bb平台答案.doc

Directions: Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Perhaps the most important defining characteristic of a human being is culture. The term culture as used here is not limited to operas, paintings, and other artistic endeavors. These are seen by anthropologists (人类学家) as examples of culture: culture itself is the customary manner in which human groups learn to organize their behavior and thought in relation to their environment. Defined in this manner, culture has three principal aspects: behavioral, perceptual and material. The behavioral component refers to how people act, especially how they interact with each other. In child rearing (养育) , for example, parents and children tend to interact in a relatively patterned fashion. Then there is the manner of perception, the ways people perceive the world. For example, parents have a limited range of ideas about how they should act, and what significance parenthood carries in the scheme of things. Finally, there is the material component of culture — the physical objects that we produce.
Most of what goes into making up culture is a result of learning — modifying behavior in response to experience within an environment. Learning is practically universal among organisms. But no other organism has a greater capacity for learning than a human, or depends as much on learned behavior for its survival.
While the survival of most other organisms is to some extent safeguarded by instincts, humans rely heavily on culture for their survival. People must learn how to live in a particular social and physical setting, biology playing but a minimal (最小限度的) role.
The ideas and modes of behavior that constitute culture are transmitted largely by a complex system of symbols that includes language. Humans have evolved an extremely complex system of communication that is unique to our species. Without it the creation of human culture as we know it would be impossible.

1.What is the definition of culture by anthropologists?

问题 1 答案

C) Behavioral, perceptual and material components interacting with each other.

B) Customary manners of behavior and thought related to the environment.

A) Operas, paintings and may other artistic activities as a whole.

D) The different ways people perceive the physical world.
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2.According to the passage, the behavior of making tools for producing material objects should fall within the category of _________ component of culture.
问题 2 答案
C) material
A) behavioral
D) artistic
B) perceptual
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3.
Learning is most essential for _________.
问题 3 答案

C) human beings to respond to experience within an environment

B) all the organisms to acquire learned behavior

D) human beings to survive and live in a society

A) all the organisms to survive
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4. What’s the element to human culture?
问题 4 答案

B) Biological adaptation to the environment

D) Learning to survive

C) Safeguarding by instincts

A) Communication in language.
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5.

Which of the following statements is True?
问题 5 答案

D) If there were no language communication, humans couldn’t have created the present culture.

A) The capacity for learning can only be observed in human beings.

B) Biology plays an important role in humans’ living in a social and physical setting

C) Human behavior and thought do not have anything to do with culture.

Passage Two
The best kept secret in San Diego is waiting to offer you a delightful getaway — without leaving town.
Less than three years ago, the Parisi Hotel was just an office building above the shops on the corner of Prospect Street. Now, that valuable space is an intimate luxury hotel — with several rooms overlooking the ocean. You’ll be amazed when you enter from the corner and ascend the curving staircase to the second-floor lobby. It will take you into a different world.
What will you find when you enter the large contemporary lobby is a handsome and peaceful space that was designed with a hint of Tuscany in its modern Mediterranean (地中海式的) style. The lobby has a large fireplace with comfortable sofas in warm neutral colors surrounding it. You’ll feel relaxed just sitting there — with its skylight overhead letting in the morning sun.
All the rooms are more like suites (套房), with large comfortable beds, beautiful baths and stylish custom-designed furnishings and art throughout.
The Parisi Hotel is the perfect place for seniors because it’s quiet and restful — with only 20 rooms. You won’t find many hotels like this in the center of a tourist town.
The shops are all around you. Likewise for some of the city’s best restaurants, you will never have to take your car out of the garage during your stay. And, by the way, the underground parking lot at the Parisi Hotel is free for hotel guests.
Once you stay at this little gem (珍品), you’ll want to return again and again. I know we do. It’s a perfect place for seniors.
Rates for standard suites begin at $275. You can call the hotel for reservation at [phone]. The Parisi Hotel is located at 1111 Prospect St. right across from La Valencia.

1.
The Parisi Hotel is described as _________.

问题 1 答案

B) a large hotel famous for its rooms facing the ocean

D) a tourist attraction full of amazing corners

A) a luxury hotel with comfortable facilities

C) a good place for escaping away from the noisy city

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2.When you enter the lobby, you will find that ________.
问题 2 答案

A) it is decorated with Mediterranean furniture

C) there is a large fireplace burning all the time

B) the walls are painted in warm neutral bright colors

D) sunlight comes through the window in the sloping roof
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3.
Why is the Parisi Hotel suitable for old people?
问题 3 答案

A) Because all the rooms are like suites.
B) Because it has fashionable furnishings

C) Because it is in the center of the town.

D) Because it is peaceful to stay there.
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4.What special benefit can people get while staying in the Parisi Hotel
问题 4 答案

C) They can buy things cheaper in nearby shops.

B) They can enjoy free parking.

D) They can make a reservation by phone.

A) They don’t need to drive to eat out in a restaurant.

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5.
Which of the following statements is True?
问题 5 答案

A) The Parisi Hotel is a small restful hotel.

C) The Parisi Hotel is in a secret place in San Diego.

B) Most guests staying the hotel are old people.
D) You must make a reservation before entering the hotel

Bombay wasn’t the ideal place to get sick — not when my doctor, family and friends were half a world away. I was alone, quite ill and had to delay my flight home. Luckily, when booking my ticket months before, I had bought travel insurance. So my illness didn’t cost me a cent.

It’s actually pretty simple. A lot of unforeseen things can happen to you when you’re traveling. Make sure you’re prepared for all of them.

A good health insurance policy will get you proper medical attention anywhere in the world outside your home province — at the insurance company’s expense. The company will send you home if it is considered medically necessary and, if you’re sick enough, it will send a nurse to accompany you. If you end up in a hospital and a doctor recommends that a family member come to your bedside, the insurance company will pay for it. You may even get pocket money to make your hospital stay more comfortable.

When I was sick in Bombay, I called the insurance company collect. It paid for a doctor (who came to my hotel room), all my medication, an extra night in the hotel and all my meals.

Picture it: the day before your big trip to Vancouver, you wake up with appendicitis (阑尾炎). You have no choice — you have to cancel your trip. Your ticket, like most, is non-refundable and you can’t make any changes. You’re about to lose all the money you put out for the ticket — unless you bought cancellation insurance beforehand.

Most travel plans include some form of non-refundable element: your deposit, your flights, your cruise, your stay at the all-inclusive resort. That non-refundable portion is what you’ll lose if you have to cancel your trip in the event that you get sick and you don’t have cancellation insurance.

1. What happened to the author when he was in Bombay?
问题 1 答案

B) He didn’t buy travel insurance.

D) He couldn’t get in touch with his family and friends.
A) He fell ill and couldn’t go home as scheduled

C) He spent a lot of money on curing his illness.
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With a health insurance policy, if you get sick traveling away from home, _________.
问题 2 答案

D) you may get a nurse from the insurance company to take care of you

A) you may get pocket money from the local hospital you are in

C) you may choose to stay in the best local hospital

B) your family members may go to see you at the insurance company’s expense

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3.
Which item was paid by the insurance company when the author was ill in Bombay?

问题 3 答案
C) All his meals at his hotel

D) His travel insurance policy.

A) His trip to Bombay

B) All his hotel rates.
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4.
With cancellation insurance, you can _________.
问题 4 答案

B) get your money back when canceling your travel ticket

C) enjoy a reduced rate of travel expense

D) buy a refundable ticket at the ticket office

A) have a choice where to go and where to stay
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5.
From the passage we may say that _________.
问题 5 答案

B) a cancellation insurance policy can make your trip safe and comfortable

D) travel insurance is strongly recommended when you travel away from home

A) a health insurance policy is more useful than a cancellation insurance policy

C) when you get sick while traveling away from home, you’d better buy a health insurance

Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, " says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Neward. " But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. "
　　A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
1.Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward____

问题 1 答案
C. the study of relationship between actions and their consequences

D. the effects of external rewards on students performance
B. the amount of monetary rewards for student creativity
A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
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2.What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
问题 2 答案
C. They approve of them.
B. They have doubts about them
D. They avoid talking about them
A. They have no doubts about them
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3. Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?

问题 3 答案

D. Giving them rewards they anticipate.
C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.
A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before
B. Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
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4. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ____

问题 4 答案
B. punishment is more effective than rewarding

D. discouraging the students’ anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
C. failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
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5. The phrase " token economies " (Line 1, Para. 5) probably refers to _____.
问题 5 答案

D. methods of improving performance
A. ways to develop economy
C. approaches to solving problems
B. systems of rewarding students

In the evolution of mammals from reptiles(爬行动物), there was a succession of physical changes: the development of warm blood, body hair instead of scales, and the beginning of the nursing of the young. This radical physical transformation provided mammals with a greater tolerance for external temperature and required reliance on specialized food types. When the dominant dinosaurs（恐龙）became extinct, the Age of Mammals began. For the rest 60 million years mammals expanded into the biological vacuum which they were better equipped to exploit than all but a few varieties of reptiles.
The habitat of life forms on earth has been the entire planet, conveniently dividing the world into the birds of the air, the fish of the sea, and the creatures of the land. The evolutionary process also created sea-dwelling mammals who appeared to reverse the process of evolution a