被动语态表格.doc

被动语态
1. Why：1.2.3
2. What and When：“被”“由”
3. How：八大时态和情态动词的被动语态
4. How :1.译“被”“由”，2时态人称和数
5. 结构：Be动词的相应时态+过去分词done

常用被动语态
构成
例句
1
一般现在时
am/is/are done
English is spoken by many country.
2
一般过去时
was/were done
English was spoken by many country.
3
现在进行时
am/is/are being done
English is being spoken by many country.
4
过去进行时
was/were being done
English was being spoken by many country.
5
现在完成时
have/has been done
English has been spoken by many country.
6
过去完成时
had been done
English had been spoken by many country.
7
一般将来时
shall/will be done
be going to be done
English will be spoken by many country.
8
过去将来时
should/would be done
was/were going to be done
English would be spoken by many country.
9
情态动词
Can/may/must+be +done
English can be spoken by many country.
主动语态变被动语态
Many people speak English.
1. 将主句中的宾语变被动语态主语，如果是代词将代词宾格变主格，2.将主句中主语变被动语态中宾语用by引导，如果主语时代词由主格变宾格。3.谓语动词变被动语态形式。
注意事项：
1. 接双宾语的短语被动语态变法: ask sb sth, give sb sth.区分哪个是间接宾语，哪个是直接宾语。
He gives me a book.
I am given a book by him.
A book is given to me by him.
2. 原词组中省略To的短语被动语态要恢复to. Help sb do, watch sb do, hear sb do. Notice sb do.let sb do, make sb do.
I saw him help the child.
He was seen to help the child.
3. 主动表被动的词： 当主语是物，谓语动词时 open， write，read， sell，clean，wash, cut, burn, drive.用主动表示被动。
This kind of shirt sells well.
4. 感官动词无被动： look, feel, taste, sound, smell
5. Want /need/require+doing相当于 want/need/require to be done. To be done表示的是不定时的被动语态。
This watch need to be repaired=This watch need repairing.
6. 当主句的主语是反身代词 或each other 时，不用被动语态。
7. 当 主句的宾语是不定时或doing 的形式时，不用被动语态。
My mother enjoys doing housework.
8. 常见的无被动的词： happen， take place, last(持续)， take off.