间
• 表示对已经做过的事情感到是不必要的。
3. must + have + done
• 表示过去时间
• 一种猜测
• 意思是：“一定…”

4. must not= mustn’t
• 表示不可以做的…
• 意思是：“不能…”

VII. 复合从句

考点 1
1). is obvious.
• A. That things will improve
• B. What tings will improve
• C. Things will improve
• D. If things will improve

考点 2
2). He put forward the suggestion the matter be brought up at the next meeting.
• A. which B. that
• C. what D. whether

考点 3
3). The two things they felt very proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.
• A. about which B. of which
• C. off which D. for which

考点 4
4). Shanghai is one of the most important financial centers I have known.
• A. what B. that
• C. which D. for which

考点 5
5). He mentioned a book the title has slipped my memory.
• A. of which B. for which
• C. about which D. in which

考点 6
6). Human beings are superior to animals they can use language as a tool to communicate.
• A. lest B. for that
• C. in which D. in that
考点 7
7). We are facing the same problems we did years ago.
• A. which B. as
• C. what D. that

2010 Grammar Review 1

I. Nouns
1. Mr. and Mrs. Wood are so excited today, for they bought yesterday.
A. many furnitures B. a lot of furniture

2. have traveled in space-ships already.
A. Woman astronauts B. Women astronauts
C. Women astronaut D. Woman astronaut

3. have come up with the solutions to the problem.
A. The boy students B. The boys students

4. The lady over there is .
A. Jane’s and Mary’s mother
B. Jane and Mary’s mother

5. Ever since Picasso’s painting went on exhibit, there large crowds at the museum every day.
A. are B. have been C. is D. has been

II. Pronouns
6. These machines are better than we turned out last year.
A. that B. what C. those D. Which

7. My parents in this evening.
A. are both B. all are C. both are D. are all

III. Adjectives
8. all the poems I have read recently, Thomas Hardy’s The Darkling Thrust seems the most relevant to our times.
A. Of B. Among C. In D. About

9. Questioning the quality of the air they breathe becomes less important
than about the next paycheck.
A. having questioned B. questioning
C. to have questioned D. question

10. But she would rather stay at home alone than to Jane’s gossip.
A. to listen B. listening C. listen D. listened

11. The new method for refining aluminum was that it became practical for many purposes
A. so more cheaper B. so much cheaper
C. so many cheaper D. such much cheaper

12. one’s work properly may be worse than not doing it at all.
A. Not to do B. Doing not
C. doing D. Not doing

13 After a whole day’s heavy work, the old worker returned home, .
A. hungry and felt exhausting B. hunger and exhausted
C. hungry and exhausted D. hungry and having been exhausted

14. Some people are sitting on the grass; others are strolling along the lake side, .
A. chatting and to laugh B. to chat and to laugh
C. chatting and laughing D. chatting and laughed

15. Television has become a major instrument of communication, us to see as well as to hear all kinds of programs.
A. to permit B. permitted
C. being permitted D .permitting

16 The student expected there more reviewing classes before the final exams.
A. is B. to be C. being D. have been

17. Nobody enjoys having a tooth .
A. drill and fill B. drilling and filling
C. to drill and fill D. drilled and filled

18 It’s no good remember grammatical rules.
A. trying to B. to try to C. try to D. tried to

V. Passive voice
19. The United Kingdom Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. consisted of B. is consisted of C. consists of