同等学力英语冲刺练习及详解10.doc

2012年同等学力英语冲刺练习及详解（十）
阅读理解：
The most noticeable trend among today’s media companies is vertical integration—an attempt to control several related aspects of the media business at once，each part helping the other. Besides publishing magazines and books，Time Warner，for example，owns Home Box Office（HBO），Warner movie studios，various cable TV systems throughout the United States and CNN as well. The Japanese company Matsushita owns MCA Records and Universal Studios and manufactures broadcast production equipment.
To describe the financial status of today’s media is also to talk about acquisitions. The media are buying and selling each other in unprecedented numbers and forming media groups to position themselves in the marketplace to maintain and increase their profits. In 1986，the first time a broadcast network had been sold，two networks were sold that year—ABC and NBC.
Media acquisitions have skyrocketed since 1980 for two reasons. The first is that most big corporations today are publicly traded companies，which means that their stock is traded on one of the nation’s stock exchanges. This makes acquisitions relatively easy.
A media company that wants to buy a publicly owned company can buy that company’s stock when the stock becomes available. The open availability of stock in these companies means that anybody with enough money can invest in the American media industries，which is exactly how Rupert Murdoch joined the media business.
The second reason for the increase in media alliances is that beginning in 1980，the Federal Communications Commission（FCC）gradually deregulated the broadcast media. Before 1980，for example，the FCC allowed one company to own only five TV stations，five AM radio stations，and five FM radio stations；companies also were required to hold onto a station for three years before the station could be sold. The post-1980 FCC eliminated the three-year rule and raised the number of broadcast holdings allowed for one owner. This trend of media acquisitions is continuing throughout the 1990s，as changing technology expands the market for media products.
The issue of media ownership is important. If only a few corporations direct the media industries in this country，the outlets for differing political viewpoints and innovative ideas could be limited.
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56. What do Time Warner and Matsushita have in common？
A. They both belong to Rupert Murdoch.
B. They are both big American media corporations.
C. They are both outlets of differing viewpoints and innovative ideas.
D. They both own several different but related media businesses.
57. Which of the following is true of the media？
A. They used to sell and buy each other in great numbers.
B. They are trading each other in greater numbers today.
C. They used to be controlled by two networks—ABC and NBC.
D. They have stopped the trend of acquisitions in the 1990s.
58. According to the passage，what makes acquisitions easier？
A. The changing technology employed by the media.
B. The media’s increasing profits in the marketplace.
C. The ever tougher regulations of the FCC on the media since 1980.
D. The availability of the media’s stocks on stock exchanges.
59. What is the FCC’s new policy regarding media alliances？
A. It allows companies to sell their stocks publicly.
B. It doesn’t allow companies to sell their stocks publicly.
C. It permits one company to own more media businesses at the same time.
D. It has eliminated all post-1980 companies.
60. The issue of media ownership is important because .
A. it affects the amount of money the stockholders will make
B. it decides whether we can have different aspects of the media
C. it concerns the channels through which to express opinions
D. it means that more and more people will hold onto only a few stations
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答案解析：
当今媒体公司中最引人注目的趋势就是纵向结合，试图同时控制与媒体行业相关的多个部门，使各个部门互相帮助。例如，时代华纳，除了出版杂志和书，还拥有HBO、华纳电影工作室、各种有线电视网遍布美国以及CNN。日本公司Matsushita拥有MCA Records公司和Universal Studios公司，它还生产广播设备。
要描述当今的媒体的经济地位，也就是要谈论兼并。媒体以前所未有的数量相互买卖，并组成媒体集团，使自己在市场上占有一席之地，保持和增加利润。1986年，广播网络公司首先被卖出，同年，两家网络公司也被卖出——它们是ABC和NBC。
自1980年以来，媒体公司的兼并一直在迅速增加，有两个方面的原因。第一个原因是：现在大多数大公司都是公开交易的，这就意味着它们的股票可以在国家的某个股票交易所里进行交易。这使兼并变得相对比较容易。
一家传媒公司想购买一家公众拥有的公司时，只要当这家公司的股票可以购买时，媒体公司购买它的股票就可以了。公司股票的公开性意味着：任何人只要有足够的资金，都可以投资美国的媒体行业，鲁珀特·默多克就是这样加入媒体行业的。
媒体兼并活动增加的第二个原因是：从1980年开始，联邦通讯委员会（FCC）逐渐不再对广播媒体进行管制。比如，1980年前，FCC规定一家公司只能拥有五个电视台、五个调幅（AM）广播电台以及五个调频（FM）广播电台；还要求公司在出售某个电台之前必须经营三年。1980年后，FCC取消了三年制规定，增加了一家公司容许拥有的广播电台数量。整个20世纪90年代媒体兼并的趋势一直在继续，因为不断改进的技术扩大了传媒产品的市场。
媒体所有权的问题非常重要。只要这个国家的传媒业被少数大公司操纵，那么不同的政治观念和创新思想的表达就可能受到限制。
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56. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】时代华纳公司和日本Matsushita公司的共同点是什么？
A. 它们都属于RM拥有。
B. 它们都是美国大型传媒公司。
C. 它们双方都是不同政治观点和创意思想的窗口。
D. 它们双方拥有几个不同但是相关的媒介生意。
线索：文章的第1段提到“The most noticeable trend among today’s media companies is vertical integration—an attempt to control several related aspects of the media business at once，each part helping the other.”表明，这种纵向的兼并会涉及许多传媒领域，选项D是正确答案。选项C在文章的最后一段提到过，但是这两家公司是不是这样，文章是没有提到的。
【考点提示】现象解释型的文章，其首段提出一个比较令人耳目一新的现象，之后对该现象进行深刻的解析，可以用事例或引用某人的话，或分析产生的原因。总之，都是为了解释该现象，所以做题的时候，一定要首先抓住该现象。
57. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】关于传媒下面哪句话是正确的？
A. 它们过去相互大量地买卖。
B. 它们今天以更大的数量进行互相交易。
C. 它们过去被两个网络公司——ABC和NBC控制。
D. 它们已经停止了20世纪90年代兼并的趋势。
线索：文章的第2段提到“The media are buying and selling each other in unprecedented numbers ...”表明选项B是正确答案。选项A原文没有明确提到。C选项和原文不符合，文章提到了两家公司，但没有说传媒是由这两家公司所控制。D选项和原文的内容相反，原文表达的内容是组合在20世纪90年代的后期蓬勃发展。
【考点提示】选项之间往往是有一定的逻辑关系，比如该题的A和B选项之间就有时间的先后逻辑关系，同学们在解析的时候，可以把重点放到选项A和B上。A说的是它们过去如何，B说的是它们现在如何。
58. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据文章，哪方面使兼并更加容易？
A. 传媒使用的不断改变的技术。
B. 传媒不断在市场上获得的利润。
C. 从1980年起FCC对传媒的更加严格管理。
D. 传媒公司股票在股票交易市场的可操纵性。
线索：文章的第3段提到“The first is that most big corporations today are publicly traded companies，which means that their stock is traded on one of the nation’s stock exchanges. This makes acquisitions relatively easy.”
【考点提示】根据题目的题干回原文寻找线索，得出正确答案。
59. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】关于传媒的兼并，FCC的新政策是什么？
A. 它容许公司公开卖掉他们的股票。
B. 它不容许公司公开卖掉他们的股票。
C. 它容许一家公司同时拥有更多的媒介生意。
D. 它取消了20世纪80年代后的所有公司。
线索1：文章的第5段提到“that beginning in 1980，the Federal Communications Commission（FCC）gradually deregulated the broadcast media.”
线索2：文章的第5段提到“The post-1980 FCC eliminated the three-year rule and raised the number of broadcast holdings allowed for one owner.”结合线索的全部信息，我们可以看出C是正确答案。
【考点提示】返回原文，对照信息，得出正确答案。
60. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】因果关系
【解析过程】传媒所有权的问题非常重要，因为 。
A. 它影响着股票拥有者将会赚钱的数量
B. 它决定着是否我们会拥有媒体的不同方面
C. 它影响着表达观点的渠道
D. 它意味着越来越多的人将会听到仅仅几个电台
线索：文章的第6段提到“If only a few corporations direct the media industries in this country，the outlets for differing political viewpoints and innovative ideas could be limited.”表明正确答案是C选项。选项A、B和D原文没有提到。

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阅读理解：
In the 1997 general-election campaign，“Education，Education”was Tony Blair’s pet phrase. Times change quickly. Education is going rapidly out of fashion.“Learning”（to be exact，“lifelong learning”）is New Labour’s new buzzword（时髦语）. The shift from“education”to“learning”reflects more than a change of language. It stems from both educational research and left-wing ideas. During the 1980s，British educationalists got some new American ideas. One was the notion that traditional examinations do not test the full range of people’s abilities. Another was the belief that skills are not necessarily learned from teachers in a conventional classroom. People can pick them up in all sorts of ways.
All this echoed left-wing ideas that traditional teaching methods were not sufficiently adaptable to the needs of individual learners. Advocates of lifelong learning argue that it merely describes what has changed in education in the past decade. And there are now hundreds of schemes in which pupils learn outside the classroom.
Until now，education has been changing from below. In the next few weeks，the government will help from above. One of its main projects for lifelong learning is about to begin its first pilot programmers. With funding of $ 44 million in its first year，it will coordinate a new network of “learning centers”throughout the country. Traditional institutions，such as schools and colleges，will provide training at some non-traditional places of learning，such as supermarkets，pubs，and churches. The theory is that in such places students will feel more at ease，and therefore will be better motivated，than in a classroom.
The new schemes allow consumers of education to exercise complete choice over where，what and when they learn. In the rest of the state-run education sectors（部门），the gover-nment still seems to be committed to restricting choices as much as possible. If these programs succeed，they could improve the skills of Britain’s workforce.
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61. According to the writer，the shift from“education”to“learning” .
A. is but a change of language
B. reflects the traditional ideas in education
C. reflects the government’s wish to restrict choices
D. is not just a change of language
62. All the following statements are true EXCEPT that .
A. pupils can learn skills outside the classroom
B. students will be better motivated in a classroom
C. the new schemes are intended to improve the skills of Britain’s workforce
D. traditional teaching methods cannot satisfy the needs of individual learners
63. It can be inferred from the passage that the new projects .
A. are started from below
B. have begun in the past decade
C. will allow students to have complete control over their learning
D. will be carried out in the traditional institutions
64. In the second paragraph，the writer suggests that .
A. traditional exams can test the full range of people’s abilities
B. there are other ways for pupils to learn skills
C. pupils can learn little from teachers in a conventional classroom
D. the notion of lifelong learning is only the result of educational research
65. According to this passage，the New Labour’s government .
A. will set up many“learning centers”in Britain
B. has not changed its educational policy
C. will continue to restrict choices in all the state-run education sectors
D. is reluctant to make large investments in education
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答案解析：
在1997年的大选活动中，“教育，教育”是托尼·布莱尔喜欢的口号。时代变化很快。教育正在迅速落伍。“学习”（确切一点说，是“终生学习”）是新工党的时髦语。从“教育”向“学习”的转变反映出的不仅仅是语言上的变化。这源于教育研究和左翼思想。20世纪80年代，英国的教育家获得了一些新的美国思想。其中有一个观点是：传统的考试不能检验一个人的全部能力。另一个观点是：技能不一定是在传统的教室中从老师那里学到的。人们可以通过各种方式获得知识。
所有这些都与左翼思想产生了共鸣，他们认为：传统的教学方法不能充分适合个体学习者的要求。提倡终生学习的人争论说，这只不过描述了过去十年中教育发生的改变。现在，在课堂外有成千上万的计划可供学生学习。
到现在，教育一直都在自下而上发生着改变。在未来的几个星期，政府将帮助自上而下地进行改革。一个主要针对终身学习者的项目即将启动它的第一个示范程序员项目。第一年的资金是4400万美元，所以它将在全国范围调整“学习中心”的新网络。传统机构比如中学和大学，将在一些非传统学习地点提供训练，比如在超市、旅馆和教堂。其理论是：在这样的地方学生会感到更自在，因此，将比在教室里更有学习动机。
新项目允许受教育者在学习的地点、内容、时间方面拥有完全的选择权。其余的州立教育机构部门，政府似乎仍然尽可能多地限制选择权。如果这些项目成功的话，它们将改善英国劳动力的劳动技能。
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61. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据文章作者的表达，教育到学习的改变是 。
A. 仅仅是语言的改变 B. 反映了传统教育观念
C. 反映了政府限制选择的愿望 D. 并不仅仅是一个语言的改变
线索：文章的第1段提到“The shift from ‘education’to‘learning’reflects more than a change of language.”表明选项D是正确答案。
【考点提示】选项A不太可能是正确的答案，因为有绝对化的单词。but在be动词之后表示“仅仅”的含义。
62. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】下面所有的内容都正确，除了 。
A. 即使在教室外小学生们也可以学习技能
B. 更应该鼓励学生们在教室内学习
C. 新计划是用来提高英国劳动力的技能
D. 传统的教学方法无法满足单个学生的要求
线索1：文章的第2段提到“And there are now hundreds of schemes in which pupils learn outside the classroom.”表明选项A为正确答案。
线索2：文章的第4段提到“If these programs succeed，they could improve the skills of Britain’s workforce.”表明选项C为正确答案。
线索3：文章的第2段提到“All this echoed left-wing ideas that traditional teaching methods were not sufficiently adaptable to the needs of individual learners.”D正确。
根据文章第2段和第4段内容，我们很容易看到选项B在原文中没有提到。
【考点提示】三对一错题是一种比较难的题目，该题的解析方法的关键在定位，解决的最好办法就是在同学们阅读文章的时候，在某地方就必须做标记，比如每段的首句和末句、转折的句子、总结句、因果关系句等，这样回头找的时候就比较简单了。
63. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节推断
【解析过程】从这篇文章中，我们可以推论出新的项目 。
A. 从下面开始 B. 在十年前就已经开始
C. 将使学生们对他们的学习完全控制 D. 将会在传统的教育机构实施
线索：文章的第5段提到“The new schemes allow consumers of education to exercise complete choice over where，what and when they learn.”表明选项C是正确答案。A选项和原文第3段的首句不符合。
【考点提示】每段的首句和末句一般都是同学们必须要关注的内容。
64. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】段落中心推断
【解析过程】在文章的第2段，作者建议 。
A. 传统的考试能够测验学生的全部能力
B. 还有别的方法可以适应小学生学习技能
C. 在传统的教室小学生们从老师那里学到的很少
D. 终生学习的观念仅仅是教育研究的结果
线索：文章的第2段提到“And there are now hundreds of schemes in which pupils learn outside the classroom.”表明选项B是正确答案。其他选项是干扰选项。
65. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据这篇文章，新工党政府将 。
A. 会建立更多学习中心在英国 B. 不会改变它的教育政策
C. 将会继续限制所有州立教育机构的选择 D. 不太情愿在教育上大的投资
线索：文章的第4段提到“With funding of $ 44 million in its first year，it will coordinate a new network of ‘learning centers’throughout the country...”表明选项A是正确答案。B选项和原文的内容截然相反。C选项和原文第4段的内容“In the rest of the state-run education sectors（部门），”相反。D选项和原文的第3段“With funding of $ 44 million in its first year，”也不符合。
【考点提示】本文有一个特点，就是它的考试题目和原文的段落位置顺序并不是非常一致，这时同学们要注意出题的顺序，但绝不能顽固地坚持这一点，对于有些文章来讲，要适当地做一些调整。