科技英语论文写作件省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

科技英语论文写作科技英语论文写作 学习要求学习要求:掌握科技英语论文写作基本逻辑结构及相关写 作技巧。重点掌握英文摘要写作方法与技巧。重点掌握英文引言写作方法与技巧。第1页 科技英语论文写作结构 写作前,作者通常要回答以下几个基本问题:1.Why did you start the study?2.What did you do?3.What did you find?4.What does it mean?把这些问题答案用论文方式表示出来就变成了:1.Introduction 2.Material and Methods 3.Results and Discussion 4.Conclusion 第2页 科技英语论文写作结构 论文整体结构以下:Title 标题 Abstract 摘要 Key words 关键词 Introduction 引言 Materials and Methods 材料与方法 Results and Discussion 结果与讨论 Conclusion 结论 Acknowledgements 致谢 References 参考文件 第3页 标题Title 论文标题不宜太长,应提要挈领,简明扼要,严谨规范,点明主旨,使人一目了然。论文标题多为名词短语，尤其注意防止使用句子，不定式短语，介词短语（on 短语除外）。第4页 标题Title 书写标题三种方式：1.标题首字母大写，专有名词大写，其余均采取小写字母。如:A fast bit-synchronization system in data transmission for HF channels.一个用于高频信道数据传输快速位同时系统。第5页 标题Title 书写标题三种方式：3.全部字母均大写。此形式普通用于计算机检索系统。如：A DISCUSSION ON SELF-ADAPTIVE SYSTEM.关于自适应系统讨论。注意：当前前两种形式使用最广泛，有些国外教授主张采取第一个形式，认为其可读性强。我国一些学报也采取这种形式。第6页 摘要Abstract 论文摘要有长有短，短只有一句话，长有若干段。但普通来说在杂志上发表论文接要不宜过长，通常控制在100-150词之间，更确切地说，约为全文长度1-5%。美国一些高等学校要求，硕士论文摘要以250词左右为宜，博士论文摘要以350词左右为宜。国际会议论文摘要普通要求为300-500词或1000个左右印刷符号。第7页 摘要Abstract 论文摘要多数情况下只有一段，要求简明扼要。在一段中兼顾统一性，逻辑性，连贯性，同时还应突出重点，吸引读者。普通来说，一篇好论文摘要应包含以下几方面内容：1.进行此项研究原由。2.自已做了哪些工作。3.取得了什么样显著结果及意义。注意：也有些人把上述一些内容放到正文引言之中。第8页 摘要Abstract 论文摘要英语含有以下三个突出特点：1.谓语动词简单而句子其它成份却十分复杂。2.大量使用be（主要用来陈说定义：据统计，在全部科 技英语陈说句中，约有三分之一是be改变形式作谓语动词）和have（主要用来叙述事物含有某种或一些特征时用）改变形式作谓语动词。3.使用不提及人陈说句。主题句普通为本文研究了/提出了/给出了英语多使用普通现在时，表述以下；This paper deals with/discusses/studies/presents/gives/proposes/develops/investigates 第9页 摘要Abstract 摘要是一篇论文最短形式.摘要内容能够包含:B-background 背景信息 P-purpose 试验或研究目标,主要活动.范围等 M-methodology 研究中使用方法 R-results 最主要研究结果 C-conclusion or recommendation 结论或提议 第10页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍论文研究背景，回顾某领域取得研究结果或介绍相关知识。惯用词汇有：review 回顾,summarize 概述，总结,present 提出,outline 略述,describe 描述 ,evaluate 评价，预计 等。第11页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍论文研究背景 惯用句型以下：This paper reviews evidence for This paper outlines some of the basic methods and strategies and discusses This paper presents/describes the background of This paper evaluates the methods This article summarizes the theory on The paper reviews the methods for dealing with 第12页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究目 常用词汇有：purpose 目,aim 目,object 目标,goal 目标,report 报告,present 提出,examine 检查,explore 探究,study 研究,observe 观察,develop 发展,propose 提出,establish 建立,describe 描述,discuss 讲论,consider 考虑,evaluate 评估，评价,estimate 评估,separate 分开,isolate 使隔离,synthesize 综合,prepare准备,introduce介绍，引进,show 显示,illustrate举例说明，阐明,exhibit展示，陈列,obtain 获得 第13页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究目 常用句型如下：The purpose/aim/objective of this study/report/experiment was to A brief survey of is given A new approach is proposed to A novel method was developed for A mathematical model is derived from A new technique is described This paper begins with a discussion of followed by 第14页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究目 常用句型如下：The primary goal of this research is The intention of this paper is to survey Our goal has been to provide The study of was made in order to clarify 第15页摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究目标 例句以下：Net energy analyses have been carried out for eight trajectories which convert energy source into heated domestic water.对八种将能源转化为家庭热水路线作了净能量分析。第16页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究范围 惯用词汇有：include 包含，包含,concern 包括，关系到,lie in 在于,focus 集中,emphasize 强调，着重,consist of 由组成 第17页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究范围 惯用句型以下：The article contains some practical recommendations on The scope of the research covers Subjects covered include This article consists of four parts Our study includes The paper contains the specific topics on 第18页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究重点 惯用词汇有:concentrate 集中,focus 集中,emphasize 强调,give 供给,引发,发表,pay 支付,给予 第19页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究重点 惯用句型有:This report concentrate on Attention is concentrate on Particular attention is paid to There has been a focus on The greatest emphasis has been on The primary emphasis in this article is on 第20页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究和试验过程 惯用词汇有:test 测试,试验,检验,study 学习,研究,investigate 调查,研究,examine 检验,调查,考试,experiment 试验,试验,discuss 讨论,叙述,analyze 分析,分解,state 申明,陈说,要求,propose 计划,提议,打算,identify 识别,判别,确定 第21页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究和试验过程 惯用句型有:This paper examines how The paper discusses a class of model for We tested this hypothesis We present an analysis of We use N-body simulations to investigate 第22页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究和试验过程 惯用句型有:The paper analyzes the possibility of This article discusses the method of calculation of The paper states the reasons for The study identifies some procedures for 第23页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究和试验方法 惯用词汇有:measure 测量,测度,estimate 预计,估价,评定,算 calculate 计算,考虑,计划,打算 第24页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究和试验方法 惯用句型有:The experiments on have been carried out using The tests were carried out on This study presents estimate of 第25页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍应用,用途 惯用词汇有:use 使用,利用 apply 应用 application 应用 第26页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍应用,用途 惯用句型有:Our program uses a maximum likelihood approach and is based on As an application,we implement We used for data summary and tests Using to monitor expression in these vectors Two basic technologies are used to lay down 第27页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍应用,用途 惯用句型有:Such a statistical method has been applied to The application of is to develop and maintain In this paper,method has been applied in 第28页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍计算,测量 惯用词汇有:calculate 计算 compute 计算,预计 determine 确定 estimate 预计,估价,评定 measure 测量,测度,估量 work out 工作,造成,产生 第29页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍计算,测量 惯用句型有:This paper determines the proper temperature of The rational range of power is measured by The authors worked out the probability of The author has computed and The speed was calculated by means of 第30页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究结果 惯用词汇有:show 显示,指示,出示 present 介绍,提出,展现 出 result 因为,造成,结果 as a result 结果 arrive at 抵达,抵达 result in 造成 demonstrate 示范,证实,论证第31页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍研究结果 惯用句型有:As a result,we have got The results of observation show that The findings of our research on is The results we obtained demonstrate that 第32页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍结论 惯用词汇有:conclude 推断,断定 sum up 概括,总结 lead to 造成,通向 in conclusion 最终,总之 conclusion 结束,结论 summary 摘要,概要 proceed 进行,继续下去,发生 第33页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍结论 惯用句型有:The main aim of the study is to arrive at It is concluded that Some numerical results for are concluded with The conclusion of our research is To sum up,we have revealed 第34页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍结论 惯用句型有:On the basis of ,the following conclusions can be drawn In conclusion,the results show that Our arguments proceeds in 第35页 摘要Abstract 摘要中陈说论文和作者观点 惯用词汇有:suggest 提议,提出 report 报导,报至 present 介绍,引见,提出 expect 期待,预期,指望 argue 争论,主张,说服 account for 占,说明,解释 address 演说,提出,从事 concern 包括,关心,关注 射 disclose 揭露,透露 deal with 安排,处理,包括 introduce 介绍,传入,引进,提出 第36页 摘要Abstract 摘要中陈说论文和作者观点 惯用句型有:The results suggest that In this study,we describe that accounts for Exciting new research has elaborated several important and unexpected findings that explain This paper is mainly devoted to.第37页 摘要Abstract 摘要中说明论证 惯用词汇有:support 支撑,支持,维持 provide 供给,提供,准备 indicate 指出,显示 identify 确定,识别,判别 find 发觉,找到,查明 demonstrate 示范,证实,论证 clarify 澄清,说明 第38页 摘要Abstract 摘要中说明论证 惯用句型有:We show that it is possible to identify Our conclusion are supported by a rigorous statistical analysis of Our studies indicated that 第39页 摘要Abstract 摘要中说明论证 惯用句型有:The experimental results demonstrate that The results provide a sound of basis for The study is confirmed by The effects of the experiment shows that 第40页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍论证与依据 惯用词汇有:be based on 基于 base on 基于 take as reference 作为参考 第41页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍论证与依据 惯用句型有:The method of is based on The measures can be measured based on A simplified diagram of and is taken as reference.第42页 摘要Abstract 摘要中推荐和提议 惯用词汇有:suggest 提议，提出 recommend 推荐，介绍 人 propose 提议，打算，计划expect期待，预期 第43页 摘要Abstract 摘要中推荐和提议 惯用句型有:The authors suggest/propose/recommend that In this paper,another is proposed which does not seem to We proposed a new framework for solving the problem which does not Suggestions are made for further study of 第44页 摘要Abstract 摘要中推荐和提议 惯用句型有:The author proposes an approach to Suggestions were made for further study of It is suggested that Recommendations are made regarding 第45页 摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍深入研究必要性 惯用词汇有:desirable 合意，值得要expect 期待，预期 important重大，主要necessary必要，必需 need 需要，必须require 需要，要求，命令 第46页摘要Abstract 摘要中介绍深入研究必要性 惯用词汇有:The development of tools to is desirable during It is expected that the will be one of the most important in It is important/necessary to compare with There is a growing need/demand for by the increasing incidence of The operational knowledge and ability are required for 第47页 摘要Abstract 摘要写作模板1 This thesis sets out to study (研究对象).Based on the previous research findings in the domain of analysis,this thesis presents a typological analysis of,within the framework of proposed by (理论框架),in an attempt to explore the causes of and propose tentative solutions to (研究目).The thesis concludes that can be effective avenues for dealing with this issue(结论).The results of may largely conduce to and improve (研究意义).第48页 摘要Abstract 摘要写作模板2 Correlation/relationship between and has prompted investigations to explore (研究背景).Motivated by the preliminary positive findings of these research attempts,I design the current study to examine and compare with ,with the aim of viewing whether a approach to through will improve(研究目).Specifically,the study addresses the following questions(研究内容).Measures in this paper include (研究方法).The findings show that (结论).第49页 摘要Abstract 摘要写作模板3 A report by estimates that (研究背景).In this paper,we propose a approach(研究方法)to by utilizing The goal of this work is to perform an in-depth study of (研究目).In the paper was proposed.In the pilot study,we primarily focused on in settings.Our experimental results show that (研究结果).The results reveal/show/suggest that 第50页 摘要Abstract 摘要写作模板4 Based on the method of (研究方法),the paper focused on/mainly discusses/deal with/describes/reports on/analyzes (研究对象),kernel contents of which include.(研究内容).The object of the present study is to (研究目).The paper emphasizes that The study we have performed demonstrated that (研究结论).第51页 摘要Abstract 摘要写作模板5 This paper defines quantitatively/qualitatively the concept that and analyzes that (研究对象),in order to/with a view to (研究目).Based on the theoretical framework(理论框架)of ,this paper holds that The findings show that (结论).It is also suggested that (建议).第52页 摘要Abstract范例 IT Crisis and Its Crisis Management Abstract:Crises are existent in the enterprise management.With the development of IT and its application in enterprise management,IT industry and the use of IT in enterprises are both faced with unprecedented challenges,thus it is imperative to upgrade and boost the management of IT crises.The management of IT crises has not only the common features and requirements of crisis management but its uniqueness as well.In view of the common principle of crisis management this paper aims to explore software crisis,network crisis and IT application crisis in the development of IT industry and to put forth some countermeasures.Key words:第53页 关键词 Key words 关键词选取 1.从题目中选取。题目是论文最浓缩，最精华总结。2.从摘要中选取。摘要是论文内容最简明概述，包含最主要信息，如：研究方法，结果，数据和结论等。3.从论文中内容选取。选取能反应内容特征和通用性强，为同行所熟知词或词组。第54页关键词 Key words 撰写关键词注意事项 1.关键词普通用名词或名词短语，不用动词。如：crystallize 应改为 crystallization。2.同义词，近义词不能同时作为关键词；化学分子式或数学公式不能用作关键词。3.中英文关键词应该保持一致，英文关键词可采取两种写法，即除专有名词外全部小写形式和关键词中首字母大写。第55页关键词 Key words 撰写关键词注意事项 4.英文关键词能够写为:Key words,Key Words 和 Keywords 5.关键词数量普通在38个词或词组之间，每个词或词组之间用逗号“，”或分号“；”隔开，多数情况下选择用分号隔开，最终一个关键词后不用标点符号。第56页 请选择下述英文论文关键词 IT Crisis and Its Crisis Management Abstract:Crises are existent in the enterprise management.With the development of IT and its application in enterprise management,IT industry and the use of IT in enterprises are both faced with unprecedented challenges,thus it is imperative to upgrade and boost the management of IT crises.The management of IT crises has not only the common features and requirements of crisis management but its uniqueness as well.In view of the common principle of crisis management this paper aims to explore software crisis,network crisis and IT application crisis in the development of IT industry and to put forth some countermeasures.Key words:；第57页正文 Main body 正文包含：Introduction 引言 Materials and Methods 材料与方法 Results and Discussion 结果与讨论 Conclusion 结论 第58页引言 Introduction 引言主要内容 1.介绍课题研究背景，即文件回顾。包含前人研究过程，结果，现实状况以及存在问题和评价。2.点明论文宗旨及研究结果，即介绍课题性质，范围及其意义，强调研究原因和需要处理问题。3.研究过程中所采取方法,试验或新发觉结果,主要性和广泛影响等。4.列出论文主要框架,概述各个部分主要内容。第59页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：背景资料 以下例句中人名分别用A和B代替。The earliest reports of was made in 1931 by A.Several researchers have theoretically investigated A described a technique for The ways that researchers have put forward may be concluded in two sorts.One is The other is The previous work on has indicated that 第60页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：背景资料 以下例句中人名分别用A和B代替。The ways that researchers have put forward may be concluded in two sorts.One is The other is The previous work on has indicated that Based on results,A proposed that The problem under discussion was formulated/raised/posed/brought up/put forward by A.第61页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：相关课题研究与国内外研究关系 Compared with the current research,the previous work was in connection with The work we are doing is closely related to the deliberations described in The new findings from the experiment agree well with the results obtained in 第62页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：相关课题未得到充分研究,认识 While much research has been undertaken on less work has addressed the The data available in literature failed to prove that Despite the recent progress,there is no generally accepted theory concerning has not yet been thoroughly investigated 第63页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：相关课题未得到充分研究,认识 Great progress has been made in this field,but The character of the is not yet very well known The problem as can be seen/as is known is still poorly/inadequate understood.第64页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：相关课题研究不足 However,this method cannot be used to analyze more practical cases in which There are some shortcomings/disadvantages in the use of The main drawback of this type of methods is that The study of gives rise to two main difficulties;one is;and the other is All of the above models ignored 第65页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：相关课题引发关注 Research on has received significant attention in recent years.The problem associated with has for a long time been of interest to investigators.Since then the problem has attracted/fascinated many scientists.第66页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：相关课题引发关注 During the past several years,there has been considerable interest in For this reason,increased attention has been paid in recent years to the use of has undergone a remarkable increase in interest and attention in recent years.第67页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：本文主要目标 The purpose of this paper is The primary goal of this research is The intention of this paper is to survey The overall objective of this study is 第68页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：本文主要目标 In this paper was provided(given,illustrated)Our goal has been to provide In this paper,we aim at The emphasis of this study lies in 第69页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：该项研究主要目标 The chief aim of the present study is to find out The primary object of this fundamental research will be to reveal the cause of The study of was made in order to clarify 第70页引言 Introduction 引言惯用表示：该项研究主要目标 The above study has been carried ou