英语句子成分和句子类型省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。词类词类作作 用用例例 词词1.（n.）名）名 词词表示人或事物名称。I bought a book.She is a student.2.(pron.）代代词词代替名代替名词词、数数词词等。等。This is my friend.He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him.PartsofSpeach第1页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。3.（adj.）形容形容词词表示人或事物特征或性状。He is small but he is clever.The red pen is useful for the teacher.He painted the wall white yesterday.第2页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。4.(num.）数）数词词表示数目或次序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5.（v.）动动 词词表示表示动动作或状作或状态态。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.第3页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。6.（adv.）副副 词词表示动作特征或性状特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindly.The train goes fast.He seldom comes to see us.7.(prep.）介介 词词表示名词、代词和其它词之间关系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.第4页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。8.（conj.）连词连词连接词与词或句与句作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends.Two or three of us can dance well but I cant.9.(interj.）感）感叹叹词词表示强烈感情Oh!How beautiful the scene is!What a good idea!Goodness!10.（art.）冠）冠词词用来限制名词意义I have a pet dog.The dog is very lovely.He is an old man but very strong.第5页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。一、主语一、主语主语（主语（subject）：）：句子说明人或事物。主句子说明人或事物。主语普通位于语普通位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首第6页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.We love China.2.She seems tired.3.He can speak English 4.We have finished reading this book.二、谓语二、谓语谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由_ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动连系动词词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.动词动词实义动词实义动词连系动词连系动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词（V.）第7页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起组成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起组成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.第8页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1）状态状态系动词系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有，用来表示主语状态，只有be （am,is,are,was,were,been,being）一词）一词 He is a teacher.2）连续连续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况或系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况或态度，主要有态度，主要有keep,remain,stay He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持缄默。他开会时总保持缄默。系动词系动词第9页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。3）表像表像系动词，用来表示系动词，用来表示看起来像看起来像这一概念，主要这一概念，主要有有seem,appear,look,比如：比如：He looks tired.He seems(to be)very sad.4）感官感官系动词，主要有系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThis flower smells very sweet.第10页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。5）改变改变系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHe became mad after that.6）终止终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn outThe rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他计划终于成功了。他计划终于成功了。第11页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。谓语谓语（V.）实义动词实义动词连系动词连系动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词第12页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。三、宾语三、宾语宾语宾语：动作行为对象，说明主语做什么。普通：动作行为对象，说明主语做什么。普通放在放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语双宾语：指人是间接宾语，指物是直接宾语。：指人是间接宾语，指物是直接宾语。He gave me two books.及物动词及物动词介词介词第13页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。表语表语：跟在：跟在连系动词连系动词后面词语或从句后面词语或从句,用来用来说明主语身份说明主语身份,特征特征,状态状态.The trees turn green.The flowers are beautiful.My job is to teach you English.The question is how we can get there.四、表语四、表语第14页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。定语：用来修饰限定定语：用来修饰限定_.This is a red car.The building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词名词第15页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目等。六、六、状语状语第16页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。John often came to chat with me As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Though he is young,he knows a lot.He came running.(程度目)（地点（地点 伴随）伴随）（地点（地点 时间）时间）（让步）（让步）（方式）（方式）(原因原因)第17页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。补语补语是用于补充说明是用于补充说明主语主语或或宾语宾语身份或特身份或特征。征。七、七、补语补语Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）（主补）第18页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。同位语同位语是位于是位于名词或或代词后后面个别名词或面个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明名词词组，对前者进行补充说明The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、八、同位语同位语第19页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。一、一、主语主语 主语能够用下面这些东西表示：1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.()8.What he needs is a book.（）9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正主语从句是真正主语第20页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，防止头重脚轻，时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，防止头重脚轻，所以惯用所以惯用it作形式主语作形式主语置于置于句首句首，而将真正主语，而将真正主语放在句尾。此时放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？第21页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。你能划出以下句子真正主语吗你能划出以下句子真正主语吗?你知道翻译以下你知道翻译以下句子吗？句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误。说谎是错误。争吵是没用。争吵是没用。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。第22页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。二、二、宾语宾语 宾语能够用下面这些东西表示：宾语能够用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语第23页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。二、二、表语表语 表语能够用下面这些东西表示：表语能够用下面这些东西表示：1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.She was the first to arrive.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out of danger.()6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词第24页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。三、三、定语定语 定语能够用下面这些东西表示：定语能够用下面这些东西表示：1.Its a red car.()2.They live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.We belong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()7.The man under the tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词全部格名词全部格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词第25页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。三、三、定语定语 定语能够用下面这些东西表示：定语能够用下面这些东西表示：9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.()10.There are two things to be discussed today.（）11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（）12.This is the very book that I need.（）过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句第26页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。四、四、四、四、状语状语 状语能够用下面这些东西表示：状语能够用下面这些东西表示：状语能够用下面这些东西表示：状语能够用下面这些东西表示：1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned tired and hungry.（）5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.（）6.Although he is young,he knows a lot.()7.The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句第27页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。四、四、状语状语 状语能够用下面这些东西表示：状语能够用下面这些东西表示：9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.（）10.He was angry because we were late(）11.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句第28页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。五、五、五、五、宾语补足语宾语补足语：1.I consider Jim I consider Jim a good frienda good friend.().()2.I always find her I always find her happyhappy.().()3.People praised him People praised him as a heroas a hero.().()4.I had the TV I had the TV fixedfixed.().()5.I saw him I saw him enteringentering the building.()the building.()6.What made youWhat made you think think so?()so?()7.Do you want me Do you want me to goto go?()?()形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to不定式不定式不定式不定式第29页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。英语句子种类英语句子种类简单句简单句(simplesentence)只包含一个主谓结构只包含一个主谓结构Theyareplayingbaseballinthegarden.Herbrotherandsisiterarebothteachers.并列句并列句(compound sentence)Herfatherisadoctorandhermotherisateacher.IlikedthestoryverymuchbutLiMingwasntinteretedinit.Hurryup,oryoullbelate.由由and,but,or,so这四个并列连词连接，而这四个并列连词连接，而“，”逗号是不能连接两个简单句。逗号是不能连接两个简单句。复合句复合句(complex sentence)If he is all right tomorrow,he will come.I went to bed afer I finished my homework.连词主句从句（状语）主句连词从句（状语）第30页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。简单句简单句五种基本句型五种基本句型第31页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。英语五种基本句型英语五种基本句型列式以下：列式以下：基本句型一：基本句型一：（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）第32页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型一主谓（S+V）S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.第33页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型一主谓SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.第34页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型二主系表S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.第35页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型二主系表SVPHeishappy.Everything looksnice.His faceturnedred.第36页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型三主谓宾S+V+OWestudyEnglisheveryday.Theyareplayingfootball.Heenjoysreading.Shesaid“Goodmorning.”第37页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型三主谓宾SVOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenjoyssaidEnglish everyday.football.reading.“Good morning.”第38页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型四SV（及物）O（多指人）O（多指物）Igivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.第39页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型四SV（及物）OOIgivehima book.My mother boughtmea pen yesterday.Ishowedhimmy picture.第40页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型五S+V（及物）+O(宾语)+C（宾补）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.第41页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型五SV（及物）O(宾语)C（宾补）Wemust keepthe dooropen.The newsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldme to wash the plates.Isawa thiefgoing into your room.第42页