同等学力英语冲刺练习及详解6.doc

2012年同等学力英语冲刺练习及详解（六）
阅读理解
The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s，I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that were occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities.
Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people’s lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to a global village，or what one writer calls the electronic city. Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact. For example，the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on“live action”such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events，they developed some perception of these realities.
In 1992，many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles，seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This event was triggered by the verdict（裁定）in the Rodney King beating. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments，and most people，who had seen the video of this beating，could not understand how the jury（陪审团）was able to acquit（宣布无罪）the policemen involved. Media coverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful results，as it seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading，“Can we all get along？”By Saturday，television seemed to provide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace. The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools. Because of that，many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding（展开）on television. The real healing，of course，will take much longer，but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process.
46. The best title for the passage is .
A. The 1989 San Francisco Earthquake and the 1992 Los Angeles Riots
B. How Media Cover Events
C. The 1992 Los Angeles Riots
D. The Impact of Media on Current Events
47. All the following statements are true EXCEPT that .
A. all the events occurring on the university campus at Berkeley were given national media coverage
B. video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake gave the viewers the impression of total disaster
C. electronic media can extend one’s contact with the world
D. those living far away from a certain event can also have some perception of realities by watching television
48. The term“electronic city”in Paragraph 2 refers to .
A. Berkeley B. Earth
C. Los Angeles D. San Francisco
49. The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because .
A. video coverage from helicopters had made people angry
B. video coverage had provided powerful feedback
C. the jury acquitted the policemen who had beaten Rodney King
D. people can make their own judgements
50. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole week
B. Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday
C. media coverage of events as they occur can have either good or bad results
D. most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beating agree with the verdict of the jury

答案解析：
媒体可以给时事带来很大影响。作为20世纪60年代伯克利大学的一名研究生，我还记得自己亲身经历了在校园中的一件与人民公园有关的事件。报纸和电视台对其中的一些事件进行了全国性的报道。我发现：把我对所发生事件的了解与从新闻媒体那了解到的信息进行比较是一件有趣的事情。我开始关注那时的新闻媒体所报道的事件。这也为我深入了解这些事实之间的区别提供了机会。
电子媒体每天对人们的日常生活的影响更大。人们从这些报道中获得的信息越来越多。电视和电话通信将人们联系在一起，成为一个地球村，或者如某个作家所称的“电子城”。想想每天电视带给你家的信息，再想想你与他人仅仅使用一个电话就可以联系。这些媒体扩展了你的意识以及你与外界的联系。比如，电视对1989年旧金山大地震报道的主要是大火或救援努力等的“实况”。这使观众对整个灾难有了一个了解。电视对伊拉克战争也进行了及时报道。CNN在战争发生时就进行了现场报道。这些报道被发往世界各地。尽管大多数人远离事件本身，但他们还是对事件的真实情况有所了解。
1992年，在一个令人悲痛的星期三晚上，许多人惊恐地目睹了发生在洛杉矶的暴动，似乎是从直升机上拍摄的。这一事件是由于罗德尼·金殴打案的裁决而引起的。我们生活在这样一个时代，公众获取信息，能够做出自己的判断，大多数看过殴打录像的人不明白为什么陪审团会对涉案的警察宣判无罪。媒体在事件发生时进行了报道，并提供了影响事件的有力反馈。这可能产生不利的结果，就像那个星期三晚上发生在洛杉矶的事件所显现的那样。到星期五晚上时，公众开始在电视上看到罗德尼·金的呼吁，“我们大家能够和平相处吗？”到星期六时，电视似乎提供的是积极的反馈，因为洛杉矶骚乱转变成了呼吁和平的集会。电视报道，成千上万的人拿着旗帜和清洁工具在游行。由于这个原因，更多的人加入到他们在电视中看到的和平行动中。当然，秩序真正恢复正常所需的时间更长，但电子媒体将继续在这一过程中发挥它的作用。
46. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】主旨推断
【解析过程】这篇文章的最佳标题是 。
A. 1989年旧金山地震和1992年洛杉矶骚乱
B. 媒体是如何报道事件的
C. 1992年洛杉矶骚乱
D. 媒体对时事的影响
线索：文章的第1段提到“The media can impact current events.”开门见山地提出文章的主题，是外国人写文章常用的一种手法。A选项在文章大篇幅地提到了，但它们不是文章的主旨，只是用来说明主旨的几个事例。B选项本文没有主要说明。
47. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】下面哪句话是不正确的表达？
A. 在伯克利大学发生的所有事情进行了全国性报道。
B. 1989年旧金山的地震视频报道给予观众整个灾难的印象。
C. 电子媒体能够扩大人们和世界的联系。
D. 那些住在比较偏远地方的人们同样可以通过看电视了解事实。
线索1：文章的第1段提到“Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV.”选项A显然和原文不符合。
线索2：文章的第2段提到“This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster.”表明B选项正确。
线索3：文章的第2段提到“These media extend your consciousness and your contact.”表明C选项正确。
线索4：文章的第1段提到“Although most people were far away from these events，they developed some perception of these realities.”表明D选项正确。
线索2、线索3、线索4在原文中都明确地提到，所以A是正确答案。
48. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】词汇推断
【解析过程】短语“电子城市”在文章第2段指的是 。
A. 伯克利
B. 地球
C. 洛杉矶
D. 旧金山
线索：文章的第2段提到“Television and telephone communications are linking people to a global village，or what one writer calls the electronic city.”前句话说的地球，后句话说的是电子城市，两句话的连接词是并列连词，这样“电子城市”的含义最恰当的表达应该是B选项。
49. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】因果判断
【解析过程】1992年洛杉矶骚乱爆发的原因是 。
A. 来自直升机的视频报道使人们愤怒
B. 视频报道提供了强有力的反馈
C. 陪审团宣布罗德尼·金殴打案的警察无罪
D. 人们能够做出自己的判断
线索：文章的第3段提到“...could not understand how the jury（陪审团）was able to acquit（宣布无罪）the policemen involved...”表明选项C是正确答案。A、B和D选项在原文的第3段都提到了，但和本题干没有任何的因果关系，所以是错误的选项。
【考点提示】因果关系题在同等学力的考试中经常会出现，同学们容易做错。常见的错误主要有非因非果、因果倒置。大家在做选择的时候，主要是抓住表示因果关系的线索词。选择完后，读一读看是否通顺，逻辑是否严谨。
50. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】主旨推断
【解析过程】从文章中我们可以推论出 。
A. 1992年的洛杉矶骚乱持续了整整一周
B. 罗德尼·金在电视上露面时显得非常生气
C. 媒体对于事件的报道正如发生的那样会造成好的或不好的结果
D. 绝大多数看到罗德尼·金被打的人们会赞成陪审团的裁决
文章整体在说媒体带来的影响。提到了它好的一面，也提到了它不好的一面，所以选项C是正确答案。
线索1：文章的第3段提到周三、周五和周六这几个日子，但不能依此就判断洛杉矶骚乱持续了一整周的时间。A选项不正确。
线索2：文章的第3段提到“Rodney King on television pleading，“Can we all get along？”没有表示出他很是生气的情景。B选项不正确。
线索3：文章的第3段提到“...could not understand how the jury（陪审团）was able to acquit（宣布无罪）the policemen involved...”表明选项和原文的内容截然相反。D选项不正确。

阅读理解：
At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997，it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasing bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able，through international agreements，to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and，more important，because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.
Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem，we also know that the effects of measures，especially harsh measures taken in some countries，would be nullified（抵消）if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO，in the atmosphere，this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous（人口众多的）low-or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition，the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.
We must，however，find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations，in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer，few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases，especially where there had been none.
51. The main purpose of this passage is to .
A. analyze the problem of global warming
B. argue against making deep cuts in emissions
C. convince people that global warming is a real threat
D. criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer
52. The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that .
A. not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions
B. many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer
C. the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problem
D. world technology is not able to solve the problem
53. In the passage the author implies that .
A. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warming
B. the problem of global warming has largely been solved
C. it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emission harmful to the ozone layer
D. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment
54. According to the author，it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because .
A. some people are irresponsible
B. it would cause a collapse of the world economy
C. it is only a goal to be reached in the future
D. some people are lacking in imagination
55. What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming？
A. They should hold another world conference on climate change.
B. They should provide advanced technology.
C. They should replace all the harmful substances.
D. They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.

答案解析：
1997年12月在东京召开了关于全球变暖的会议，很明显：制定与环境有关的国际协议已经变得相当复杂，是因为各个国家独特的经济因素。试图禁止某些活动或削减某些物质排放的做法已经远远不够了。环境与发展相互联合的全球性挑战逐渐把我们带到国家经济生活的核心上来。20世纪80年代末，我们可以通过国际协议大幅度削减有害物质向臭氧层的排放。我们之所以能够削减，是因为许多可以替代有害化学物的东西已经被发现，更重要的是，有害物质可以被代替而且不会给各国的就业和经济带来负作用。
尽管人们知道全球变暖的威胁已有几十年，而且所有的国家和领导人都赞同我们需要处理这个问题，但是，我们也知道，如果其他国家不控制他们的有害物质排放，采取的措施，尤其是一些国家采取的紧急措施将会被抵消。虽然联合国气候变化小组发现：为了稳定大气一氧化碳的含量，全球二氧化碳的排放量必须减少60％，但是，由于一些原因显示这种做法不切实际。这样大幅度地削减将引起世界经济的崩溃。那些重要的、人口众多的中低收入的国家不愿意对自己的能源消耗承担法律义务。另外，世界技术水平还不允许我们做如此大的改进。
当然，我们必须在21世纪早期找到对付全球变暖威胁的解决方案。这样的义务要求人们达成一定程度的共识，承担共同的新责任。成功取决于想象力，取决于“如果我们不这样做会发生什么”。尽管生活在寒带的许多人会欢迎由于全球变暖导致的更温暖的夏天，但是，很少有人会喜欢随之而来的热带疾病，尤其是那些从未有过这些疾病的地区的人们。
51. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】主旨判断
【解析过程】文章的主要目的是 。
A. 分析全球变暖的问题
B. 反对大幅度减少释放物
C. 使人们相信全球变暖确实是一个威胁
D. 批评一些国家拒绝减少危害臭氧层的释放物
线索1：文章的第1段提到“At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997.”
线索2：文章的第3段提到“We must，however，find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century.”表明选项A应该是正确答案。
【考点提示】本文是一篇问题解决型的文章，文章的结构是提出问题，分析问题产生的原因，给出解决问题的办法，对办法进行评价。本文提出的问题是“全球变暖”，之后提出了解决办法，但因为经济的原因，解决方法并没有得到彻底的贯彻，对此作者作了详细的分析。所以，本文的主题应该是分析全球变暖问题。
52. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】摆脱全球变暖威胁很困难的原因是 。
A. 并不是所有的国家都愿意大量减少释放物
B. 许多人欢迎一个更热夏天的全球变暖影响
C. 许多国家的领导者并不完全明白这个问题的严重性
D. 全世界的科技不能够解决这个问题
线索：文章的第2段提到“Important and populous（人口众多的）low-or medium- income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.”表明选项A是正确答案。
B选项在原文的第3段提到“Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summe...”原文的寒冷区域在选项中没有出现，所以该选项不正确，犯了扩大范围的错误。
C选项和原文的内容相反“Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem.”
D选项和原文的内容不符合“In addition，the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.”并没有说技术不能解决该问题。
【考点提示】根据常识判断有的时候比较容易判断出选项的对与错。比如该题的选项A是比较容易选中的，内容上比较概括，语气比较婉转，和文章的中心非常贴近，这些都是正确选项的典型特征。选项B从常识的判断就不太可能是正确的答案。不太可能许多人欢迎全球变暖的事实，这和文章的中心是截然相反。
53. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】文章推断
【解析过程】文章的作者暗示 。
A. 全世界最近意识到了全球变暖的威胁
B. 全球变暖的问题在很大程度上已经被解决
C. 总是很难能够在减少危害臭氧层释放物的世界公约上达成一致
D. 再也不容易达成和环境有关的世界公约
线索：文章的第1段的前几句话明确地表达了作者的观点，现在达成和保护环境有关的世界公约非常不容易。第1段的后半部分表达了在20世纪80年代，这种协议和措施是比较容易贯彻的，所以选项D是正确答案。选项C的“总是”太绝对化了，所以不正确。选项A和原文第2段的第1句话不符合，全世界数十年前就已经认识到了这个问题。选项B显然和原文的内容相反。
【考点提示】推断题是一种常考的题型。标志：learn，infer，imply，inform.
（1） 看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。
（2） 依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项可能是正确答案。推理题不是考查我们的想象力，它实际是考查我们对原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题是否读透。因此，不推的比推的好；推得近的比推得远的要好。
54. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】因果关系
【解析过程】根据作者表达，目前不可能在全球范围减少60%的二氧化碳释放物，因为 。
A. 一些人不负责任
B. 这些导致经济崩溃
C. 仅是未来要达到的一个目标
D. 一些人缺乏想象力
线索：文章的第2段提到“Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy.”表明是因为经济原因，所以选项B是正确答案。
55. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】所有国家应该做些什么以帮助解决全球变暖的问题？
A. 他们应该再召开一届全球气候变化会议。
B. 他们应该提供高科技。
C. 他们应该替代所有的有害物质。
D. 他们应该承担对于他们能源使用的法律承诺。
线索：文章的第2段提到“Important and populous（人口众多的）low-or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.”所以，解决全球变暖的问题需要全部国家在法律上做出承诺。