知行英语综合教程2Unit8市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

知行英语知行英语第1页知行英语第2页知行英语1)hybrid(混合动力)A paper2)organic B bottles3)solar C cars4)recyclable D food5)unbleached(未漂白)E energyTask 1Answer the questions by matching the following items.1 What are eco-friendly products?第3页知行英语1)paper A bags2)plastic B cups3)disposable(一次性)C tissue(纸巾)4)fossil(矿物)D chemicals5)toxic(有毒)E fuelsTask 12 What are not environmentally friendly?第4页知行英语Task 2Work in pairs.Look at the following layout of a supermarket.Discuss with your partner in which section you will find the following products or service.FRESH MEATS&SEAFOODADELICACIESBFROZEN FOODS&BEVERAGESCPREPAREDFOODSDCHEESEEFLORISTFBAKERYGCUSTOMERSERVICEHCHECKOUTIPRODUCEJ1 shrimps&crabs1 shrimps&crabs2 ice-cream&Coke2 ice-cream&Coke3 canned 3 canned(罐装)beansbeans4 payment 4 payment(付款)5 sausage5 sausage6 beef6 beef7 vase7 vase8 French cheese 8 French cheese 9 white bread 9 white bread 10 returns&refunds 10 returns&refunds(退货&退款)ACJIDAFEGH第5页知行英语Task 3Use some of the words in Task 2 to fill in the blanks.1 shrimps&crabs1 shrimps&crabs2 ice-cream&Coke2 ice-cream&Coke3 canned 3 canned(罐装)beansbeans4 payment 4 payment(付款)5 sausage5 sausage6 beef6 beef7 vase7 vase8 French cheese 8 French cheese 9 white bread 9 white bread 10 returns&refunds 10 returns&refunds(退货&退款)1 An Italian laborer came in and asked for a loaf of _.2 Can I have a Diet _?3 _ is chiefly made of milk and sugar.4 Generally,I prefer glass _ to pottery(陶器)ones.5 Tomorrow he will return them to the store and claim(索要)_.6 Do you want your _ steak rare(三分熟),medium(五分熟),or well-done(熟透)?white bread ice cokeCanned beansvaserefundsbeef第6页知行英语Reading ItPaper vs Plastic Bags:Which Is Better for the Environment?*WordsBetter acquaintance1 For many years,grocery clerks often asked customers if they would prefer paper or plastic bags.Now the preference has shifted in the direction of plastic.This change has little to do with environmental issues and everything to do with convenience and efficiency.Many stores today set up their checkout stands with plastic bags.It often makes the decision for paper much more difficult for the consumer.From a business point of view,its not hard to judge the preference of most stores todaythe plastic bag.clerkn.店员；职员preference n.偏好；偏爱事物shift v.转变issuen.问题checkout n.付款处；收银台；退房时间standn.（供放置物品）架；台consumern.消费者；用户judgev.评价；（尤指）批评1多年以来，店员都会例行公事般地问用户，他们是要纸质购物袋还是塑料购物袋。现在人们选择愈加倾向于塑料袋。这种改变只是人们为了方便和效率，而与环境问题关系不大。很多商店都在结账地方准备了塑料袋，使得消费者愈加无从选择纸袋。从商业角度不难看出大多数商店优先选择塑料袋。第7页知行英语3 So which form of bag is actually best for the environment?It depends on how you look at“best”when it comes to issues of environmental responsibility.Both paper and plastic bags are made in factories.Their manufacture uses energy and produces waste.Quite naturally,many consumers believe that paper bags are better for the environment because paper is made from natural products such as wood and from recycled paper and cardboard.But the wood industry is also held responsible for clear-cutting forests and adding to the problems of deforestation.Replanting with fast-growing trees may solve the problem to some extent but it creates unnatural forests for native animals.2 But does this mean the paper bag,often seen as the more environmentally-conscious choice,has vanished?Not necessarily.Paper packaging is still widely used,from gift wrapping to envelopes to cardboard boxes for fruit.Many customers prefer paper wrapping products when they can get them.Plastic bags may rule at the supermarket checkout counter,but cardboard and paper products are still preferred elsewhere.consciousa.有意识；自觉vanishv.消失；灭绝packagingn.包装wrappingn.包装纸；包装材料envelopen.信封cardboardn.卡纸板rulev.统治；支配；管理counter n.柜台manufacturev.制造recyclev.再利用；回收利用*deforestation n.砍伐森林；毁林3到底哪一个袋子对环境最有利呢？这取决于在考虑对环境责任时，你怎样了解“最好”。纸袋和塑料袋都是在工厂里生产出来，都会消耗能源，带来废料。很自然，许多消费者认为纸袋更环境保护，因为其原料是天然材料-木材。不过木材工业也会牵扯到对生长多年树木清场，给采伐森林带来问题。重新种植速生木材可能会处理回收再利用问题，不过这种非自然森林无法处理原本生活在天然林里动物栖息问题。2不过这是否意味着被认为更环境保护纸袋就此要消失了呢？不一定。纸质包装当下还在被广泛使用，比如礼品包装，信封，以及对肉食包装等等。当并不尤其需要塑料袋时候，用户还是愿意选取纸袋。塑料袋可能在结账处独领风骚，不过硬纸盒和纸袋在其它地方则依然受欢迎。第8页知行英语4 Plastic also receives a fair share of criticism from environmentalists.Plastic is by its very nature an“artificial”product.It is derived from crude oil and other chemicals.Producing usable plastic creates heat and great amounts of water are required to control the process.Harmful chemicals are emitted into the air.Ground watermay become polluted.Until recently,all plastic grocery bags and other packaging were non-biodegradable,that is,they will not break down into harmless parts when thrown away by consumers.Older plastics will continue to pollute the environment and release harmful gases for many years.4塑料袋一样遭到环境保护主义者应有批评。塑料袋从本质上说是“人造”材料，完全取自原油和其它化学制品。有用塑料生产会在工厂产生热源并消耗大量水来控制生产过程，有害化学物质则会以烟形式被排放到空气中去。地表水可能遭受污染。直到前很快，大部分塑料购物袋和其它包装材料还无法被回收。被消费者扔掉之后，这些东西并不会自动分解为无害物质。早先被扔掉那些塑料制品则继续污染环境，在以后数月里甚至很多年里释放有害气体。faira.相当；公平；合理sharen.（参加、得到等）份；（分享到或贡献出）一份criticismn.批评；批判environmentalistn.环境保护主义者；环境保护论者artificiala.人造；人工derivev.提取；得到；源于crude a.天然；未经提炼chemicaln.化学制品 a.化学；化学作用usablea.可用；适用；便于使用processn.过程；进程emitv.散发（热、光、气等）biodegradablea.微生物可分解releasev.&n.释放；排放第9页知行英语5 So if neither paper nor plastic is completely safe environmentally,which is the best choice?Again,it depends on your definition of environmental safety.Paper bags have always been recyclable and biodegradable.Theywill not harm the environment after disposal.Paper bags can also be reused for other things,which encourages recycling.Paper companies often use a lower-grade paper pulp to produce grocery bags.This means the factory is using almost all of its supply of wood efficiently.Grocery store packers also tend to fit more products in each bag which reduces the total number of bags used per transaction.5既然纸袋和塑料袋对于环境来说都不是安全选择，那么哪一个相对来说好一些呢？还是那句话，这取决于你对环境安全定义了。纸袋总是能够被回收，被扔掉以后也不会对环境有害。纸袋还能够被用来做其它用途，这么也会促进其被回收。纸品企业经惯用等级较低纸浆生产购物袋，也就是说工厂充分利用了木材这种原料。商店里负责打包店员也经常会尽可能把每个袋子装满，降低每一单生意中纸袋使用数量。不过为了防止意外破损，包装者有时候会使用尽可能多塑料袋，这种做法日久天长，就会造成巨大浪费。definitionn.定义；要求；明确recyclable a.可回收利用disposaln.丢弃；处理pulp n.纸浆transactionn.（一笔）交易；办理；执行第10页知行英语6 But plastic bags also have their environmental advantages.The energy used to produce plastic bags is often less than the energy used to produce the same number of paper bags.Plastic bag machines can create hundreds of bags from a surprisingly small amount of raw plastic material.Plastic can also be made from lower-grade crude oil.This means crude oil will be used efficiently.Since it takes far less raw material for one plastic grocery bag,plastic may actually be a better choice environmentally.Recent advances in technology have also resulted in plastics which are more eco-friendly than older forms of plastic and manufacturers of modern plastic bags are reducing the amount of raw materials required.Plastic bags can also be reused as garbage containers or freezer bags which creates less need for more expensive plastic products.6不过塑料袋也有优势。生产塑料袋花费能源少于生产相同数量纸袋所消耗能源。生产塑料袋机器能够只用极少许原料制造出数百只塑料袋。再者，塑料袋原料是品质较低原油，也就意味着原油能够被愈加有效利用。正因为每一只塑料购物袋消耗原材料少，所以从环境保护角度来说，塑料袋其实是愈加好选择。最新技术进步也也带来了比以前更环境保护塑料制品。当代塑料袋最终会由尽可能少原料制成。塑料袋还能够用来装垃圾或者作为冷冻袋。如此一来会降低对更昂贵塑料制品需要。advancen.进展；进步manufacturer n.制造商；制造企业garbagen.垃圾containern.容器；集装箱第11页知行英语7 The ultimate answer between paper and plastic may still be a matter of debate for years.But the recent tendency of stores to offer almost only plastic bags may indicate the future from a business point of view.If demand for paper bags continues to go down,then paper companies may stop producing them.A new material may be developed.If so,it is likely to be more environmentally friendly than todays plastic bags.Until that day arrives,consumers will probably continue to choose their bags based on convenience rather than environmental concerns.7关于纸袋与塑料袋孰优孰劣最终答案，人们或许在今后相当长一段时间里依然争论不休。不过最近这种商店几乎只提供塑料袋风潮，似乎从商业角度预示了未来一个方向。假如对纸袋需求量继续下降，纸品企业便会停顿为消费者生产纸袋。一个比当前我们使用塑料袋更环境保护新材料可能会被开发出来。在那一天到来之前，消费者恐怕只能在关心环境保护同时，更重视于方便程度，来选择他们使用袋子了。ultimatea.最终；首要tendencyn.倾向；趋势indicatev.表明；标示；指示concernv.包括；关系到；使关心；使担忧n.关心；关系；相关；顾虑第12页知行英语Understanding ItTask 1 Read the text and answer the following questions.1 Why has customers preference for packaging at grocery stores shifted to plastic bags?2 Why do many customers usually believe paper bags are more eco-friendly?3 Why do paper bags receive criticism from environmentalists?4 What harm do plastic bags do to the environment?Because it is convenient and efficient.The customers think that the material of paper bags comes from the natural product called wood.But the wood industry is also held responsible for clear-cutting old growth forests and adding to the problems of deforestation.The production process consumes great amounts of heat resources and water.Harmful chemicals may be given off into the air in the form of smoke.Ground water may become polluted.Older plastics would continue to pollute the environment and release harmful gases for months or years.第13页知行英语Task 2 Read the text again and correct the following statements.1 From a business point of view,its hard to judge the preference for paper or plastic of todays grocery stores.2 Paper packaging is not that widely used and customers no longer prefer paper bags.3 The production of paper bags will not cause any energy consumption or waste any material.1 Now the preference has shifted in the direction of plastic.2 Paper packaging is still used widely,from gift wrap to envelopes to meat wrappers.Customers still prefer paper products when plastic bags arent especially helpful.3 Both paper and plastic bags are made in factories.It will cause energy consumption and waste materials.第14页知行英语Task 2 Read the text again and correct the following statements.4 Plastic bags do not have any environmental advantages.5 The ultimate answer between paper and plastic is very clear because of the environmental advantages of paper bags.4 The material of plastic bags is not wood but artificial,which does not lead to deforestation.5 The ultimate answer between paper or plastic may still be a matter of debate for years.第15页知行英语Task 3 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1 This change has little to do with environmental issues and everything to do with convenience and efficiency.2 Plastic also receives a fair share of criticism from environmentalists.3 Plastic is by its very nature an“artificial”product.4 Recent advances in technology have also resulted in plastics which are more eco-friendly than older forms of plastic and manufacturers of modern plastic bags are reducing the amount of raw material required.5 The ultimate answer between paper and plastic may still be a matter of debate for years.1这种改变只是人们为了方便和效率，而与环境问题关系不大。2塑料袋一样遭到环境保护主义者应有批评。3塑料袋从本质上说是“人造”材料。4最新技术进步也也带来了比以前更环境保护塑料制品。当代塑料袋最终会由尽可能少原料制成。5关于纸袋与塑料袋孰优孰劣最终答案，人们或许在今后相当长一段时间里依然争论不休。第16页知行英语Language Pointsifsomethingisroutinelydone,itisdoneasanormalpartofaprocessorjob；regularly惯常地，照例地e.g.Someoftheequipmentisroutinelyusedinhospitalsaroundthecountry.(opinion,belieforattitude)changeslightly(主意、观念，态度等）改变e.g.Herefusedto shifthis ground(=changehisopinion).routinely shiftWordscontrol;influence控制，支配；影响e.g.thepassionforpowerandsuccesswhichrulesherlife支配着她生活对权力和成功渴望e.g.Happypeopledontletdesiresrulethem.rule第17页知行英语Language Points分解；打破e.g.Bacteriaareaddedtohelpbreak downthesewage.break downPhrases&Expressions a matter of关于问题e.g.Itsa matter of privacy.增加；加强 add to as much as与同量;同.一样e.g.Thepriceistwiceasmuchasthatoftenyearsago.以为基础e.g.Theirrelationshipwasbased onmutualrespect.base on就本质而言e.g.Wolvesarecruelby nature.by its very nature源自；源于e.g.Theenzymeisderived fromhumanblood.derive from第18页知行英语Language Points与非常相关 have everything to do with sth.Phrases&Expressions fair share合理份额；公平分配e.g.Thesubjecthasreceiveditsfairshare ofattention.toproduceasmell,light,heat,asoundetc.发出气味、光亮、热量或声音等e.g.Thewoodgave offasweet,perfumedsmellasitburned.give off go down与没什么关系e.g.Happinesshas little to do withwealth.have little to do with sth.用形式e.g.Peoplearebombardedwithinformationin the form ofTVadvertising.in the form of /in the shape oftobecomelowerinlevel,amountetc.（数量、层次等）下滑，下降e.g.Computershavegone downinprice.第19页知行英语Language PointsPhrases&Expressionscausesomethingtohappen造成，引发e.g.Reducingspeedlimitsshouldlead tofewerdeathsontheroads.lead to未必；不一定e.g.Expensiverestaurantsarenot necessarilythebest.not necessarily result in使某事发生；引发e.g.Thefireresulted ingreatdamagetotheirproperty.(对事物)介绍，态度;观点，着眼点e.g.Irespectyourpoint of view,butImnotsureIagreewithyou.point of view(对事件或发生情况)需负担责任，负有过失e.g.Theairlineislegallyresponsible forthesafetyofitspassengers.responsible for set up设置，搭建e.g.Theyset upthestatueinthesquare.第20页知行英语Background information check-out stand收银台,结账台它是商场超市必不可少配套设施。因为其结构紧凑，占地面积小，所以被越来越多商家所喜爱。收银台除了收银结账这一主要用途外，还能够陈列一些商品吸引用户视线，从而大大提升商品售卖几率。第21页知行英语Background information礼品包装用具（如花纸和绸带）。用各种各样漂亮包装纸或包装盒包装礼品，再系上缎带或者蝴蝶结。这个习俗始于西方，这些年也逐步深入人心，很多中国人送礼时候也会去专业礼品店为礼品包装，或者买包装纸自己包装。Giftwrapping也是一个送礼人花心思表示情意主要步骤。gift wrap第22页知行英语Background information纸浆是以植物纤维为原料，经不一样加工方法制得纤维状物质。可依据加工方法分为机械纸浆、化学纸浆和化学机械纸浆；也可依据所用纤维原料分为木浆、草浆、麻浆、苇浆、蔗浆、竹浆等。Paper pulp第23页知行英语Background information Crude oil原油即石油，也称黑色金子，是一个粘稠、深褐色（有时有点绿色）液体。是石油刚开采出来未经提炼或加工物质。石油主要被用来作为燃油和汽油，石油也是许多化学工业产品,如溶剂、化肥、杀虫剂和塑料等原料。第24页知行英语Background information Freezer bag冰箱保鲜袋它是在传统保鲜塑料袋上增加了一个拉链。使用时能够先将袋子挤压一下，排出袋内大部分空气，然后再拉上拉链。有了冰箱保鲜袋，人们在冰箱内存放食物愈加安全便捷。第25页知行英语Doing ItTask 11What does“environmental consciousness”(environmental awareness)mean?After reading the whole text,can you explain it in your own words?Whats environmental consciousness/awareness in your own words?第26页知行英语2Do you consider yourself environmentally-conscious?Here are some practices of environmental consciousness.Tick()those you have.1 I turn off taps in time.2 If it is not too cold or hot,I put on more clothes or open windows instead of turning on air-conditioning.3 I go to places on foot or by bicycle instead of driving if conditions permit.4 I prefer double-sided printing.5 Instead of throwing them away,I save and give away my old clothes,used textbooks,etc.to people who are in need.6 I recycle used paper,bottles,cans,etc.7 I take my own cloth bags when shopping instead of using plastic bags.3Exchange the results of Step 2 with your partner.Work together and explore more ways to lead an environmentally-conscious life.第27页知行英语Task 21Put the following“both and”sentences into the“neither nor”structure,meaning the opposite of the original sentences.Minor changes are allowed as long as the main idea stays the same.TipsIn the sentence,“So if neitherpaper nor plastic is completely safe environmentally,which is the best choice?”The structure“neither nor”is used to join two negative ideas.It is the opposite of“both and”.Sometimes more than two ideas are connected by“neither nor”.1 Both his father and his mother were at home.2 The film was both well made and well acted.3 I like both classical music and pop music.4 I found the talk both interesting and meaningful.Neither his father nor his mother was at home.The film was neither well made nor well acted.I like neither classical music nor hip-hop.I found the talk neither i