2023年中级职称外语考试试卷.doc
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1、2023年中级职称英语考试试卷(120分钟内完毕)题号一二三总 分得分一、阅读理解(阅读下列短文并用英语回答问题,共30分)短文一 (15分)In one year the world uses as much energy as that contained in 21 billion barrels of oil. And the amount of fuel needed is growing rapidly. The supplies of fossil fuels-coal, oil, and gas-are limited. They may not last a century.
2、 Then what will take their place?For the answer, lets look to the sky. Each day the sun showers the world with several thousand times as much energy as man uses. Here, in a sense, energy is unlimited. The suns energy is free for the taking. If man could capture even a small part of the suns energy a
3、t low cost, no one would worry about running out of nonrenewable fuels.If scientists succeed in making use of the power of the sun, this new energy will have many different uses. The suns energy can be used in your own house for heating and cooking.Then the sun can also be used as a source of fuel f
4、or power plants. Solar energy can be used in telephone communication, in space travel, and in farming.One of the practical problems in controlling solar energy is making it continuous. What can be done when the sun is not shining on the heating system? If you were using a solar pump for irrigation,
5、the interruption would not matter, since plants do not need a continuous supply of water in the night time. But suppose you were heating your house by solar energy. A number of experimental houses that are heated in this way use storage tanks to hold the heat for night time and rainy spells, or they
6、 must have supplementary heating supplied by ordinary fuels.Once the suns energy is captured, the supply of energy will be endless. No wonder those who look to the sky see there will be great changes in our future way of life.Questions:1. What is this passage mainly about?2. What will replace fossil
7、 fuels in the future?3. What problem may arise when solar energy is used to heat the house?4. How can solar energy be stored for continuous use5. What can be expected of our life in the future if the suns energy is widely used?短文二 (15分)In recent years we have come to realize that several threats to
8、the environment are fundamental. One is acid rain, which is created by the millions of tons of sulphur dioxide(二氧化硫) and nitrogen oxides(氧化氮) spewed out of smokestacks and automobile exhaust pipes. The oxides mix with water vapor in the air to form weak sulphuric and nitric acid, which later falls a
9、s acid rain. The result is increased acidity(酸性) in lakes, which has curtailed the ability of many fish to reproduce, and in the soil, which has slowed the growth of trees.With every news report, the externality (外延性) of environmental problems seems to become clearer. For example, it was recently re
10、ported that Lapp villagers in northern Sweden and Norway were forbidden to eat local deer meat after their deer became polluted by fallout from the nuclear accident at Chernobyl (切尔诺贝利).But some pollution problems involve such great externalities that the whole world is affected. One example is the
11、greenhouse effect. The steadily rising of carbon dioxide in the earths atmosphere causes it to trap increasing amounts of the heat radiated by the planet. The general warming trend is expected to have disastrous effects, including mass starvation in some less developed countries, flooding of entire
12、coastal areas, and severe droughts on the Canadian Prairies, perhaps within the next fifty years. Improperly disposed wastes such as those from nuclear plants, industrial manufacturing, laboratories, and medical institution becomes another critical environmental problem; they can threaten all forms
13、of organic life. Unfortunately, little has been done so far to solve this problem. Indeed there are many examples in which industrialized countries have literally just shipped the problem off to the poorest of the less developed countries countries unequipped with the necessary storage and treatment
14、 facilities, and certainly too poor to deal with the serious environmental problems that will follow. For example, in 1988 the government of Guinea signed a contract with two British firms to receive fifteen million tons of pharmaceutical wastes over a five-year period. While this arrangement was ve
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