高考英语二轮复习核心考点总动员专题47短文改错三含解析.doc

专题 47 短文改错（三）
关键词：语法,词法,句法,逻辑,语境
难度系数：✱✱✱✱
推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱
【基础回顾】
考点归纳：
高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。
基础必读：
语篇改错
语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。
【2015·新课标全国I】When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.
【2015·新课标全国I】We must found ways to protect your environment.
【解析】your—our句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。代词用法错误。这里应当是保护我们的环境。
【技能方法】
解题方法技巧
首先，通读全文，了解文章体裁、主旨大意，把握全篇的时态、人称和行文逻辑。不同体裁的语篇具有不同的篇章结构和交际功能，主要体现在语言风格和组句成篇的模式上。从语篇的模式上可以读懂作者的思维模式，从而获得对短文更好的理解和宏观的把握。在通读全文的过程中，先将容易的或明显的错误改好，从而为分行、分句的分析起到降低难度的作用。
其次，逐句审读、理解、分析，先易后难。有时孤立地读一个句子时很难发现它的错误，一旦将上下文联系起来，问题就会变得明了。从组成句子结构的各方面逐句审查动词的时态、语态、名词、代词、冠词、介词、形容词、副词、连词、主谓一致等方面是否有误。
句子结构
解题思路
名词、代词
检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误
并列主语，从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语及together with等引导的成分修饰主语
检查谓语动词是否与主语保持一致
固定短语、词组
检查副词、介词、冠词是否使用错误
平行结构
检查是否有词性和连接两个对等的词和对等的结构并列连词错误
有比较结构
检查是否有形容词、副词的级，程度副词，比较的对象以及冠词方面的错误
有转折、因果、对比等结构
检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误
多重结构句
检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分短缺错误
有特殊动词结构
检查是否有非谓语动词或虚拟语气方面的错误
非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语
检查是否非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致
最后，关键的一点就是要再次细读全文，按句法要求、词类规则，检查所改的答案能否使全文语气流畅，行文逻辑发展是否合乎情理，所做的标记是否符合命题要求。
【基础达标】
A little kid fell into a lake while she was playing with her little friends. They were too frightening to know what to do next. Unfortunately, a pretty lady and a man passed by and saw the drowning girl. The man immediate dived into the water and took the girl to the bank and at a same time, the lady called the ambulance on time. Before the ambulance came, the lady, who proved to be a nurse, performing first aid to the kid. A few of minutes later, the kid sent to the nearest hospital and finally saved. The story is a good example where first aid can make a lot of differences. From it, we know it is necessary to know basic first aid skills so that we can be better preparing for an emergency.
【解析】
试题分析：一个小孩不慎落水，幸好路人帮忙小孩获救。故事告诉我们掌握必要急救知识的重要性。
1.frightening →frightened.考查形容词。frightening 令人恐惧的，修饰物；frightened害怕的，受惊的，修饰人。此处修饰孩子们用frightened，故frightening →frightened.
2.Unfortunately →Fortunately.考查副词。一名小孩不慎落水，其他孩子不知怎么办。恰好两个成年人经过，应该是“幸运地”，故Unfortunately →Fortunately.
3.immediate →immediately.考查副词。此处修饰动词dived用副词，指马上下水救人，故immediate →immediately.
4.a →the.考查冠词。at the same time“同时”是固定短语，故a →the.
5. on →in.考查介词短语。on time按时，in time及时。此处指及时叫救护车，故on →in.
6.performing →performed.考查动词形式。句中主语是the lady，缺少谓语动词，performing不能做谓语，根据全文时态用动词过去式performed做谓语，故performing →performed.
7.去掉of.考查介词。此处表示“几分钟”用a few 直接修饰minutes，故去掉of.
【能力提升】
Life is always full of something that you can not expect. Bob is very sorry to have missed the first two lesson this morning. He got up early as usually in the morning, but when he was ready to leave he find his bicycle’s front tyre (轮胎) flat. He wanted to take taxi to school, and he didn’t have any money on him. He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle repairing. Unluckily, there were not any bicycle repair shops was open in the early morning. So he had to walk to school, carrying his bicycle all the way. That was the reason how he was late for school. He told Mr. White not to worry with his lessons, for he would make up for it and turn to his teachers for help if necessary.
【解析】
试题分析：生活充满了不可预测的事情。
1.missed the first two lesson 中lesson改为lessons 根据two可知用名词复数，故把missed the first two lesson 中lesson改为lessons。
2.he got up as usually 中usually改为usual 固定词组：as usual像平常一样，故把he got up as usually 中usually改为usual。
3.find改为found
4.take taxi 之间加a 固定搭配：take a taxi乘出租车，故在take taxi 之间加a。
5.and he didn’t have any money中 and改为but 句意：他想乘出租车去上学，但是他没有很多钱。故把and he didn’t have any money中 and改为but。
【终极闯关】
【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
【答案】
1. that →where 2. but去掉 3. had →have 4. honest→ honesty 5. or→ and
6. using →used 7. becoming前加of 8. the →a 9. our→ his 10. stead→steadily
【解析】
试题分析：
1. that →where 考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语，根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把that改为where。

2. 去掉but 考查连词。Though不和but连用，故去掉but。
【归纳总结】在英语中though、although、while或者as等引导的让步状语从句不和but连用；连词because不和so连用；此外，return不和back连用。
3. had →have 考查动词时态。 文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。
4. honest→ honesty 考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。 而形容词honest意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。
5. or→ and 考查连词。根据句意判断此处是表示并列关系，故把or改为and。
6. using →used 考查被动语态。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来去做”。
考点：考查短文改错

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