英语阅读理解技巧事实细节题省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语阅读了解技巧英语阅读了解技巧(事实细节题事实细节题)Strategies for Questions of Details in Reading Comprehension第1页Instructional objectives:1.Know about the requirements of reading comprehension in the NEMT2.Learn different question types.3.Learn the strategies(策略策略)of details in reading comprehension and thus summarize them.4.Tell the right answers from distracters(干扰项干扰项)Emotional Goals:Enforce your solution ability by practicing more第2页Requirements of reading comprehension in the NEMT高考纲领之阅读考查考生阅读了解不一样文体语篇能力，如书、报、考查考生阅读了解不一样文体语篇能力，如书、报、杂志、网络中关于普通性话题文字材料以及公告、杂志、网络中关于普通性话题文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词量不超出说明、广告等（生词量不超出3 3），并能从中获），并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：取相关信息。考生应能：、了解主旨和要义；、了解主旨和要义；、获取详细信息；、获取详细信息；、依据语境猜测词义；、依据语境猜测词义；、依据语境推理判断；、依据语境推理判断；、了解作者意图、观点或态度；、了解作者意图、观点或态度；、把握文章逻辑和结构、把握文章逻辑和结构。第3页重庆高考重庆高考细节题细节题近近5年概况：年概况：6题题12分分8题题16分分6题题12分分6题题12分分7题题14分分12-16 scores 33%第4页细节题类细节题类型型1 wh1 wh细节题细节题2 2 是非题是非题3 3 排序题排序题4 4 图表题图表题5 5 计算题计算题6 6 其它题其它题 Question types：第5页Question type 1:Wh-Question type 1:Wh-细节题细节题 即以即以_、_、_、_、_、_、_等疑问词开头提等疑问词开头提问短文详细内容。问短文详细内容。whatwhatwhowhowhenwhenwherewherehowhowwhywhy1.概念whichwhichStep第6页2Wh细节题常见考题形式有：细节题常见考题形式有：How/When/Whydidsomethinghappen?Whichofthefollowingshouldpeopledoit?Whereshouldsomebodydosomething?-Accordingtothetext/Fromthetext,why/when/where/how/what/who.?.第7页1）先读题。找准问题中）先读题。找准问题中关键词关键词，利用信息定，利用信息定位，利用位，利用略读和查读略读和查读技巧快速在文章中寻找相技巧快速在文章中寻找相关出处。关出处。2）对比对比所找信息中所找所找信息中所找词汇词汇，进行变通，即，进行变通，即有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。3 3 解题方法和步骤：解题方法和步骤：第8页1)Notlongago,mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdietnottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.Q:Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?A.TotakespecialkindsoffoodB.Torespondtoclimatechange.C.ToloseweightD.Toimprovetheirhealth近近义义词词because,due to.to dobecause,due to.to do4Practice就近标准：不推比推好，推得近比推得远好第9页2)(湖北E篇)Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.Q:Howdopeopleofhigherincomeseetheirfuture?A.Theywillearnlessmoney.B.Theywillbecomepessimistic.C.Theywillsuffermentalillness.D.Theywillhavelesstimetoenjoylife.词性改变high/low incomehigh/low income就近标准：不推比推好，推得近比推得远好第10页3)(全国卷C篇)LastnightIwasdrivingfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg，distanceofabouteightymiles.Itwaslate.SeveraltimesIgotstuckbehindaslow-movingtruckonanarrowroadwithasolidwhitelineonmyleft,andIbecameincreasinglyimpatient.Q:Whydidtheauthorgetimpatientwhiledriving?A.Hewaslonelyontheroad.B.Hewassloweddownbyatruck.C.Hegottiredofdrivingtoolong.D.Hecameacrosstoomanytrafficlights.语言简化/归纳总结patient,patience.patient,patience.第11页1）先读题。找准问题中）先读题。找准问题中关键词关键词，利用信息定，利用信息定位，利用位，利用略读和查读略读和查读技巧快速在文章中寻找相技巧快速在文章中寻找相关住处。关住处。2）对比对比所找信息中所找所找信息中所找词汇词汇，进行变通，即，进行变通，即有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。4 4 请利用刚才技巧分组练习请利用刚才技巧分组练习第12页正确选项特点与概括正确选项特点与概括:(事实细节题考点)_把原文中一些词换成把原文中一些词换成近义词近义词,反义词等。反义词等。_把原文中一些把原文中一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子语态，给考生制造障碍语态，给考生制造障碍。_把原文中复杂把原文中复杂语言现象进行简化，长话短说，成为正确语言现象进行简化，长话短说，成为正确答案。答案。替换关键词替换关键词词性或者语态改变词性或者语态改变语言简化语言简化/总结归纳总结归纳第13页1)、（、（辽宁辽宁A篇）篇）YetsincemyarrivalinBeijinglastyear,Ivefoundtheoppositeistrue.Therearemillionsofcars.However,peoplestillusetheirbicyclestogetaround.Formany,itstheeasiestandcheapestwaytotraveltoday.Bicyclesalsocomeindifferentcolors-silver,green,red,blue,yellow,whateveryouwant.Q:Accordingtotheauthor,whyarebicyclesstillpopularinChinatoday?A.Becausetheyaretraditionalandsafe.B.Becausetheyareconvenientandinexpensive.C.Becausetheyarecolorfulandavailable.D.Becausetheyarefastandenvironmentfriendly.近义词第14页2)(重庆高考C篇)TheoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredininSlovenia.Itisover5,100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidntbecomepopularforawhile,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.64.Whatmightexplainwhytransportwheelsdidntbecomepopularforsometime?A.Fewknewhowtousetransportwheels.B.Humanscarriedfarmingtoolsjustaswell.C.Animalswereagoodmeansoftransport.D.Theexistenceoftransportwheelswasnotknown.语言简化/归纳总结第15页3）(山东A篇)Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblemtheirphosphate磷酸盐wasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By,Nauruwasfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.59.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNaurusfinancialproblem?A.ItsleadersmisusedthemoneyB.ItspenttoomuchrepairingtheislandC.Itsphosphate(磷酸盐)miningcostmuchmoneyD.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.语言简化economy,money,cost,expenses第16页4)(全国)SoftwareTrainerIfyouareaged24-45andhaveexperienceinteachingandtraining,youcouldbethepersonwearelookingfor.Youshouldbegoodatthecomputerandhavesomeexperienceinprogrammewriting.Youwillbeallowedtomakeyouowndecisions,andtodesigncoursesaswellaspresentthem.Payupwardsof15,000poundsfortherightperson.PleaseapplybysendingyouCV(简历)toMrs.R.Lglivie,PalmlaceLimited.第17页Q:WhatkindofpersonwouldprobablyapplytoPalmlaceLimited?A.OnewithGCSEgradeClevel.B.Onewithsomeofficeexperience.C.Onehavinggoodcomputerknowledge.D.Onetrainedinproducingmusicprogramme.无中生有无中生有正误并存第18页1常见设问方式：三对一错或三错一对1）Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?2)Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept_.3)Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof.?4)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?Step是非题第19页_。即把选项内容和原文。即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排句意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。队解答。项。项。2 2 解题方法：解题方法：原文定位法原文定位法第20页Enlisted（征募）inthearmyin1997,Liuwasanexperiencedpilotwith1,680hoursofflyingexperienceandthedeputyheadofaflightunitofthePLAsAirForcebeforebeingenlistedintoChinassecondgroupofprospectiveastronautsinMay.Sheisnowanairforcemajor.3Practice第21页Q:WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutLiuYangfromthepassage?A.LiuoncewasheadofaflightunitofthePLAsAirForce.B.Liuhasbecomeanairforcemajorin1997.C.ShewasenlistedintoChinassecondgroupofprospectiveastronautsin.D.AfterthreeyearsoftrainingLiuwasselectedasacandidate.删减细节/缩小范围正误并存nownow第22页_显著不是文章信息，与文中事实相反或不符4 干扰项特点干扰项特点正误并存正误并存扩大扩大(缩小缩小)范围范围偷换概念偷换概念以偏概全以偏概全无中生有无中生有_信息部分正确，部分错误 _是原文信息，但有意增加或降低细节_符合常识，但不是文章内容_与原句内容极为相同，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动_是原文信息，但不是题干要求内容答非所问答非所问第23页1）(广东C篇)Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.5分组练习第24页Q:WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.以偏概全Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.第25页 有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词说法，把中加些夸大其词说法，把“大约大约”说成说成“绝对，必定绝对，必定”(要留心选项要留心选项中诸如中诸如all,absolutely,only,never,never,completely,definitely等等词词)，把抽象说成详细，或者把人，把抽象说成详细，或者把人名、地名、时间等名、地名、时间等张冠李戴张冠李戴，误串，误串起来，从而组成形是实非干扰项。起来，从而组成形是实非干扰项。注意注意“陷阱陷阱”：第26页2)(河南质检)Itiseasytofindorganicmulch(覆盖)materials.Cut-upleavesandsmallpiecesoftreebarkcanbeused.Grasscuttingsarealsoagoodmulchforplants.Mulchfromnewspapersworkswellincontrollingweeds.4.ThefollowingcanbeusedasorganicmaterialstomakemulchEXCEPT_.A.TreebarksB.cut-upleavesC.grasscuttingsD.plastic第27页3(山西高三质检)Traditionally,peoplehavedrunkbottledwatertohealthreasons.Thepracticeof“takingthewaters”originatedwiththeRoans,whobelievedthatapersondevelopedahealthymindbybuildingahealthybody.AcrossEurope,drinkingorbathinginmineralwaterhasbeenassociatedwithpowertocurevariousdiseases.第28页Q:WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?ABottledwaterwasoncedrunkbothbytherichandthepoor.B.Bottledwatersaleshaverisen,foritscheaperthantapwater.C.Europeansbelievedinthepoweroftreatmentofmineralwater.D.Americanshavehadthehabitofdrinkingbottledwaterforlong.词性转化无中生有AcrossEurope,drinkingorbathinginmineralwaterhasbeenassociatedwithpowertocurevariousdiseases.第29页4)(合肥质检)Thenewtechnologyhasproducedvariousoptionsforstudents.CollegeBooksellers,whichoperates636campusbookstoresnationwide,isnowmarketingitsnewsoftwareapplication,whichallowsstudentstoreade-textbooksonPCs.Thecompanyintroducedthefreeapplicationlastsummerinthehopeofattractingmorestudentstobuyitselectronictextbooks.“Nowthebiggestbarrierisgettingthemtotryit.”saidthecompanysvicepresident.第30页Q:WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothisparagraph?A.CollegeBooksellersoperatesmorethan600bookstoresincampus.B.Thefreeapplicationwasintroducedtoincreasesalesofelctronictextbooks.C.Campusstudentsnowfancyatryofthefreesoftwareapplication.D.Thecompanysmanagementstillhastodomoretosellthee-textbooks.wantNowthebiggestbarrierisgettingthemtotryit第31页summaryWh-细节题解题方法1 1 找题干中关键词，用略读和查读方法锁定出处。找题干中关键词，用略读和查读方法锁定出处。2 2 对比词汇，仔细分析题干和原文共同点和差异。对比词汇，仔细分析题干和原文共同点和差异。是非题解题方法：原文定位法第32页正确选项正确选项特征特征替换关键词替换关键词词性改变词性改变语言简化语言简化/总结归纳总结归纳第33页错错误选项误选项特征特征1 1 正误并存正误并存2 2 扩大扩大/缩小范围缩小范围3 3 无中生有无中生有4 4 以偏概全以偏概全5 5 偷换概念偷换概念6 6 答非所问答非所问 第34页做阅读了解细节题，除了掌握技巧以外，最主要是要有足够词汇量，辅以语法知识，认真分析，仔细思索，才能得高分。不然，只是舍本逐末。第35页Practice makes perfect!Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!May you succeed in your studies!第36页事实细节题解题技巧事实细节题解题技巧1.1.若针对特殊标点符号若针对特殊标点符号,举例子举例子,名人名言出题名人名言出题,只只需要阅读符号，例子需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后内容，然后与选项名言前后内容，然后与选项查对。查对。2.2.在出现一些关键词，如在出现一些关键词，如howeverhowever、butbut、moreovermoreover、thereforetherefore、thusthus时，要尤其注意句子前后意义转时，要尤其注意句子前后意义转折，递进，因果等关系。折，递进，因果等关系。3.3.细节题答案普通是同义替换项或者同义转换项细节题答案普通是同义替换项或者同义转换项summary第37页4.4.选项中有绝对语气词普通不是答案。如：选项中有绝对语气词普通不是答案。如：must,must,never,the most,all,merely,only,have to,never,the most,all,merely,only,have to,any,no,completely,none,any,no,completely,none,等。但不是绝对，也有等。但不是绝对，也有例外。例外。5.5.注意选项中副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否注意选项中副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如：一致。如：must,may,often,should,usually,must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,more or less,likely,all,nevermight,most,more or less,likely,all,never，few few 等存在程度不一样，经常被偷换，往往被忽略。等存在程度不一样，经常被偷换，往往被忽略。6.6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容二分之一相符，二分之一不一样；叙述过于绝对化；二分之一相符，二分之一不一样；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及原文没有提及.第38页解题方法：首尾定位法解题方法：首尾定位法+排除法排除法即：先找出最先发生事和最终发生事，经即：先找出最先发生事和最终发生事，经过排除法快速缩小范围，从而快速选出过排除法快速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确答案。正确答案。Questiontype1:排序题排序题第39页B篇Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess.Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.However,itwasntallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomes,whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalswerejustopposite.Forexample,whenacatturnsitsheadawayitsignalsaggression,whileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehaviour.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachotherslanguage.ItisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalkDog,anddogscanlearnhowtotalkCat.Whatsinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearnhowtoreadeachothersbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwepreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachotherspresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,andenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom(梳理)eachother.Thesignificanceoftheresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpetstopeoplewhodontgetalong,includingneighbors,colleaguesatwork,andevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong,surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.第40页32.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen_.A.theyarecoldtoeachotherB.theylookawayfromeachotherC.theymisunderstoodeachotherssignalsD.theyareintroducedatanearlyage33.Whatisfoundsurprisingaboutcatsanddogs?A.Theyeatandsleepeachother.B.Theyobserveeachothersbehaviors.C.Theylearntospeakeachotherslanguage.D.Theyknowsomethingfromeachothersvoices.第41页34.ItissuggestedinParagraph4thatcatsanddogs_A.havecommoninterestsB.arelessdifferentthanwasthoughtC.haveacommonbodylanguageD.arelessintelligentthanwasexpected_第42页A26Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.第一段第一段细节归纳_ _it makes them happy第43页A27Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydontgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwerebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthatsinthem.第二段第二段_转折处常考转折处常考因果关系处常考因果关系处常考第44页A29Sometimessituationscallforustoactstrongandbraveevenwhenwedontfeelthatway.Butthosearefewandfarbetween.Moreoften,itwouldbebetterifwedontpretendwefeelstrongwhenwefeelweakorpretendthatwearebravewhenwearescared.第六段第六段_第45页A28WhenIputonmyflashlights,Iwassayingtootherdrivers,“Ihaveaproblemhere.IamweakanddoingthebestIcan.”Andeveryoneunderstood.Severaltimes,Isawdriverswhowantedtopass.Theycouldntgetaroundmebecauseofthestreamofpassingtraffic.Butinsteadofgettingimpatientandangry,theywaited,knowingthedriverinfrontofthemwasinsomewayweak.第五段第五段_转折处常考转折处常考_第46页The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in inSlovenia.Itisover5,100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheels for transport didnt become popular for a while,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.64.Whatmightexplainwhytransportwheelsdidntbecomepopularforsometime?A.Fewknewhowtousetransportwheels.B.Humanscarriedfarmingtoolsjustaswell.C.Animalswereagoodmeansoftransport.D.Theexistenceoftransportwheelswasnotknown.【解析】依据文章第二段最终一句话Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround可知运输轮子很长时间没有流行一个原因可能是动物充当了很好交通工具。第47页 In1988,TanniwenttoherfirstParalympicGamesinSeoul.Shewonbronzeinthe400metres.Even greater success followed at the1992Barcelona.Paralympics.Tanniwongoldin the 100,200,400 and 800 metres relay,settingtwoworldrecordsintheprocess.时间时间57.WhendidTanniwinherfirstOlympicgoldmedal?A.In1984.B.In1988.C.In1992.D.In第48页事实细节题考查六大信息事实细节题干惯用事实细节题干惯用when,where,who,why,what 和和 how 等提问或要求用这类信息补全等提问或要求用这类信息补全句子，考查对应六大信息内容，即句子，考查对应六大信息内容，即 _、_、_、_、_和和 _。时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式 summary第49页1.According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正三误一正）3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误三正一误）4 The author(or the passage)states that_.5.常见设题方式：常见设题方式：第50页 题干设计经常避开原文中所用词汇，而用其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。设题特点：设题特点：第51页解题技巧与策略第一步：略读题干(Skimming)首先，快速浏览每道试题题干(即问题)。第二步：通读全文(Scanning)浏览了题干与选项之后，要带着“问题”通读全文。第三步：研读攻关(Close-reading)注意对信息进行注意对信息进行综合分析综合分析，分清主次、真伪分清主次、真伪，防止受信息干扰，陷入高考题所设下防止受信息干扰，陷入高考题所设下“陷阱陷阱”，学会，学会“排除排除”干扰项。干扰项。第52页(NewYork)AFrenchtouristhighlypraisedfor