高考英语一轮复习学案专题16阅读理解之事实细节题.doc

2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题16：
阅读理解之事实细节题
【备考策略】
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题就是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫读法外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法及技巧。查阅是在读者对材料有所熟悉的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻求答案，它往往与略读综合使用。
【第一招】
直接细节理解题答案与原文挂钩，在文中可直接找到答案，但往往与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断，此类试题在高考中占大多数。其常见命题方式有：
1、特殊疑问句形式。以what, who, when, where, which, how much / many 等引出的问题；
2、是非题。通常以true / false, not true / false 提问以及以according to the text 开头；
3、填空题。通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节；
4、就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
【第二招】
略读材料，大概了解全文，掌握其中心或主旨。
【第三招】
按文章的体裁，如记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式和有关的信息词，如for example, first, second 等预测应该到何处寻求自己所需要的事实。段落的组织形式常见的有时间型段落、空间型段落、列举型段落、例证型段落、程序型段落和对比型段落等。如时间型段落和空间型段落要凭借表达时间和空间的信息词按时间和空间的组织形式进行查读，寻找有关细节。
【第四招】
将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z型扫读，直到找到含细节句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对、比较内容，直至找到答案。
【第五招】
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也能有助于提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有以下五个特点：①是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；②符合常识，但不是文内容；③与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；④在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；⑤部分正确，部分错误。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语甚至一个单词，因此需要我们阅读中格外仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。

考点解析
细节理解题就是我们常见的wh题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的；是对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或重要事实的辨认能力。从高考开始以来，细节理解题占阅读理解题总量的一半以上。
(1) Which of the following statements is (not) true (or correct)?
(2) Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
(3) All of the following are true except ______.
(4) The author (or the passage) states that ______.
(5) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)…？
【提问方式】
1. 隐含提问法
出题者使用同义词语、参照词、代词等，使考生对阅读内容和问题产生模糊感。例如：
The basketball team never lacked vociferous(大叫大嚷的) young supporters, but they rarely responded to this show of enthusiasm.
Question：Who seldom reacted to that enthusiastic show?
A. The young people.
B. The players.
C. Some people.
D. A lot of people.
因为the basketball team 和 players；seldom reacted 和rarely responded是两对同义关系的词语，而they又与basketball team有参照关系，所以答案应该是B。
2. 真伪证实法
出题者要求考生确立文章中的事实，不让其问题直接与文章中的事实对号入座，而是提出似是而非，或完全错误的事实让考生去判断。对于这类题目，考生不要根据自己读文章的最初印象马上加以判断，而必须找到与问题相应的文章部分，找出正确肯定的事实，才可以据此判定否定的或错误的答案。
3. 间接提问法(迂回提问法)
问题不直接提出，而是绕着弯子提出。比如，涉及时间、距离及数据等时，你必须经过复杂的测算才能确定答案，有时，选择答案给你的数据与文章中的数据不符，只是一个近似数值(其他选择答案完全不沾边，完全错误)，或者，提问者只给你一部分事实，让读者续出相应的事实使其更完整正确(这又叫做省略提问法)。
【答案及解析】 56. C　由第一段最后一句可知：妈妈和Patrick太太正忙于清扫，后来遇到她时，她惭愧地笑了，好像做错了事似的，由此可知，她当时本应该忙着干活。
58. D　第七段，“The strange thing was, we didn't mention that day afterward. I felt a little embarrassed. Surely none of the others had been as excited as I．” 作者认为，只有她一个人还记得当初放风筝的美好时刻，而其他人都忘记了。

59. B　原本这位母亲用各种借口来推脱孩子去外面玩的要求，但是当她的母亲回忆起那个放风筝的日子时，往日美好的场景开始充斥这位母亲的思绪，所以她欣然答应外出。
60. A　第七段作者觉得只有自己还封存着那个美好的回忆，自己是孤单的，但是这个从战场回来的男孩，却也是靠着那个美好的回忆在战俘营中生存了下来，所以作者不是一个人在珍惜那段记忆。

五年高考
A组 2012年全国高考题组
1.【2012浙江卷 B】
Below is a selection about Guinness（吉尼斯） World Records.
Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records
♦ Fastest 100 m running on all fours
The 2008 Guinness World Records Day was, according to CWR, their biggest day of record-breaking ever, I- h more than 290.000 people taking put in record attempts in 15 different countries. Kenichi Ito's record attempt was port of this special day. He is just another example of Japanese with "super powers". His "super power" is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo, Tokyo, in 2008.
♦ Most people inside a soap bubble
The Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana, Califomia celebrated this year the 15th anniversary of the Bubble (泡泡) Festival. A bubble's math principles and science were presented and demonstrated at the three-week-long exhibition. The intriguing Bubble Show was also part of the program. Fan Yang and Deni Yang impressed the audience with their awesome skills for bubble making. The Yang family cooperated with the Discovery Science Center to set a new Guinness World Record for mow people inside a scup bubble and they succeeded.
The family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it. The record was set or. April 4, 2011.
♦ Longest ears on a dog
A bloodhound from Illinois has the longest ears ever measured a dog. The right ear is 13.75 inches long and the left one 13.5 inches. The dog named Tigger earned this title in 2004 and is owned by Christina and Bryan Flessner.
Mr. Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title. Each of his ears measured approximately 11. 5 inches long. His grandfather used to hold this amazing world record, but when he died Mr.Jeffries look over.
♦ Most living generations
Did you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generation in one family? Seven is the answer.
The ultimate authority on record-breaking mentions on the website that the youngest great-great- great-great grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung "aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great grand-daughter aged 52, her great-great grand-daughter aged 33 and her great-great-great granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her great-great-great-great grandson on January 21, 1989".
♦ Most T shirts worn at once
Believe it or not, there is a record also for this category. Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22, 2010 for wearing 245 T-shirts at the same time. The nun from Croatia was officially recognized as the new record bolder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different T-shirts in 1ess than two hours. . The T-shirts weighted 68 KG and Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirt No. 120. He dethroned the Swedish Guinness record holder who wore 238 T-shirts.
♦ Heaviest pumpkin
Guinness World Records confirmed on October 9. 2010 that a gigantic pumpkin （南瓜） grown in Wisconcin was officially the world’s heaviest. It weighed 1,810 pounds 8 ounces and was unveiled by Chris Stevens at the Stillwater Harvest Festival in Minnesota. Stevens' pumpkin was 85 pounds Javier than the previous re I, another huge pumpkin grown in Ohio. The proud farmer said his secret is a precise of rain, cow mature, good soil, sea grass and fish emulsion. Some of the world's heaviest pumpkins, including the record bolder, were on public display at the Bronx Botanical Gardens in New Yost for a dozen days.
46. Why is Kenichi Ito described «s a man with a "super power"?
A. He set a good example to all Japanese.
B. He made record attempts in 15 different countries.
C. He set a new record for "Fastest 100 m running on all fours".
D. He participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities.
47. Jeffries is the name of .
A. the owner of the dog with the longest ears
B. the grandfather of the dog with the longest care
C. the present holder of the record for "Longest care on a dog"
I), the former holder of the record for " longest care on a dog'
48. How many T-shirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?
A. 68. B. 120. C. 238. D. 245.
49. According to the given information. which Guinness World Record was most recently set?
A. The record for "Most people inside a soup bubble".
B. The record for "Most living generations'".
C. The record for "Most T-shirts worn at once".
D. The record for " Heaviest pumpkin".
【考点】日常生活类—小品文
【文章大意】能够上吉尼斯纪录是多么了不起的事情！那我们就来了解一下吉尼斯世界纪录的前六名吧，看看究竟有什么奇迹发生呢？
46.【答案】C
【试题解析】细节理解题。根据第一部分的倒数第二句：His "super power" is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds.可知答案C符合文意。
47.【答案】D
【试题解析】细节理解题。根据第三部分的标题Longest ears on a dog和第二段的开头Mr. Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title. 可知答案D符合文意。
48.【答案】B
【试题解析】细节理解题。根据第五部分的倒数第二句The T-shirts weighted 68 KG and Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirt No. 120.可知答案B符合文意。
49.【答案】A
【试题解析】细节理解题。根据文章中讲述的6大吉尼斯世界纪录的时间提示，可以得知 答案A，The record was set or. April 4, 2011.是最新的时间，故符合文意。
【难度】一般
【长难句解析】The family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it. 这个从事肥皂泡事业有27年的家族创造了一个巨大的肥皂泡，可容纳118人在其中。that引导定语从句，在定语从句中主语，不可省略，修饰先行词the family。
2.【2012全国新课标A】
Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids (孩子) to? Try some of these
places:
l Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest. Many offer
workshops for making land-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings by children's
favorite writer, and even musical performances and other arts
l Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur(恐龙) models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.
l Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet(木偶)making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.
l Try hands-on science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了4则儿童旅游的广告。第一则：艺术博物馆；第二个自然历史博物馆；第三则木偶剧院；第四则自己动手科学博物馆。
57. What can kids do at a Youtheater?
A. Look at rock collections.
B. See dinosaur models.
C. Watch puppet making.
D. Give performances.
【答案】C
【解析】根据第三则广告中的“Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts.”可知C正确。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
58. What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph?
A. Science games designed by kids.
B. Learning science by doing things.
C. A show of kids' science work.
D. Reading science books.
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章中的最后一个广告中的“They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building.”可知在这种博物馆中，孩子们通过按按钮、做实验和建东西去体验。所以B正确。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
3.【2012四川卷 B】
Here is your best chance to travel around the UK in 2012: More than 200 B&Bs（bed & breakfast）across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are selected to offer you amazing services for your stay at their lowest prices! Don’t miss it. Just collect the vouchers（活动券）in our B&B Daily printed from 01/04/2012 to 07/04/2012 and book the stays for your travel following the terms and conditions below:
● The offer includes a room for the night and a breakfast the next morning.
● The offer is of two kinds: ￡20 per room, valid（有效的）during stay period of 02/04/2012—31/05/2012 and then again 01/09/2012—31/10/2012；￡35 per room, per night, valid during stay period of 01/06/2012—31/08/2012.
● The offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only.
● The stay must be booked directly with the chosen B&Bs before 28/04/2012.
● Each voucher can only be used by the holder to book one room for one night.
● If voucher holders book either the ￡20 or ￡35 per room per night, any additional services such as lunch, evening meal or activities may require an extra charge. But these are not required in order to take up the offer. Please check directly with your chosen B&Bs to see what extra services are available.
● Vouchers must be presented on arrival. If no vouchers are presented, the B&Bs may reserve（保留）the right to charge at full price for every night of stay.
● Vouchers may not be used together with any other offer.
● The voucher holders must pay for the stay in full at the time of booking. Additional ￡10 may be paid to confirm（确认）the booking and will be returned on arrival.
● The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders’ bookings for people under the age of 18.
45. The voucher can be used for a stay at the chosen B&B on ______.
A. 09/01/2012 B. 04/02/2012 C. 01/03/2012 D. 28/04/2012
46. How much should be paid for a two-night stay in October 2012 at a chosen B&B?
A. ￡70 B. ￡40 C. ￡35 D. ￡30
47. What right do the B&Bs reserve?
A. To charge extra ￡10 for bookings with no vouchers.
B. To refuse bookings for guest under the age of 18.
C. To charge at full price for stays not confirmed.
D. To request extra charges as tips.
48. By taking up the offer, the voucher holders can choose to ______ .
A. book either a basic twin or double room at the chosen B&Bs
B. have lunch or evening meal without paying extra money
C. use the B&B offer together with other offers
D. book the stays though B&B Daily
【本文要点】本文介绍了英国的B&Bs旅行食宿优惠活动。文章主要谈到了此次活动的具体操作注意事项。
45. D 细节理解题。根据文中所提到的时间：02/04/2012—31/05/2012；01/09/2012—31/10/2012；01/06/2012—31/08/2012可知，四到十月活动券有效。故答案为D。
46. B 细节理解题。根据文中“￡20 per room, valid（有效的）during stay period of 02/04/2012—31/05/2012 and then again 01/09/2012—31/10/2012”可知，在十月住两天晚上需￡40。
47.B 细节理解题。根据最后一条规定“The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders’ bookings for people under the age of 18”可知答案为B。
48. A 细节理解题。根据第三条规定“The offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only”可知答案为A。
4.【2012辽宁卷 A】
Mini Book Excerpts（节选）
Biography
When Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land,the middle-aged writer was shocked and quickly bought the netghboring area to protect it… The townspeople never forgot the rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor.
J. D. Sulinger：A Life by Kenneth Slawenski（Random House,$27）Mystery（疑案小说）
“You’re a smart boy. Benny’s death was no accident, and you’re the only who saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it ? ”The boy was starting stubbornly at his lap again.
A thought suddenly occerred to Annika,“Did you …You recognized the man in the car,didn’t you?”
The boy hesitated, twisting his fingers,“Maybe,”he said quitely.
Red Wolf by Liza Marklund（Atria Books, $25. 99）

Short Stories
She wants to say to him what she has learmed,none of it in class. Some women are borm stupid,and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are born to give ,and some women only know how to take. Some women learn who they want to be from their mothers,some who they don’t want to be. Some mothers suffer so their daughters won’t. Some mothers love so their daughters won’t.
You Are Free by Danzy Senna （Riverhead Books,$15）

Humor
Do your kids like to have fun? Come to Fun Times! Do you like to watch your kids having