同等学力考试英语样卷三及答案解析.doc

2013年同等学力考试英语样卷三及答案解析Part Ill Reading Comprehension(45 minutes。25 points)Section ADirections: In this section，there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements，each with four suggested answers A，BC and DChoose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer SheetPassage One Childhood exposure to a group of chemicals，which are used widely in a variety of products，including water-resistant clothing and microwave popcorn，could reduce the effectiveness of common vaccines，a new study has found Researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston looked at over 580 children and found that those who had higher concentrations of these perfluorinated(全氟化的) compounds(PFCs)in their blood had lower immune responses to diphtheria(白喉)and tetanus(破伤风) vaccinations An insufficient immune response to a vaccine can mean a child is actually vulnerable to catching a disease even though they have been vaccinated against it，the researchers said “When we take our kids to the doctors office to get their shots，we expect that the vaccines are going to workWhat we found was that there was an increasing risk that they didnt work if the kids had been exposed to the PFCs，”study author Philippe Grand-jean was quoted as saying by LiveScience.(21)What makes the childrens common vaccines less effective according to the new study?AThe exposure of chemicals they used in childhoodB The reduction of a series of chemicals in childhood CChildhood consumption of chemical products.DChildhood contact with chemical products(22)The Harvard School of Public Health experts found that there was_relation between concentrations of chemical deposits in blood and immunityAno direct Ban unilateralCa direct Dan unpredictable(23)The word “vulnerable” (Para3) is closest in meaning to“_”Adifficult to be affected Bimpossible to be affected Cpossible to be affected Deasy to be affected(24)The increasing risk of low immunity which children face is caused by_Atheir exposure to chemicals Btheir refusal of getting shots of vaccines Cthe doctorsirresponsibility Dthe poor quality of vaccinesPassage Two In our society，we must communicate with other peopleA great deal of communication is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speechIf we travel in buses or stand in football match queues，we are likely to have conversations in which we give information or opinions，and sometimes have our views challenged by other members of society Face-to-face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary societyTwo things above others have caused the enormous growth of the communication industryFirstly，inventiveness has led to advances in printing，photography，and so onSecondly，speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged minorityForty years ago people used to flock to the cinema，but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being channeled into millions of homes Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of informationThe modern communications industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainmentThe printing，broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with their informing，educating and entertaining functionsAlthough a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is a part，the vast modern network of communications is open to abuseHowever，the mass media are with us for better，for worse, and there is no turning back(25)The author probably means that speech on a person-to-person basis is the_means of communicationAprimary BsecondaryCauxiliary Doptional(26)According to Paragraph 2，with the rapid communication speed，_.Alocal and national news reach people at the same timeBnational news reaches people even faster than local newsClocal news reaches people faster than national newsDtwo factors make the face-to-face contact the only form of(27)The word “confined” (Para3) most probably means“_” Alimited BconfirmedCrelated Dconcealed(28)According to Paragraph 4，which of the following is NOT what modern communication does? AInfluencing peoples mode of life BTransmitting information CBroadening peoples horizons DKeeping people interested in industries(29)The last paragraph implies that the mass media as the vast modern network of communications is likely to face or have more_ Acriticisms Bpraises Ccondemnations DopportunitiesPassage ThreeRecruiting the right candidate to fill a vacancy can be a difficult and costly taskAppointing the wrong person could be an expensive mistake which could cause personnel problems for the whole departmentAnd，as every HR manager knows，it is much more difficult to get rid of someone than it is to employ themThe HR managers first decision is whether to recruit internal applicants or advertise the vacancy outside the companyInternal applicants are easy to recruit by memo，e-mail or newsletterFurthermore，they are easy to assess and know the company wellHowever，they rarely bring fresh ideas to a positionMoreover，a rejected internal candidate might become unhappy and leave the company Recruiting outside the company means either advertising the vacancy directly or using an employment agencyIf the company decides to advertise the vacancy directly，it has to decide where to place the advertisementTraditionally this has meant newspapers and professional journals but now the Internet is also very popularThe decision normally depends on the vacancyCompanies advertise blue-collar or clerical jobs in local newspapers and senior management positions in national papers or professional journals，while the Internet is one of best ways of advertising IT vacancies or recruiting abroadHowever，with the Internet there is a risk of receiving unsuitable applications, from all over the worldAn agency can be either a commercial business or a government employment centerA company often uses a government agency to reruit blue-collar workers but normally prefers a commercial agency for its white-collar staffHowever，a commercial agency could be very expensive and the applicants are less likely to stay with the company for a long time(30)The central idea of the first paragraph is that_Afinding the right job applicant to fill a vacancy is never easyBremoving an undesirable employer is more difficult than hiring himCpersonal problems can come up if the manager employs a wrong candidateDevery HR manager knows the troubles and expenses of recruitment(31)The advantage of internal recruitment is that Ait is easy for the company to evaluate the internal applicantsBthe candidates know the company well enough to start work right awayCit is expensive to recruit by means of memo，e-mail or newsletterDit is the HR managers first decision to make once he wants to recruit(32)What problem is the internal recruitment likely to cause? AThe boss new thoughts can not be brought to the job recruited BThe unsuccessful applicant will feel sad and leave the company CThe rejected applicant will become unhappy and refuse to work hard any further DIt might lead to unexpected occurrences and no arrival of the desired(33)The traditional external recruitment advertisement is through Alocal employment agencies Bthe Internet，blog or Facebook Cnewspapers and professional journals Ddirect recruitment means(34)The problem with the Internet as an external recruitment method is the risk of receiving Aa large number of false documents Ba large number of undesired applications Ca wide variety of candidates throughout the worldDa great variety of world-wide junk e-mailsPassage Four This month is expected to see that seminal(有创意的) moment when digital cinema will outstrip the 35 mm technology that has been the dominant projection format in movie theatres for over 120 yearsIn 2009，digital accounted for only 15of global screensBut the movie Avatar changed all that.3D movies required digital，and Avatars phenomenal success with 3D pushed cinemas to adopt digital screensIMS Screen Digest cinema Intelligence Service estimates that by the end of 2012，digital will account for 63of screens，and by 2015，83A majority of those screens will be based on Texas Instruments digital light processing(DLP) technology，a technology that uses millions of tiny mirrors on a tiny chip, each of them capable of moving thousands of times per second to create a digital imageThat same technology today is also beginning to be used in cellphones and digital camera to project images in those devices onto ordinary surfacesThat will be a bigger opportunity，says Kent Novak，Texas Intruments senior VP for DLP products, who was in Bangalore recently.Cinemas are moving rapidly to digital screensWhy?The first digital movie was premiered(首演)in 1999Initially it was thought moving to digital would give better picture quality and cost savings，but it took many years for a few systems to get deployedAnd then Avatar happenedThat was really the tipping pointIn 2008，15 3D movies were released；in 2009，it was close to 50Theatres were able to get more people and get a higher price for the ticket，so it became a significant revenue generatorWe have seen more conversion of film to digital in the last two years than in the previous ten You are now bringing the technology to smaller devicesWe are moving to put these chips into cellphones，digital still cameras，camcorders，laptop accessories, tablets, docking stations, media players. Weve been hearing of pico(handheld)projectors for some time nowBut we dont really see products in the marketThe technology has only recently reached a tipping point in terms of lighting efficiency and total brightnessThree years ago，1 watt of power could get the brightness measurement of about 5 1umensToday that 1 watt can give 20 lumens(making the projected image brighter)We designed the chip to be more efficientAlso，the industry driver for efficiency is LEDThe amount of investment going into LED is enormousAs technology has improved，volumes have gone up，and cost has come downMicromax and Spice in India have put projection even in some of their feature phones；Samsung has put proj ection on some of their phonesNikon has DLP embedded in some of their digital still cameras，Sony has them in camcordersWhat are the use cases that you see?You can use your phone to show video clips，pictures，power point presentations，and make it a shared experienceIndia has been more progressive in adopting the technology because feature phones are a phone during the day and become the primary entertainment source in the eveningsIndia also has mobile TV phones with preloaded Bollywood movies that can be projected out of the phone(35)The word“outstrip”in the first paragraph most possibly mean“_” Atake off Boutlive Csurround Dsurpass(36)The success of the 3D movie Avatar brought a(n)_increase in the digital global screensA1imited BsubtleCambiguous Ddramatic(37)What makes the digital screens possible，according to the passage?ADigital light processing technologyBUse of millions of tiny mirrors on the chipCThe chip capable of moving thousands of times per secondDThe American movie entitled Avatar made in Hollywood(38)Why are cinemas moving rapidly into digital screens according to the author?ABecause digital screens can bring owners of cinemas much more profitsBBecause owners of cinemas are in favor of new high technology devices CBecause digital screens can give film viewers a better picture qualityDBecause more and more 3D films like Avatar are released in recent years(39)The word“revenue”(Para5)is closest in meaning to“_” Aadventure Bincome Cventilation Dmotion(40)The author mentions Micromax，Spice，Samsung，Nikon and Sony to prove that_ ADLP technology has made a rapid progress in increasing brightness of images BLED is getting more efficient and more widely used in electronic devices Cthese companies are making more and more profits by adopting LED Dthese companies are taking different attitudes towards LED applications(41)By “make it a shared experience” in the last paragraph the author means that_ Afeature phones are enriching peoples interactions in their life Ba cellphone user can share his phone with other people around CIndia has been more progressive in adoption of DLP technology DSpice company can preload movies into the phoneSection BDirections：In this section，you are required to read four pieces of news and decide which of the four titles marked A，B，C and D is best suited to each of themChoose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer SheetANokia posts $1.38bn loss in fourth qtrBGold surges to 7-week high of $1720CR-Power ropes in German utility for miningD“We are creating，not stealing jobs in US，Europe”(42)_LONDON：Gold prices soared Thursday to the highest level in almost seven weeks as the dollar weakened after the US Federal Reserve vowed to keep interest rates near zero for more than two yearsThe precious metal rose up to$1，72035 an ounce on the London Bullion Market the highest level since December 9 but still far below the record peak of $1，92115 struck on September 6“With the US Federal pledging to keep interest rates in check until late 2014，gold soared，”said Rose Norman，boss of British-based bullion broker Sharp Pixley “Although there was heavy speculative buying, anxious investors joined the fray who are concerned by currency depreciation as global central banks use easy monetary policies to flood markets with cash.”(43)_Davos：With HCL Tech announcing 10，000 jobs for locals in the US and Europe，India Inc on Thursday chose the WEF meet to send a strong mes