同等学力英语阅读高分秘籍讲义.doc

新东方在线 [ ] 2010年同等学力英语申硕网络课堂电子教材系列 阅读高分秘籍
同等学力英语申硕阅读高分秘籍

主讲：范猛

阅读理解解题步骤
四步走
1、 扫描题干，划出关键词
（1999年）Passage 6
With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent （威慑） to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.
The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.
In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others.
For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.
The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100,000 population. The sharp climb in the state's murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence（巧合）. It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed（否决）, innocent people will be murdered — some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.

26. The principal purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. speak for the majority B. initiate a veto
C. criticize the government D. argue for the value of the death penalty
27. The passage attempts to establish a relationship between ________.
A. the murder rate and the imposition of the death penalty
B. the effects of execution and the effects of isolation
C. the importance of equal rights and that of the death penalty
D. executions and murders
28. The author's response to those who urge the death penalty for all degrees of murder would most likely be ________.
A. negative B. friendly
C. supportive D. hostile
29. In the passage the author is primarily concerned with ________.
A. analyzing a problem objectively B. settling a dispute
C. supporting a position D. describing an event
30. It can be inferred that the author thinks that ________.
A. the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States today
B. the second type murderers (in Paragraph 4) should be sentenced to death
C. the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importance
D. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated
2.通读全文，抓住中心
通读时把握两个重点：
1.文章的首段
2.其余各段的首尾句和转折处

3.仔细审题，返回原文
（1996年）Passage 1
A proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first step is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as "What do I already know about this topic?" and "What do I want to know?" In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3 R's) is to read to find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section, you recite (the second of the 3 R's) the answers to the questions that you formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed steps 2, 3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 R's) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions formed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.

1. The passage implies that the SQ3R method ________.
A. needs to be proven B. leaves much to be desired
C. turns out to be practicable D. cannot be used by every reader
2. The SQ3R method consists of ________ steps.
A. three B. four
C. five D. seven
3. According to the passage, the first step helps the readers ________.
A. read first several paragraphs B. scan the whole chapter
C. study the graphs D. get the theme of the chapter
4. Which of the following is the fourth step?
A. To question yourself. B. To read for information.
C. To utter your answers. D. To draw a conclusion.
5. Which of the following statements is true?
A. In the last step, you should remember all the information.
B. When you finish the last step, you will get both the main idea and the details
C. The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author.
D. While you are holding a metal conversation you select the important information.
时间分配
总体时间是45分钟。建议做做到45－50分钟。平均每篇文章9－10分钟。
1分钟时间扫描题干
3－4分钟通读文章（时间不够时，可省掉）
5分钟做题，每题平均1分钟
做题的误区：
1、花费大量时间阅读文章，题目匆匆做过
2、做题时主要靠印象或直觉
3、不知如何做记号
两类信息要做记号：
1）显示文章结构的信息
2）具有感情色彩的显示作者态度的词
positive 正面的，积极的
too many ...but

(2003)年Passage 5
Nowadays, we hear a lot about the growing threat of globalization, accompanied by those warnings that the rich pattern of local life is being undermined, and many dialects and traditions are becoming extinct. But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalization is bringing Read on and you are bound to feel comforted, ready to face the global future, which is surely inevitable now.
Consider the Internet, that prime example of our shrinking world. Leaving aside the all-to-familiar worries about pornography and political extremism, even the most narrow-minded must admit that the net offers immeasurable benefits, not just in terms of education, the sector for which it was originally designed, but more importantly on a global level, the spread of news and comment. It will be increasingly difficult for politicians to maintain their regimes of misinformation, as the oppressed will not only find support and comfort, but also be able to organize themselves more effectively.
MTV is another global provider that is often criticized for imposing popular culture on the unsuspecting millions around the world. Yet the viewers' judgment on MTV is undoubtedly positive; it is regarded as indispensable by most of the global teenage generation who watch it, a vital part of growing up. And in the final analysis, what harm can a few songs and videos cause?
Is the world dominance of brands like Nike and Coca-Cola so had for us, when all is said and done? Sportswear and soft drinks are harmless products when compared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time — heroin and cocaine, for example. In any case, just because Nike shoes and Coke cans are for sale, it doesn't mean you have to buy them — even globalization cannot deprive the individual of his free will.
Critics of globalization can stop issuing their doom and gloom statements. Life goes on, and has more to offer for many citizens of the world than it did for their parents' generation.

21. Some people feel sad about globalization because they believe it will ________.
A. bring threat to the world peace
B. impact the diversified local life
C. disrupt their present easy life-style
D. increase the size of people speaking dialects
22. Internet was originally designed ________.
A. to promote education
B. to distribute news and comment
C. to relieve people of worries
D. to publicize political beliefs
23. What is the writer's attitude towards globalization?
A. Suspicious.
B. Positive.
C. Indifferent.
D. Contemptuous.
24. It is implied in the passage that Nike and Coca-Cola ________.
A. should not become dominant brands
B. have been ignored by many people
C. cannot be compared with drugs
D. shouldn't have caused so much concern
25. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?
A. Globalization Is Standardization
B. Globalization: Like It or Lump It
C. Globalization: Don't Worry, Be Happy
D. Globalization Brings Equality

细节题解题思路
（1996年）Passage 1
A proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first step is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as "What do I already know about this topic?" and "What do I want to know?" In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3 R's) is to read to find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section, you recite (the second of the 3 R's) the answers to the questions that you formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed steps 2, 3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 R's) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions formed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.

1. The passage implies that the SQ3R method ________.
A. needs to be proven B. leaves much to be desired
C. turns out to be practicable D. cannot be used by every reader
2. The SQ3R method consists of ________ steps.
A. three B. four
C. five D. seven
3. According to the passage, the first step helps the readers ________.
A. read first several paragraphs B. scan the whole chapter
C. study the graphs D. get the theme of the chapter
4. Which of the following is the fourth step?
A. To question yourself. B. To read for information.
C. To utter your answers. D. To draw a conclusion.
5. Which of the following statements is true?
A. In the last step, you should remember all the information.
B. When you finish the last step, you will get both the main idea and the details
C. The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author.
D. While you are holding a metal conversation you select the important information.
细节题小结
1）细节题的解题思路可以概括为：找、改、选；
2）找的时候，使用关键字法和界定法；
3）改的时候，注意使用同意替换原则；直接照搬原文的选项，通常有陷阱；特别应注意最近答案原则；不能加入主观的推断；
4）错误答案的设置特征：无中生有（未提及信息）、正反混淆、过分绝对、改变时态、定位错误。

例证题解题思路
（2003年）Passage 5
Nowadays, we hear a lot about the growing threat of globalization, accompanied by those warnings that the rich pattern of local life is being undermined, and many dialects and traditions are becoming extinct. But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalization is bringing Read on and you are bound to feel comforted, ready to face the global future, which is surely inevitable now.
Consider the Internet, that prime example of our shrinking world. Leaving aside the all-to-familiar worries about pornography and political extremism, even the most narrow-minded must admit that the net offers immeasurable benefits, not just in terms of education, the sector for which it was originally designed, but more importantly on a global level, the spread of news and comment. It will be increasingly difficult for politicians to maintain their regimes of misinformation, as the oppressed will not only find support and comfort, but also be able to organize themselves more effectively.
MTV is another global provider that is often criticized for imposing popular culture on the unsuspecting millions around the world. Yet the viewers' judgment on MTV is undoubtedly positive; it is regarded as indispensable by most of the global teenage generation who watch it, a vital part of growing up. And in the final analysis, what harm can a few songs and videos cause?
Is the world dominance of brands like Nike and Coca-Cola so had for us, when all is said and done? Sportswear and soft drinks are harmless products when compared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time Is the world dominance of brands like Nike and Coca-Cola so had for us, when all is said and done? Sportswear and soft drinks are harmless products when compared