高考英语一轮复习学案专题21短文改错.doc

2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题21：短文改错
【备考策略】
如何做短文改错：
     第一步： 审题。通读全文， 了解大意。全面把握文章整体(时态、 题材及内容)。
     第二步： 重读全文， 应先确定一些明显的错误， 以便疏通短文， 化繁为简， 为后面解题打开思路。许多问题可在这一阶段得到解决。从词法、 句法到行文逻辑三方面着手， 逐句而不是逐行地分析、 找错。
　　第三步： 综观全篇， 看错误类型的比例是否得当、 前后逻辑是否一致、 有无前后矛盾等现象。
第四步： 认真检查， 避免出现以下错误： 符号不规范； 一个词改为几个或几个改为一个； 该大写的未大写； 合成词只改了其中一部分等。
综合近年的高考题我们可以看出主要在以下语法项目上设题：
1.名词和限制词的搭配
主要涉及可数与不可数名词与冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配，以及名词的单复数的误用。
2.动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词
常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象，以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式、非谓语动词之间的误用。
3.代词的误用
主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性等。
4.数词的误用
主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。
5.形容词与副词
主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用，以及形容词和副词的误用等。
6.考查英语中的并列现象
常见的短语结构包括非谓语，并列句等
7.考查上下文的逻辑关系
主要查看文章自身前后叙述是否矛盾等
8.一些相似结构的误用
9.惯用法的搭配
考点解析
考点一、名词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。
二、真题单句归纳
1. Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favourite actor.
2. He was right there in the front of me!
3. My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day.
4. In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports was steady,around three per weeks.
5. Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work.
6. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.
7. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
8. I was playing at my cousin house.
9. Although her English is a little hard to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family.
三、改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系。
考点二、时态
一、考点规律分析
动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别,其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时；或者反过来,在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看,主要涉及be 和 have两个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时态,如一般将来时,现在完成时等,但很少见。
二、真题单句归纳
1. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldn't be seen anywhere.
2. When I finally arrived at my friend's he lent me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
3. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and never mentioned it again.
4. We became friends shortly after we meet each other.
三、改正方法:现在时与过去时的误用,句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文,着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去,突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。
考点三、动词
一、动词考点规律分析
动词考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点,它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词 be 的误加与漏用等。
二、真题单句归纳
1. I couldn't believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!
2. However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.
3. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or faced my cousin again;
考点四、主谓一致
一、考点规律分析
从广义来说,英语中的一致问题涉及多个方面,如主谓一致、人称的一致、并列结构的前后一致等。由于人称的一致已归入“代词”考点、并列结构的前后一致已分别归入非谓语动词、时态等,所以这里只归纳主谓一致问题。
二、真题单句归纳
1. In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports were steady,around three per week.
2. Luckily I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.
3. Katia,like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively.
三、改正方法:分清主语
考点五、多词
一、考点规律分析
多词错误主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be、比较级more等。具体说来,多词错误可能涉及的问题有：及物动词后接宾语时误加介词,在该用动词原形的地方误加不定式符号to,在物质名词、抽象名词、复数名词等表示泛指时误加定冠词,在一些可直接用作状语的短语前误加介词in, on, for 等,误加一些导致语义重复的小词（如two 与both连用,all 与whole 连用等）,在本身已是比较级的词前误加more,在不是从句的地方误加从句“引导词”,在一些习惯用语和固定表达中误加不该用的“小词”（如冠词、介词、副词等）,等等。
二、真题单句归纳
1. My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of days.
2. He wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could be explained for quite naturally by aircraft movements.
3. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn't start coming on time,so he went to the doctor for a help.
4. When I finally arrived at my friend's he lent to me lots of clothes.
5. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or face my cousin again;
6. Now, we are planning a small party for the next Sunday.
（10） Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true.
考点六、缺词
一、考点规律分析
与多词错误的情形相似,缺词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be等。具体说来,漏词错误可能涉及的问题有：不及物动词后接宾语时漏加必要的介词,在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加 to,在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词（尤其是漏加不定冠词）,漏掉表特指的定冠词,漏掉被动语态中的助动词 be,漏加系表结构中的连系动词 be,漏加一些常用结构或表达中的介词（如漏掉 a lot of 中的 of,漏掉 because of 中的 of,漏掉 instead of 中的 of等）,漏掉某些从句的“引导词”（通常会导致意义不通）,等等。
二、真题单句归纳
1. I didn't have my camera with me at that time, so I rushed back home to get .
2. The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to make his findings known.
3. He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.
4. I was going to visit a friend there and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.
5. I put into my pocket when he wasn't looking.
6. This is the first time that I′ve been away my family for such a long time.

考点七、介词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。
二、真题单句归纳
1. I was really disappointed and about to leave when he walked out a building.
2. Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals.（201·全国II）
3. When, however, on Monday, January 16, a science fiction film about visitors to outer space was shown on television,there was an immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States.
4. Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work.
5. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had were those I had on.
6. There was one on particular I'd always wanted.
考点八、从句及并列连词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对从句引导词的考查主要涉及根据句意正确选用引导词、引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。
二、真题单句归纳
1. I didn't have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get it.
2. It's been a week after we left your family and we are now back home.
3. Following this explanation,there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings,because the rate remained above the previous level.
4. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn't start coming on time,but he went to the doctor for help.
5. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag form the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it.
6. We're both surprised that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different.
7. There ,Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times. I just can't wait.
三、改正方法：
）根据句意确定错误；主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。
）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。
考点九、非谓语动词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无,介词后该使用动词的什么形式（用动名词）,并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致,动词用作主语时用何种形式（可用动名词或不定式,但不能用动词原形）等。
二、真题单句归纳
1. Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actors.
2. My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of days.
3. The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who was directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to making his findings known.
4. Follow this explanation,there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings,but the rate remained above the previous level.
5. The man did as told and slept really well,wake up before the alam had even gone off.
6. He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.
7. "Boss," he said ,"that medicine really works!" I'm pleasing to hear it ,”said his boss,”but where were you yesterday?”
8. My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou.
9. With the help of Katia, a roommate of mine, I′ve soon got used to live without my parents around.
三、改正方法：）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。

考点十、冠词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别（包括 a 与 an 的区别）。其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词；另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。
二、真题单句归纳
1. If you'd like to make trip to our city some day, I will be more than happy to be your guide.
2. When, however, on Monday, January 16, a science fiction film about visitors from outer space was shown on television,there was the immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States.
三、模拟单句演练
（）Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.
（）It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.
（3）It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.
（4）My friend Mary comes from an European country.
（）Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.
（6）In the word, he is a good student and all of us like him.
（7）People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
（8）You don't know what wonderful time we've had.
考点十一、代词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性（包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性）、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用（尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构）、某些不定代词的用法（尤其是在意思上用错）、代词在某些习语中的用法等。
二、真题单句归纳
1. Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.
2. The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who was directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to make his findings known. They wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could be explained quite naturally by aircraft movements.
3. The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed.
4. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I′ve soon got used to living without my parents around.
考点十二、形容词和副词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用（尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more）、形容词与副词的混用（如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词）等,另外,用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词（如 in, down 等）的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。
二、真题单句归纳
1. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they had finished the scene and the actor couldn't be seen everywhere.
2. I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building.
3. If you'd like to make a trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.
4. He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first to reach the factory.
5. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buying a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for a long holiday.
6. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. Late on, my aunt drove me home.
7. When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.
8. She knew what had happened, but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.
9. Although her English is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own families
三、改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。

总结：动词形,名词数, 还要注意形和副； 非谓语,细辨别, 习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析, 逻辑错误须关注； 冠词连词常光顾。

五年高考
A组 2012年全国高考题组
1.【2012 浙江卷】
第一节短文改错（共10小题；毎小题1分，满分10分）
下面短文有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（︿）.并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉，
修改：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词.
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分
例如：
It was very nice to get your invitation to spend ︿ weekend with you. Luckily
the
I was completely free then, so I'll to say "yes". I'll arrive in Bristol at moid 8 : 00 p. m.
am
in Friday evening.
on

Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and 1 rented for a car. Unfortunate, 1 had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. I called my parents, so 1 did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how 1 was enjoying Brazil. As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do.

2.【2012 全国新课标】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除
或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From
the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I
was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and
broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began
to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my
father said, "That's it. No more toys to you." My punishment lasted a year.
Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.
My attitude changed from then on.

I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From
less
the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I
toys
was happy when the toys worked, but when things did ∧wrong, I got angry and
went/go
broke it. For a while ∧ parents bought me new toys. But before long they began
them my
to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my
what tore
father said, "That's it. No more toys to you." My punishment lasted a year.
for
Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.
could/might
My attitude changed from then on.

3.【2012 重庆改编】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除
或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Grandpa,
How are you those days? I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago. Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fall asleep. We often went to the fields to enjoy the pleasant view there. You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics. Gradually, I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study and the findings will be use as materials for our research. Since we’ll do the study in our hometown, I hope to see you by then.
Yours,
Daisy

第一节 短文改错
Dear Grandpa,

How are you those days? I have been missing you very
76. these
much after I went to college a year ago. Whenever I think of
77. since
the old days, I feel very happily. I still remember when I
78. happy
was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories
79. a
till I fall asleep. We often went to the fields to enjoy the pleasant
80. fell
view there. You told me the name of different plants and their
81. names
characteristies. Gradually, I became interesting in biology
82. interested
and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. Now
83. into
my friend