英语句子成分和练习市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。一、句子成份一、句子成份v（一）句子成份定义：（一）句子成份定义：v组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。v句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；v主要成份有主语和谓语；主要成份有主语和谓语；v次要成份有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补次要成份有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和足语、同位语和插入语插入语。第1页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。二）主语：二）主语：v主语主语(Subject)表示句子表示句子说说是什么人或什么事是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述主体，普通位于句首。是一个句子所叙述主体，普通位于句首。但在但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词和主语从句等表示。比如：词和主语从句等表示。比如：第2页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化形容词）第3页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式）第4页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（三）谓语（三）谓语 v谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做动作或含说明主语所做动作或含有特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，普通有特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，普通放在主语之后。谓语组成以下：放在主语之后。谓语组成以下：v1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。如：成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffattenoclock.第5页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（三）谓语（三）谓语 vv2、复合谓语：、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形组成。如：）由情态动词加动词原形组成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词现在分词,过去分词组过去分词组成。如：成。如：DoyouspeakEnglish？Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系动词加表语组成。如：）由系动词加表语组成。如：Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。第6页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（四）表语（四）表语 v表语表语(Predicative)v用以说明主语性质、特征、状态与身份，它用以说明主语性质、特征、状态与身份，它普通位于系动词（如普通位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。等）之后。v表语普通由名词、代词、形容词、数词、表语普通由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。比如：语从句表示。比如：第7页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分词）（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwenty one?（数词）（数词）第8页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。6.Hisjobisto teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplaying football.（动名词）（动名词）8.Themeetingisof great importance.（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）（副词）10.Thetruthisthat he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）第9页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和用于连接主语和表语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。表语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，一词，比如：比如：Heisateacher.2）连续系动词连续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况或态度，主要有或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,比如：比如：Healwayskept silentatmeeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，这一概念，主要有主要有seem,appear,look,比如：比如：Heseems(tobe)verysad.第10页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表用于连接主语和表语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,比如：比如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）改变系动词改变系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.比如：比如：Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.6）终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表示表示结果是结果是;证实是证实是，之，之意，比如：意，比如：Therumorproved false.Hisplanturned outasuccess.第11页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（五）宾语（五）宾语v宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作对象或承爱者，普通）表示动作对象或承爱者，普通位于及物动词和介词后面。比如：位于及物动词和介词后面。比如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）第12页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）第13页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v宾语种类宾语种类：v（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），比如：直接宾语），比如：Lendme your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，比如：等，比如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，比如：等，比如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.v（2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），比如：宾补），比如：vTheyelectedhim their monitor.第14页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v以下动词只能接不定式做宾语以下动词只能接不定式做宾语ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：等，如：Herefusedto lend me his bike.第15页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v以下动词只能接动名词做宾语以下动词只能接动名词做宾语admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：等，如：Johnhasadmittedbreaking the window.第16页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v以下动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做以下动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不一样，如宾语，但意义不一样，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。等。vforgettodo表示表示“未发生动作未发生动作”，forgetdoing表示表示“已完成动作已完成动作”。如：。如：vDontforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来还没来)vIforgotreturningthebooktohim.v(书已还给他了书已还给他了)v第17页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语 v宾语补足语（宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），），用于补充说明宾语动作，普通位于宾语用于补充说明宾语动作，普通位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起组成复合之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起组成复合宾语。需接复合宾语动词有：宾语。需接复合宾语动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。等。“宾补宾补”普通可由名普通可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。比如：词短语和从句充当。比如：第18页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）第19页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（七）定语（七）定语 v修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。v定语可由以下等成份表示：定语可由以下等成份表示：1.Guilinisa beautiful city.（形容词（形容词）2.Chinaisadeveloping country;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词（分词）3.Therearethirty womenteachersinourschool.（名词）（名词）4.His rapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）（代词）第20页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）（动名词）7.Heisreadinganarticleabout how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语）8.Sheisthegirlwho sings best in my class.(定语从句定语从句)第21页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（八）状语（八）状语 v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征句子成份，叫做状语动作或状态特征句子成份，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）第22页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）第23页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。9种状语种类以下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainat six?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecause of the rain.3.Ishallgothereif it doesnt rain.4.MrSmithliveson the third floor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwith great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）第24页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。vShecameinwith a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,Imustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthat he fell asleep immediately.8.Sheworksveryhardthough she is old.9.Iamtallerthan he is.（伴随状语）（目状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）第25页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（九）同位语（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面名词）对前面名词或代词做深入解释，通常由名词、数词、或代词做深入解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：代词或从句担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,our headmaster.（十）插入语（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话）对一句话做一些附加解释，通常有做一些附加解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe-)等，如：等，如：To be frank,Idontquiteagreewithyou.第26页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。练习练习一一.指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成份：指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成份：v1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.v2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.v3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.v4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!v5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial第27页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.v7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.v8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.v9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.v10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.v11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.v12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.v13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.第28页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?v15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.v16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?v17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.v18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.v19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.v20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative第29页划分划分句子成份句子成份1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.第30页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.Iveorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.AprilDayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.第31页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?第32页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.第33页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedmagazinetome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.第34页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。二、用符号划出以下短文各句中主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：vI hope you are very well.Im fine,but tired.Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm.August is the hottest month here.It is the time of year for the rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.We grow rice in the south of the States,but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.We have a lot of machines on the farm.第35页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。vAlthough the farm is large,my Dad has only two men working for him.But he employs more men for the harvest.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.It doesnt often rain in the summer here.As a result,we have to water the vegetable garden.Every evening we pump water from a well.It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.第36页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。三、用符号划出以下短文各句中定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：vMost Saturday evenings there is a party,even at harvest time.These parties often make us very happy.We cook meat on an open fire outside.Its great!Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion.Some of my friends drink beer.I dont,because I have to drive home after the party.In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States.There are five different time areas in the States.In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.How many different time areas do you have in China?Well,I must stop and get some sleep.Please give my best regards to your parents.第37页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。四、选择填空：v()1._willleaveforBeijing.vA.NowtherethemanvB.ThemanherenowvC.ThemanwhoisherenowvD.Themanisherenowv()2.Theweather_.vA.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldvC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcoldv()3.Theappletasted_.vA.sweetsB.sweetlyvC.nicelyD.sweet第38页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v()4.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.vA.latelyB.latevC.latestD.latterv()5.Theactor_attheageof70.vA.deadB.diedvC.dyedD.dyingv()6._wereallverytired,butnoneof_wouldstoptotakearest.vA.We,usB.Us,wevC.We,ourD.We,we第39页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch_.vA.crowdB.crowdingvC.crowdedD.crowdedlyv()8.Ithink_necessarytolearnEnglishwell.vA.its B.itvC.thatD.thatis第40页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v()9.Thedog_mad.vA.looksB.islookedvC.isbeinglookedD.waslookedv()10.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.vA.thatB.whenvC.inwhichD.where第41页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。第42页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。句子成份详解表句子成份详解表v句子成份意意义义充当充当词类词类例句例句主主语语v表示句子说是什么人或什么v事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，式，动动名名词词，短，短语语或或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说说明主明主语语做什么，是什么或怎做什么，是什么或怎么么样样动词动词或或动词词组动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语v表示动作行为对象同主同主语语Both of us like English.表表语语v与联络动词连用，一起组成谓v语，说明主语性质或特征同主同主语语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定定语语用来修用来修饰饰名名词词或代或代词词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介副，介词词短短语语或句子或句子We have eight lessons every day.状状语语v修饰动词，形容词，副词，表v示动作发生时间，地点，原v因，目标，方式，结果等副副词词，介，介词词短短语语或句或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补补足足语语逻辑逻辑上与上与宾语宾语是主是主谓谓关系关系形容形容词词，名，名词词，介，介词词短短语语等等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！第43页