英语中主谓一致的用法省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语中主谓一致使用方英语中主谓一致使用方法法第1页主谓一致定义主谓一致定义主谓一致是指主谓一致是指谓语谓语在在人称人称和和数数上必须和上必须和主主语语人称人称和和数保持一致数保持一致。这是英语语法中必。这是英语语法中必须遵照基本规则，也是英语和汉语区分很须遵照基本规则，也是英语和汉语区分很大地方。大地方。第2页主谓一致三大标准主谓一致三大标准一、语法一致标准一、语法一致标准二、意义一致标准二、意义一致标准三、就近标准三、就近标准第3页一一、语法一致标准语法一致标准主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词也主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词也用单数形式；用单数形式；主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数形主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数形式。式。I often help him and he often helps me.We often help each other.第4页二、意义一致二、意义一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数；语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。The crowd were surrounding the government official.Maths is hard to learn.第5页三、就近标准三、就近标准就近标准即谓语动词单复数形式取决于最就近标准即谓语动词单复数形式取决于最靠近它主语。靠近它主语。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.第6页主谓一致详细应用主谓一致详细应用一、单数形式名词与谓语动词一致一、单数形式名词与谓语动词一致二、复数形式名词与谓语动词一致二、复数形式名词与谓语动词一致三、并列主语与动词一致三、并列主语与动词一致四、四、“单数形式名词单数形式名词+with/as well as+名词名词”结结构与动词一致构与动词一致五、五、“表部分名词表部分名词+of+名词名词”结构与动词一致结构与动词一致六、短语、从句或句子作主语与动词一致六、短语、从句或句子作主语与动词一致七、名词化形容词和过去分词作主语与动词七、名词化形容词和过去分词作主语与动词一致一致八、代词与动词一致八、代词与动词一致九、数词与动词一致九、数词与动词一致第7页一、单数形式名词与谓语动词一、单数形式名词与谓语动词一致之一致之单形集体名词单形集体名词1.单形集体名词被视为一个整体时，用作单数名词Our family has a reunion every year.2.单形集体名词被视为若干个体时，则要求复数动词His family are waiting for him.3.有些单形集体名词，即所谓“群体名词”，如police，cattle等，要求复数动词The police have caught the murderer.第8页单数形式名词与谓语动词一致之单数形式名词与谓语动词一致之“more than”1.“More than one+单形名词”结构虽有复念，但习惯上多用单数谓语More than one question was asked.2.“more+复形名词+than one”多要求复数动词More members than one have protested against the proposal.3.“a+单形名词+or two”结构多要求单数动词A servant or two or three was to accompany them.4.“one or two+复形名词”结构要求复数动词One or two reasons were suggested.5.“many a+单形名词”结构要求单数动词Many a fine man has died in the battle.第9页单数形式名词与谓语动词一致之单数形式名词与谓语动词一致之“两个形容词两个形容词+一个单形名词一个单形名词”在“两个形容词+一个单形名词”结构中，单数名词如有复念（即代表两个事物），则用复数动词The red and the white rose are both beautiful.English and French grammar are not very difficult to learn.第10页二、复数形式名词与谓语动词一二、复数形式名词与谓语动词一致致复形名词（大多以复形名词（大多以s结尾）在句中作主语通常结尾）在句中作主语通常要求谓语复数动词，详细应用要注意以下几点：要求谓语复数动词，详细应用要注意以下几点：第11页1.含双数概念复形名词要求复数动词Are your kitchen scales(天平)accurate?2.含复数概念复形名词要求复数动词The customs(关税)were paid.My funds(资金)are a bit low at present.3.含单数概念复形名词要求用单数动词His works(工厂)is rather small.4.表时间，距离，钱额复数名词用单数动词Ten years is a moment in history.Ten thousand dollars is a large sum.5.外来复形名词要求用单数动词This data is very interesting.第12页6.以-ics结尾表学科复形名词要求用单数动词Politics(政治)is often a topic for discussion.Statistics(统计学)is a principal course at the business school.注意：这类名词用于表示详细、实际内容时，则往往要求复数动词。What are your politics(政治观点)?Statistics(统计数字)prove nothing in this case.第13页7.以-s结尾一些表疾病复形名词要求用单数动词German measles(风疹)is a dangerous disease for pregnant women.8.有些复形名词既可用单数动词也可用复数动词Where is/are your manners(礼貌)?9.复形书名普通要求用单数动词The Newcomers新来人们 is one of Thackerays finest books.第14页三、并列主语与动词一致三、并列主语与动词一致并列主语是指主语为并列主语是指主语为and、or等并等并列词连接名词作主语，其谓语单复数要看列词连接名词作主语，其谓语单复数要看情况而定，详细使用方法以下：情况而定，详细使用方法以下：第15页1.当“名词+and+名词”结构表示一个事物或一个概念时，应用单数动词Fish and chips(炸鱼土豆片)is a popular supper.The poet and writer(诗人兼作家)has come.注意：有时并列主语用单数或复数动词都可Time and tide(岁月)wait/waits for no man.第16页2.“each/every/no+单形名词+each/every/no+单形名词”结构要求单数动词Every hour and every minute(每一小时，每一分钟)is important.3.“名词/代词+or+名词/代词”结构应依据or后名词/代词确定单/复数动词He or I(他或是我)am in the wrong.He or his brothers(他或他弟兄们)were to blame.4.“either+名词+or+名词”结构应依据or后名词/代词确定单/复数动词Either the shirts or the sweater(这些衬衣，要不就是这件毛衣)is a good buy.第17页5.“not only+名词+but(also)+名词”结构要求动词应与but(also)后名词一致Not only the students but also their teacher(不但是学生，他们老师也)is enjoying the film.6.“neither+名词+nor+名词”结构要求动词与nor后面名词一致Neither you nor your brother(你和人你弟兄都不)is in fault.Neither he nor they(你和他们都不)are mistaken.7.“there be”结构动词应与最靠近它名词单复数一致。There is a desk and some chairs in the room.There are some chairs and a desk in the room.第18页四、四、“单数形式名词单数形式名词+with/as well as+名词名词”结构与动词一致结构与动词一致“名词+介词或介词短语with/together with /along with/including/except/besides/as well as/added to+名词”结构作主语，谓语普通与第一个名词一致。A teacher,with his students,is seeing a film.I as well as they am ready to help.第19页五、五、“表部分名词表部分名词+of+名词名词”结构与动结构与动词一致词一致1.“one of+复形名词”结构后定语从句要求谓语动词应用复数；但当“one of”前有限定词如the、the only、the very等修饰时，结构后定语从句要求谓语动词应用与one一致，用单数谓语。This is one of the best books that have appeared.She is the one of those women who doesnt know a thing about furniture.第20页2.“a pair of+复形名词”结构多要求用单数谓语，但“复数名词+of a/this/that pair”结构多用复数谓语。A pair of gloves(一双手套)is a nice present.Socks of this pair(这双袜子)are different in size.3.“(a)part of+名词”结构中，若名词为单形，普通要求用单数动词，若名词为复形，则复数动词。(A)part of the story(故事一部分)is not true.A part of the apples(部分苹果)are bad.第21页4.“a group(一组)/crowd(人群)/flock(一群)/file(一列)of+复形名词”结构可用单数动词，也可用复数动词。前者强调整体，后者强调各个组成部分。This group of students(这一组学生)is to be sent to Italy.This group of students(这组学生都)are to be sent to Italy.第22页5.“a number of/numbers of+复形名词”结构应用复数动词；而“the number of+复形名词”结构应用单数动词。A large number of people(许多人)have come to see the exhibition.The number of the chairs(椅子数量)in the room is ten.第23页6.“an average/total of+复形名词”结构应用复数动词；而“the average/total of+复形名词”结构应用单数动词。An average of 3000 letters(平均3000封信)a month are received by the newspapers office.A total of 3000 letters(总共3000封信)were received last month.The average of letters(信件平均数)received each month is 3000.The total of letters(信件总数)received last month was 3000.第24页7.“a lot/mass/heap/plentyof+名词”结构要求谓语动词与of后名词单复数一致。A mass of people were seen working there.A lot of money is spent on travel.8.“a large quantity of+不可数名词或复数名词”、“a large amount of+不可数名词”结构要求单数谓语动词；“large quantities of+不可数名词或复数名词”、“large amounts of+不可数名词”结构要求复数动词。A large quantity of students is coming.Large amounts of water are wasted.第25页9.“this/that/a/what kind of+名词”结构要求单数动词；而“these/those kind of+名词”、“these/those/what kinds of+名词”结构多要求复数动词。This kind of apple(这种苹果)is sour.These kind of apple(s)(这些苹果)are sour.What kind of apple(哪种苹果)is sour?What kinds of apple(哪些种类苹果)are sour?These kinds of apple(s)(这些种类苹果)are sour.第26页10.“most/百分数/分数/the rest/the remainder+of+名词”结构要求动词与of后面名词单复数一致。The rest of the story(故事其余部分)needs no telling.He stayed in the classroom and the rest of the boys(其它男孩们)were out at play.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth(地球表面四分之三)is sea.Three-fourths of the people(四分之三人)were illiterate.Most of his time(他大部分时间)is spent on traveling.Most of his students(他大部分学生)like him.第27页11.“worth of+名词”结构不论名词是单形还是复形，普通皆要求用单数动词，与worth一致。The worth of this painting(这幅画价值)is estimated at a half million dollars.The worth(价值)of men like Galileo is not always understood while they are alive.注意：当worth表示金额时，其后动词往往与其前表金额名词数形一致。Thousands of pounds worth(以千镑计数额)of damage have been done to the apple crop.第28页六、短语、从句或句子作主语与动词一短语、从句或句子作主语与动词一致致短语、从句或句子作主语时，普通要求用单数动词。No news is good news.(no news 为名词短语)Childrens interfering in their parents right to remarry has become a social problem.(主语为一动名词复合结构)That he likes Mary is known to many of his friends.(主语为一名词性从句)“How do you do?”is not a question but a greeting.(主语是一句子)第29页注意：主语为what 引导主语从句时，谓语动词应与从句所指代内容单复念一致。What he says(他所说)is not important.What I want(我所需要)are details.当what 引导主语从句中谓语为复数时，全句谓语动词也应是复数。What make the river more beautiful are the flowers growing in the water.第30页七、名词化形容词和过去分词作主语与名词化形容词和过去分词作主语与动词一致动词一致名词化形容词和过去分词作主语与动词一致应取决于主语数念。主语如表单念，就用单数动词；主语如表复念，就用复数动词。详细以下：第31页1.主语表单念，谓语用单数。The true(真实，表单念)is to be distinguished from the false.The accused(被告，表单念)was released.2.主语表复念，谓语用复数。The poor(穷人，表一类人)are looked down upon by the rich.3.名词化形容词或过去分词为复数形式，谓语用复数。The newlyweds(新婚夫妇，本身为复形)are now spending their honeymoon abroad.第32页八、代词与动词一致代词与动词一致1.all/some/any/most用作主语时，随其数念用单数或复数动词。All(事情，单念)is ready and all(人，复念)are here.I dont think any is left.我认为没什么剩下。I dont think any of them(他们中没人)have seen her.Most of the building was destroyed but most were saved.第33页2.“each of+复形名词”结构要求单数动词，但“复形名词+each”结构要求复数动词。Each of the jobs(每一份工作)was planned by Billy.we each(我们每个人)have a copy of this dictionary.第34页3.every和everyone 普通要求用单数谓语；either普通要求用单数谓语，但在非正式文体中,“either of+复形名/代词”结构可用复数动词。Either method(任一个方法)is practical.Either of them(他们中任一人)are/is enough to drive me mad.第35页4.Many 之后通常需用复数谓语，但在manys(was)the time/thing(that)这一固定结构中应用单数谓语。Manys the time(很屡次)(that)Ive thought of leaving.Many was the time(很屡次)I ate at that restaurant.第36页5.neither/none 可用单数或复数动词Neither of the books is/are satisfactory.None of us know/knows for certain.6.疑问代词what作主语时，谓语与其所含数念一致。当说话人不确知what数念或不强调数念时，应用单数动词。Whats on the table?桌上是什么？What are on the table?桌上是些什么？Whats in the sky?天上是什么？第37页九、数词与动词一致数词与动词一致1.语法一致Two and two are four.(主语是Two and two)Four from seven is three.(主语为four)Three times one is three.(主语为three,times被看成介词)261 divided by 9 equals 29.(261是主语)第38页2.意念一致Two and two is four.(将主语two and two 看成一个数目，故谓语单数)One half of the worlds population are Asians.(集体名词population在此指组员)第39页即学即练即学即练1.Large quantities of water _every day here while it is in great need in some faraway area.A.are being wasted B.is wasted C.have been wasted D.was wasted A第40页2.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report yesterday.A.are B.have been C.was D.were3.Zhangs family _ rather big and his family _ fond of music.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;areCA第41页4._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifths;are C.Two fifth;are D.Two fifths;is5.Since then the number of people taking driving lessons _ 20%.A.has increased to B.increased by C.has increased by D.have increased byDC第42页6.Although many of the houses in the small town _ still in need of repair,there _lots of improvement in their appearance.A.are;has been B.is;have been C.is;are D.are;wasA第43页第44页