电子商务英语省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第1页学习指导学习指导电子商务在当代生活中位置越来越主要，它出现不但为企业提供了创造效益平台，而且也极大方便了用户使用，逐步成为商务活动中占主导位置形式。伴随计算机及通信技术发展，为电子商务发展提供了愈加辽阔空间。第2页本章主要介绍了以下内容：什么是电子商务电子商务类型电子商务发展com繁荣、破灭和重生电子商务优势电子商务劣势第3页1.1 Electronic Commerce and Electronic BusinessTomanypeople,thetermelectroniccommercemeansshoppingonthepartoftheInternet.However,electroniccommerce(ore-commerce)alsoincludesmanyotheractivities,suchasbusinessestradingwithotherbusinessesandinternalprocessesthatcompaniesusetosupporttheirbuying,selling,hiring,planning,andotheractivities.第4页Somepeopleusethetermelectronicbusiness(ore-business)whentheyaretalkingaboutelectroniccommerceinthisbroadersense.Forexample,IBMdefineselectronicbusinessasthetransformationofkeybusinessprocessesthroughtheuseofInternettechnologies.第5页Mostpeopleusethetermselectroniccommerceandelectronicbusinessinterchangeably.Inthisbook,thetermelectroniccommerce(ore-commerce)isusedinitsbroadestsenseandincludesallbusinessactivitiesconductedusingelectronicdatatransmissiontechnologies.第6页ThemostcommontechnologyusedistheInternet,butothertechnologies,suchaswirelesstransmissionsonmobiletelephoneandpersonaldigitalassistant(PDA)devices,arealsoincluded.第7页1.2 Categories of Electronic CommerceSomepeoplefinditusefultocategorizeelectroniccommercebythetypesofentitiesparticipatinginthetransactionsorbusinessprocesses.Thefivegeneralelectroniccommercecategoriesarebusiness-to-consumer,business-to-business,businessprocesses,consumer-to-consumer,andbusiness-to-government.第8页Thethreecategoriesthataremostcommonlyusedare:ConsumershoppingontheWeb,oftencalledbusiness-to-consumer(orB2C)第9页TransactionsconductedbetweenbusinessesontheWeb,oftencalledbusiness-to-business(orB2B)Transactionsandbusinessprocessesthatcompanies,governments,andotherorganizationsundertakeontheInternettosupportsellingandpurchasingactivities.第10页Tounderstandthesecategoriesbetter,consideracompanythatmanufacturesstereospeakers.ThecompanymightsellitsfinishedproducttoconsumersontheWeb,whichwouldbeB2Celectroniccommerce.第11页ItmightalsopurchasethematerialsitusestomakethespeakersfromothercompaniesontheWeb,whichwouldbeB2Belectroniccommerce.Businessesoftenhaveentiredepartmentsdevotedtonegotiatingpurchasetransactionswiththeirsuppliers.Thesedepartmentsareusuallynamedsupplymanagementorprocurement.Thus,B2Belectroniccommerceissometimescallede-procurement.第12页Inadditiontobuyingmaterialsandsellingspeakers,thecompanymustalsoundertakemanyotheractivitiestoconvertthepurchasedmaterialsintospeakers.第13页Theseactivitiesmightincludehiringandmanagingthepeoplewhomakethespeakers,rentingorbuyingthefacilitiesinwhichthespeakersaremadeandstored,shippingthespeakers,maintainingaccountingrecords,purchasinginsurance,developingadvertisingcampaigns,anddesigningnewversionsofthespeakers.第14页AnincreasingnumberofthesetransactionsandbusinessprocessescanbedoneontheWeb.Manufacturingprocesses(suchasthefabricationofthespeakers)canbecontrolledusingInternettechnologieswithinthebusiness.第15页Allofthesecommunication,control,andtransaction-relatedactivitieshavebecomeimportantpartsofelectroniccommerce.SomepeopleincludetheseactivitiesintheB2Bcategory;othersrefertothemasunderlyingorsupportingbusinessprocesses.第16页figure 1-1 ElementsofElectronicCommerce第17页Figure1-1showsthethreemainelementsofelectroniccommerce.Thefigurepresentsaroughapproximationoftherelativesizesoftheseelements.Intermsofdollarvolumeandnumberoftransactions,B2BelectroniccommerceismuchgreaterthanB2Celectroniccommerce.第18页However,thenumberofsupportingbusinessprocessesisgreaterthanthatofB2CandB2Btransactionscombined.ThelargeovalinFigure1-1thatrepresentsthebusinessprocessesthatsupportsellingandpurchasingactivitiesisthelargestelementofelectroniccommerce.第19页Someresearchersdefineafourthcategoryofelectroniccommerce,calledconsumer-to-consumer(orC2C),whichincludesindividualswhobuyandsellitemsamongthemselves.第20页Forexample,C2CelectroniccommerceoccurswhenapersonsellsanitemthroughaWebauctionsitetoanotherperson.Inthisbook,C2CsalesareincludedintheB2Ccategorybecausethepersonsellingtheitemactsmuchasabusinesswouldforpurposesofthetransaction.第21页Finally,someresearchersalsodefineacategoryofelectroniccommerceasbusiness-to-government(orB2G).Thiscategoryincludesbusinesstransactionswithgovernmentagencies,suchaspayingtaxesandfilingrequiredreports.第22页AnincreasingnumberofstateshaveWebsitesthathelpcompaniesdobusinesswithstategovernmentagencies.Forexample,theCAL-BuysitemakesiteasyforbusinessestoconductonlinetransactionswiththeStateofCalifornia.Inthisbook,B2GtransactionsareincludedinourdiscussionsofB2Belectroniccommerce.第23页Overthethousandsofyearsthatpeoplehaveengagedincommercewithoneanother,theyhaveadoptedthetoolsandtechnologiesthatbecameavailable.Forexample,1.3 The Development and Growth of Electronic Commerce第24页theadventofsailingshipsinancienttimesopenednewavenuesoftradetobuyersandsellers.Laterinnovations,suchastheprintingpress,steamengine,andtelephone,haveeachchangedthewayinwhichpeopleconductcommerceactivities.第25页TheInternethaschangedthewaypeoplebuy,sell,hire,andorganizebusinessactivitiesinmorewaysandmorerapidlythananyothertechnologyhasinthehistoryofbusiness.第26页AlthoughtheWebhasmadeonlineshoppingpossibleformanybusinessesandindividualsinabroadersense,electroniccommercehasexistedformanyyears.Formorethan30years,bankshavebeenemployingelectronicfundstransfers(EFTs,alsocalledwiretransfers),whichareelectronictransmissionsofaccountexchangeinformationoverprivatecommunicationnetworks.第27页Businessesalsohavebeenengaginginatypeofelectroniccommerce,knownaselectronicdatainterchange,formanyyears.Electronicdatainterchange(EDI)occurswhenonebusinesstransmitscomputer-readabledatainastandardformattoanotherbusiness.第28页Inthe1960s,businessesrealizedthatmanyofthedocumentstheyexchangedwererelatedtotheshippingofgoods,forexample,invoices,purchaseorders,andbillsoflading.Thesedocumentsincludedthesamesetofinformationforalmosteverytransaction.第29页Businessesalsorealizedthattheywerespendingagooddealoftimeandmoneyenteringthisdataintotheircomputers,printingpaperforms,andthenreenteringthedataontheothersideofthetransaction.Althoughthepurchaseorder,invoice,andbillofladingforeachtransactioncontainedmuchofthesameinformation-suchasitemnumbers,descriptions,prices,andquantities-eachpaperformusuallyhaditsownuniqueformatforpresentingthatinformation.第30页Bycreatingasetofstandardformatsfortransmittingthatinformationelectronically,businesseswereabletoreduceerrors,avoidprintingandmailingcosts,andeliminatetheneedtoreenterthedata.第31页BusinessesthatengageinEDIwitheachotherarecalledtradingpartners.TheU.S.government,whichisoneofthelargestEDItradingpartnersintheworld,alsowasinstrumentalinbringingbusinessesintoEDI.Fornineyears,endingin,theDefenseLogisticsAgencyoperatedanumberofElectronicCommerceResourceCenters(ECRCs)throughoutthecountry.第32页TheECRCsprovidedfreeassistancetomanybusinesses,especiallysmallerbusinesses,sotheycoulddoEDIwiththeU.S.DefenseDepartmentandotherfederalagencies.第33页TheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologycontinuestooperateoneofthesecentersastheGeorgiaTechElectronicCommerceResourceCenter,whichservesbusinessesinAlabama,Georgia,andTennessee.第34页Between1997andmorethan12,000Internet-relatedbusinesseswerestartedwithmorethan$100billionofinvestorsmoney.Inanextendedburstofoptimismandwhatmanycametodescribeasirrationalexuberance,investorsfearedthattheymightmissthemoney-makingopportunityofalifetime.1.4 The Dot-Com Boom,Bust,and Rebirth第35页Asmoreinvestorscompetedforafixednumberofgoodideas,thepriceofthoseideasincreased.Worse,anumberofbadideaswereproposedandfunded.Morethan5000ofthesecompanieswentoutofbusinessorwereacquiredinthedownturnthatbeganin.第36页Themediacoverageofthedot-combustwasextensive.However,betweenand,morethan$200billionwasinvestedinpurchasingelectroniccommercebusinessesthatwereintroubleandstartingnewonlineventures,accordingtoindustryresearchfirmWebMergers.第37页Thissecondwaveoffinancialinvestmenthasnotbeenreportedextensivelyineitherthegeneralorbusinessmedia,butitisfuelingarebirthofgrowthinonlinebusinessactivity.第38页Afterseeingsomanynewstoriesduringtheperiodfromthroughproclaimingthedeathofelectroniccommerce,manypeoplearesurprisedtofindthatthegrowthinonlineB2Csaleshadcontinuedthroughthatperiod,althoughataslowerpacethanduringtheboomyearsofthelate1990s.第39页hus,thebustthatwassowidelyreportedinthemediawasreallymoreofaslowdownthanatruecollapse.Afterfouryearsofdoublingortriplingeveryyear,growthinonlinesalesslowedtoanannualrateof20to30percentstartingin.第40页Mostexpertsexpectthisgrowthratetocontinueoverthenextseveralyears.第41页OneforcedrivingthegrowthinonlinesalestoconsumersistheeverincreasingnumberofpeoplewhohaveaccesstotheInternet.ThePewInternet&AmericanLifeProject(fundedbythePewCharitableTrusts)beganconductingseverallong-termresearchprojectsintostudythegrowthoftheInternetanditseffectsonsociety.第42页YoucanconsultitsWebsiteforthelatestreportsontheseprojects.In,aPewresearchprojectfoundthattwo-thirdsofInternetusershavepurchasedatleastoneitemonline.第43页Firmsareinterestedinelectroniccommercebecause,quitesimply,itcanhelpincreaseprofits.Justaselectroniccommerceincreasessalesopportunitiesfortheseller,itincreasespurchasingopportunitiesforthebuyer.1.5 Advantages of Electronic Commerce第44页Businessescanuseelectroniccommercetoidentifynewsuppliersandbusinesspartners.NegotiatingpriceanddeliverytermsiseasierinelectroniccommercebecausetheInternetcanhelpcompaniesefficientlyobtaincompetitivebidinformation.第45页Electroniccommerceincreasesthespeedandaccuracywithwhichbusinessescanexchangeinformation,whichreducescostsonbothsidesoftransactions.第46页Manycompaniesarereducingtheircostsofhandlingsalesinquiries,providingpricequotes,anddeterminingproductavailabilitybyusingelectroniccommerceintheirsalessupportandorder-takingprocesses.第47页Thebenefitsofelectroniccommerceextendtothegeneralwelfareofsociety.Electronicpaymentsoftaxrefunds,publicretirement,andwelfaresupportcostlesstoissueandarrivesecurelyandquicklywhentransmittedovertheInternet.第48页Furthermore,electronicpaymentscanbeeasiertoauditandmonitorthanpaymentsmadebycheck,providingprotectionagainstfraudandtheftlosses.第49页otheextentthatelectroniccommerceenablespeopletotelecommute,everyonebenefitsfromthereductionincommuter-causedtrafficjamandpollution.Electroniccommercecanalsomakeproductsandservicesavailableinremoteareas.第50页Forexample,distanceeducationismakingitpossibleforpeopletolearnskillsandearndegreesnomatterwheretheyliveorwhichhourstheyareavailableforstudy.第51页Somebusinessprocessesmayneverlendthemselvestoelectroniccommerce.Forexample,perishablefoodsandhigh-cost,uniqueitems,suchascustom-designedjewelry,mightbeimpossibletoinspectadequatelyfromaremotelocation,regardlessofanytechnologiesthatmightbedevisedinthefuture.1.6 Disadvantages of Electronic Commerce第52页Mostofthedisadvantagesofelectroniccommercetoday,however,stemfromthenewnessandrapidlydevelopingpaceoftheunderlyingtechnologies.Thesedisadvantageswilldisappearaselectroniccommercematuresandbecomesmoreavailabletoandacceptedbythegeneralpopulation.第53页internal/int:nl/a.内在,国内（反external外部）hire/hai/n.租金,工钱,租用,雇用;vt.雇请,出租;vi.受雇interchange/intteind/vt.(指两人等)交换;v.相互交换categorize/ktigraiz/v.加以类别,分类Vocabulary第54页participate/p:tisipeit/vi.参加,参加,分享,分担stero-prefix表示“立体”意思procurement/prkjumnt/n.取得,取得rent/rent/v.租,租借,出租;n.租金fabrication/fbrikein/n.制作,组成,伪造物,装配工approximation/prksmein/n.靠近,走近,/数/近似值第55页engage/ingeid/vt.使忙碌,雇佣,预定,使从事于,使参加;vi.答应,从事,交战,/机/接合,advent/dvnt/n.(尤指不寻常人或事)出现,到来auction/:kn/n.拍卖;vt.拍卖avenue/vinju:/n.林荫道,大街,方法,路径,路innovation/inuvein/n.改革,创新invoice/invis/n.发票,发货单,货物;v.开发票,记清单第56页instrumental/instrumentl/a.仪器,器械,乐器boom/bu:m/n.繁荣,隆隆声;v.发隆隆声,兴隆,快速发展bust/bst/v.破灭investor/invest/n.投资者optimism/ptimizm/n.乐观,乐观主义（反pessimism消极主义）irrational/irnl/a.无理性,失去理性exuberance/igzju:brns/n.茂盛,丰富,健康第57页downturn/daunt:n/n.低迷时期venture/vent/n.冒险,投机,风险;v.冒险,冒昧,斗胆,胆敢(谦语)triple/tripl/n.三倍数,三个一组;a.三倍;v.成三倍,增至三倍access/kses/n.通路,访问,入门;vt.存取,靠近bid/bid/vt.出价,投标,祝福,命令,吩咐;n.出价,投标;v.支付quote/kwut/vt.引用,引证,提供,提出,报(价)第58页audit/:dit/n.审计,稽核,查帐;vt.稽核,旁听;vi.查账fraud/fr:d/n.坑骗,欺诈行为,阴谋,骗子,假货;telecommute/telikmju:t/vi.(在家里经过使用与工作单位连接计算机终端)远距离工作;vt.通讯perishable/peribl/adj.轻易腐烂mature/mtju/adj.成熟,到期,充分考虑,(票据等)到期;vt.使成熟;vi.成熟,到期第59页integrate/intigreit/vt.使成整体,使一体化,求.积分v.结合conduct/kndkt/n.行为,操行;v.引导,管理,为人,传导Oval/uvl/a.卵形，椭圆形n.卵形,椭圆形第60页Phrasese-commerce电子商务（本书采取此做电子商务专有名词）e-business电子商务finishedproduct成品purchaseorder采购订单billsoflading提货单第61页GeorgiaTechElectronicCommerceResourceCenter佐治亚电子商务技术资源中心gooutofbusiness倒闭onlinebusiness网上企业PewCharitableTrusts教友慈善信托基金stemfrom由.发生，滋生第62页AbbreviationsPDApersonaldigitalassistant个人数字终端B2Cbusiness-to-consumer企业对消费者B2Bbusiness-to-business企业对企业C2Cconsumer-to-consumer消费者对消费者第63页B2Gbusiness-to-government消费者对政府EFTelectronicfundstransfer电子资金转移ECRCsElectronicCommerceResourceCenters电子商务资源中心第64页Notes to the Passage1.注意以下4个词不一样含义：transformvt.使改变；改变transfervt.&vi.迁移，移转transmitvt.传（播）送，传送（光、热）transactvt.&vi.办理,处理；交易第65页2.在英语中，采取“名词”+“-”+“分词（或形容词）”形式，起到对名词做修饰和加强作用，如本文中：transaction-related(相关交易),computer-readable（计算机可读）,money-making（制造货币，获取利润）,order-taking（采取订单）,commuter-caused（通讯引发）第66页3.IBMdefineselectronicbusinessasthetransformationofkeybusinessprocessesthroughtheuseofInternettechnologies.IBM企业认为e-business是使用互联网技术进行关键业务流程转移。defineas将定义为第67页4.Somepeoplefinditusefultocategorizeelectroniccommercebythetypesofentitiesparticipatinginthetransactionsorbusinessprocesses.有些人认为能够按参加交易实体或企业流程方对电子商务进行分类。这里participating做后置定语，修饰entities。第68页5.Businessesoftenhaveentiredepartmentsdevotedtonegotiatingpurchasetransactionswiththeirsuppliers.企业往往会设置专门部门负责同供给商谈判采购交易。第69页6.Intermsofdollarvolumeandnumberoftransactions从交易额和交易量来看intermsof表示“依据”。第70页7.Overthethousandsofyearsthatpeoplehaveengagedincommercewithoneanother在过去几千年贸易实践中，engage表示人们之间从事贸易活动第71页8.TheInternethaschangedthewaypeoplebuy,sell,hire,andorganizebusinessactivitiesinmorewaysandmorerapidlythananyothertechnologyhasinthehistoryofbusiness.互联网则比以前其它任何工具更大范围、更快速地改变了人们采购、销售、招聘员工、组织业务活动方式。这里，（that）peoplebuy做定语从句。第72页9.Morethan5000ofthesecompanieswentoutofbusinessorwereacquiredinthedownturnthatbeganin.在开始低迷期中，有五千多家互联网企业倒闭或被并购。这里beacquired表示“被并购”含义。第73页10.Electroniccommerceincreasesthespeedandaccuracywithwhichbusinessescanexchangeinformation,whichreducescostsonbothsidesoftransactions.电子商务提升了企业间信息交换速度和准确性，降低了交易双方成本。这里“which”均指“electroniccommerce”。第74页11.SomeconsumersarestillfearfulofsendingtheircreditcardnumbersovertheInternetandhavingonlinemerchants-merchantstheyhavenevermet-knowsomuchaboutthem.一些消费者不愿在互联网上发送信用卡号码，也担心从未谋面网上商店过于了解自己隐私。“sendingtheircreditcard”与“havingonlinemerchants”均为befearfulof宾语。第75页Exercises1.Comprehension Exercises1).HowdoesIBMdefinee-commerce?2).Whatarethethreecategoriesthataremostcommonlyused?3).Whatisthekeyfunctioninthedevelopmentofe-commerce?第76页4).WhenisthedownturnfortheInternet?5).Now,areallbusinessprocessessuitabletoelectroniccommerce?第77页2.Exercises to terms and vocabulariesA.PleasetranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish.成品网上企业提货单拍卖采购部门倒闭第78页B.PleasetranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChinese.money-richweb-enabledaccesstotheInternetstemfromtransactionsbetweenbusinessescreditcard第79页3.Translation ExercisesTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese:Thebenefitsofelectroniccomme